MTH101 SUMMARY WITH PAST QUESTIONS

Introduction

MTH 101 - Elementary Mathematics I is designed to teach you how mathematics could be used
in solving problems in the contemporary Science world.

To familiarize you with the peculiar characteristics in

Elementary mathematics. To expose you to the need for and the demands of mathematics in the
Science world.

The objectives of this course are

 Educate learners on how to use mathematical Techniques in solving real-life problems.

* Mathematics for Commerce & Economics By Qazi Zameeruddin &

Engineering Mathematics By K.

Assignment File

{ In this file, you will find all the details of the work you must submit to your tutor for marking.

Presentation Schedule

The Presentation Schedule included in your course materials gives you the important dates for
the completion of tutor-marked assignments and attending tutorials. Your assessment will be
based on tutor-marked assignments and a final examination which you will write at the end of
the course.

Each of the study units follows a common format. The first item is an introduction to the subject
matter of the unit, and how a particular unit is integrated with the other units and the course as a
whole. Next to this is a set of learning objectives. These objectives let you know what you
should be able to do by the time you have completed the unit.

These learning objectives are meant to guide your study. The moment a unit is finished, you
must go back and check whether you have achieved the objectives. The main body of the unit
guides you through the required reading from other sources. If you run into any trouble,
telephone your tutor.

Remember that your tutor’s job is to help you. When you need assistance, do not hesitate to call
and ask your tutor to provide it.

In addition, do the following

Note the time you are expected to spend on each unit and how the assignments relate to the units.
Whatever method you choose to use, you should decide on and write in your own dates and
schedule of work for each unit. If you get into difficulties with your schedule, please, let your
tutor know before it is too late for help. Turn to Unit 1, and read the introduction and the
objectives for the unit.

You will need your set books and the unit you are studying at any point in time. Work through
the unit. As you work through the unit, you will know what sources to consult for further
information. Submit all assignments not later than the due date.

Review the objectives for each study unit to confirm that you have achieved them. If you feel
unsure about any of the objectives, review the study materials or consult your tutor. When you
are confident that you have achieved a unit’s objectives, you can start on the next unit. Proceed
unit by unit through the course and try to pace your study so that you keep yourself on schedule.

When you have submitted an assignment to your tutor for marking, do not wait for its return
before starting on the next unit. Assignment is returned, pay particular attention to your tutor’s
comments, both on the tutor-marked assignment form and also the written comments on the
ordinary assignments. After completing the last unit, review the course and prepare yourself for
the final examination. Check that you have achieved the unit objectives and the course
objectives.

Tutors and Tutorials

Each assignment will be marked by your tutor. Pay close attention to the comments your tutor
might make on your assignments as these will help in your progress. Make sure that assignments
reach your tutor on or before the due date.

This unit aims at introducing basic concepts that would be explained further in subsequent units.

SETS

As mentioned in the introduction, a fundamental concept in all a branch of mathematics is that of

set.

Finite & Infinite Sets

Sets can be finite or infinite. Intuitively, a set is finite if it consists of a specific number of
different elements, i. Although it may be difficult to count the number of rivers in the world, P is
still a finite set.

The first three sets are finite. Although physically it might be impossible to count the number of
people on the earth, the set is still finite.

SUBSETS
If every element in a set A is also a member of a set B, then A is called a subset of B. More
specifically, A is a subset of B if x∈A implies x∈B. The set E = {2,4,6} is a subset of F =
{6,2,4}, since each number 2,4, and 6 belonging to E also belongs to F. In a similar manner it
can be shown that every set is a subset of itself. With the above definition of a subset, we are
able to restate the definition of the equality of two sets. A⊄B if A is not a subset of B.

We denote the power set of S by 2S

If a set S is finite, say S has n elements, then the power set of S can be shown to have 2n
elements.

B= {aa ∈ A, P is true}

The first three set are finite.

In this unit, we shall see operations performed on sets as in simple arithmetic.

SET OPERATIONS

In this unit, we define the operation Union, Intersection and difference of sets, that is, we will
assign new pairs of sets A and B. In a later unit, we will see that these set operations behave in a
manner somewhat similar to the above operations on numbers. The union of sets A and B is the
set of all elements which belong to A or to B or to both.

Then S

The PQ, the union of P and Q, consist of all the real numbers except zero.

AB = {xx∈A or x∈B}

Remark 2. The Intersection of sets A and B is the set of elements which are common to A and B,
that is, those elements which belong to A and which belong to B.

AB =BA

Each of the sets A and B contains AB as a subset, i. The difference of sets A and B is the set of
elements which belong to A but which do not belong to B.

B = {xx∈A, x∉B}

The complement of a set A is the set of elements that do not belong to A, that is, the difference
of the universal set U and A.

Exercises

The union of A and B is the set of all elements that belong to A and to B or to both.
REAL NUMBERS, R

One of the most important properties of the real numbers is that points on a straight line that can
represent them. We refer to this line as the real line. on the same side as 1, are called the positive
numbers and those numbers to the left of 0 are called the negative numbers. The number 0 itself
is neither positive nor negative.

Rational Numbers, Q

The rational numbers are those real numbers, which can be expressed as the ratio of two integers.
The rational numbers are closed not only under the operations of addition, multiplication and
subtraction but also under the operation of division.

Natural Numbers, N

The natural numbers are the positive integers.

Every real number can be represented by a “non-terminating decimal”. We now state the basic
fact connecting decimals and real numbers.

The concept of “order” is introduced in the real number system by the

If b – a is a positive number. Geometrically, if a < b then the point a on the real line lies to the
left of the point b.

We also denote a < b by b > a

the relation a < b is defined in terms of the concept of positive numbers. The fundamental
property of the positive numbers which is used to prove properties of the relation a < b is that the
positive numbers are closed under the operations of addition and multiplication. Moreover, this
fact is intimately connected with the fact that the natural numbers are also closed under the
operations of addition and multiplication. Remark 3.

A4 = {x2 < x < 5}

graph, these sets on the real line as follows. Let A be a set of numbers, then A is called bounded
set if A is the subset of a finite interval.

The set of real numbers is of utmost importance in the analysis. All other sets of numbers are
subsets of the set of real numbers as can be seen from the line diagram of the number system. In
this unit, you have been introduced to the sets of numbers. The set of real numbers, , contains
the set of integers, Z, Rational numbers, Q, Natural numbers, N, and Irrational numbers, Q’.
Intervals on the real line are open, closed, open-closed or closed-open depending on the nature of
the endpoints.

A sequence may be finite or infinite. A finite sequence is one whose first and last element are
known, while an infinite sequence is one whose terms are uncountable.

2n  1

This is a sequence in which each term differs by a common difference. Let „a‟ be the first term,
Let „s‟ be the common difference.

The nth term is Un = a + d

Find the sequence, first term and the common difference.

3d  6, d  2

Substitute d = 2 into equation .

A quadratic equation is an equation of the form axe 2  bx  c  y where a, b and c are constants.
*To be able to match appropriate solution methods to particular quadratic equation. Main topic
in this section is solving a quadratic equation ax2+bx+c=0. There are three ways to solve a
quadratic equation.

Solve the quadratic equation x2−3x−4=0 by factoring. we obtain two real solutions x=−1 or x=4.
Solve the quadratic equation x2−3=0.

Next method is

Solve the equation x2−6x−10=0 by completing the square.

Add the square off to both sides of to have c  b 

Solve the quadratic equation 3x2+2x−7=0. Using the discriminant, we can tell the following
without solving the equation itself.

FBQ1: In the Quadratic Formula, , is called the ______&nbsp;

Answer: Discriminant

FBQ2: The domain of , will be any real number except _______

Answer: -2

FBQ4: The set of all y values of a relation is called the _____

Answer: Domain
FBQ5: The set of element in {x | x is a positive even integer less than 4} is: …………..
Answer: {1,2,3}

FBQ7: The common ratio is __________, when the fourth term is divided by the second term is 9
Answer: 3

FBQ8: In slope-intercept form, the equation of a line passing through the point (-3,2) and parallel to 4x-
y=7 is given as ………………..
Answer: y=4x+4

FBQ9: The distance between the points (-3, 19), (-7, -5) to the nearest tenth is …………..
Answer: 24.3

FBQ20: Polar form of a complex number is ………………………………………

Answer: r(cosθ+isinθ)

FBQ21: Set that have unlimited numbers of elements are referred to as…………….
Answer: infinite set

FBQ22: The radius of the circle with the equation: is __________&nbsp;

Answer: 5

FBQ24: The cardinality of the Power set of the set {0,1,2} is ……………………………
Answer: 6

FBQ25: The values of x in equation is …………………………………

Answer: 5 and 1

FBQ3: In terms of their elements, two sets are called disjoint if they have ---------------
Answer: no element in common

FBQ6: The centre of the circle is ……………………

Answer: (1,-3)

FBQ10: Power set of empty set has exactly ………………………….. number of subset.
Answer: Zero

FBQ11: The x intercept of 9x-2y=18 is _____

Answer: (3,0)

FBQ12: What is the coordinate of the y-intercept of the linear equation 9x-2y=18 is……………..
Answer: (0,2)

FBQ13: The leading coefficient of y=6x3-3x2+4x+5 is …………………………

Answer: 6

FBQ14: If A and B are sets and A ∪ B =A ∩ B, then the two sets are ………………….
Answer: A=B

FBQ15: The intersect of the sets {1, 2, 5} and {1, 2, 6} is the set................
Answer: {1, 2}

FBQ16: The solution of a quadratic equation is sometimes called _____

Answer: Roots

FBQ17: Given the circle , the radius of the circle is………………………

Answer: Zero

FBQ18: The equation of the line passing through the point (-3,7) with slope zero can be written as
…………………
Answer: y=7

FBQ19: The Common difference of sequence 2, -2,-6,… is …………………

Answer: -4

FBQ23: The sum of -5+ 4i+9+ 6i in standard form ( + bi) is ……………..

Answer: 4+10i

FBQ26: The union of the sets {1, 2, 5} and {1, 2, 6} is the set ..............................................
Answer: {1, 2, 5, 6}

FBQ27: The individual objects in a set are called ……………………………………………

Answer: Element

FBQ28: The Common difference of sequence 5,8,11,14,… is

Answer: 3

FBQ29: Collection of well-defined objects is called a …………………..

Answer: Set

FBQ30: The set of positive integers is an example of ………………set

Answer: Infinite

FBQ31: If A∪B=B∪A, then the sets A and B are …………….

Answer: Commutative

FBQ32: The product of 4+iand 4-iis …………………………….

Answer: 17

FBQ33: A linear system of equations made up of two intersecting lines has ________ solution(s).
Answer: 2

FBQ34: The Sum of the roots of the quadratic equation 3x2 -5x -2 is ……………………….
Answer: 5/3
FBQ35: The solutions of a quadratic equation x2 + 5x – 6 = 0 are ……………. and ………………………..
Answer: 1 , -6

FBQ36: In standard form a+ bi, 3- 5i--5+ 11i+(9+ 6i) can be reduced to ….

Answer: 17-10i

FBQ37: Any set that contains a definite number of elements is called ………………….
Answer: finite set

FBQ38: One factor of the expression 8x2 – 19x + 6 is x -2. The other is ………………..
Answer: 8x-3

FBQ39: Expansion of 3-6i2is …………………………………………………..

Answer: -27-36i

FBQ40: If the difference between the third term and the second term is 12, then the common difference
is …………………..
Answer: 12

FBQ41: If Set D = {x: x is an odd number between 10 and 18}, the elements
Answer: {11,13,15,17}

FBQ42: The minimum value of is ………………………&nbsp;

Answer: -4

FBQ43: The numerator of the quotient 5-3i2+ 7iin standard form (a+ bi) is …………..
Answer: -11-4i

FBQ44: When b2-4ac&lt;0, then the equation has …………………………………solution.

Answer: two complex solutions

FBQ45: The first and seventh terms of a geometric progression are 812 and 329 respectively. Hence,
the common ratio is ………………………………
Answer: 2/3

FBQ46: If two sets have distinct elements, they are said to be ………………………
Answer: Disjoint

FBQ47: The slope of the linear equation y=12x-2 is …………………………..

Answer: 2/3

FBQ48: The slope of the linear equationy=-14x+7is ……………

Answer: -1/4

FBQ49: If U={a,b,c,d,e}, A={a,c,e} and B={a,b,e}, then (A∩B) =……………………

Answer: {a,e}

FBQ50: The value of i15is …………………………………………..

Answer: -i

MCQ1: &nbsp;Evaluate
Answer: 5

MCQ2: Solve for x:

Answer: x=3

MCQ3: Find the product of 4 + i and 4 – i.

Answer: 17

MCQ4: What are the center and radius of

Answer:

MCQ5: Simply
Answer:

MCQ6: Expand
Answer: -27 - 36i

MCQ7: Find the next term of each sequence 4 -16, 64, -256 1024, …
Answer: -4096

MCQ8: Find the next term of each sequence 4, 16, 36, 64, 100
Answer: 144

MCQ9: Find the next term of each sequence 4, -12, 36, -108, 324
Answer: -972

MCQ10: Expand and simplify (2x - 1)(x + 3)

Answer: x2+5x-3

MCQ11: Factorize completely . 9x2-24x-16

Answer: (3x-4)2

MCQ12: is equal to ____

Answer:

MCQ13: Find an equation whose roots are -2 and 1.

Answer: x2+x-2=0

MCQ14: When solving a linear system of equations, you are looking for which of the following?
Answer: Point(s) of intersection

MCQ15: A linear system of equations made up of two intersecting lines has ________ solution(s)
Answer: one

MCQ16: If the legs of a right triangle measure 5 and 12 cm respectively, the measure of the third side is
Answer: 13 cm

MCQ17: Which of the following is an equation of a circle?

Answer:

MCQ18: The set of all y=f(x) values of a relation is called the _____.
Answer: domian

MCQ19: If a system of equations has one solution, then the equations will have _____.
Answer: different slopes

MCQ20: The solution(s) of a Quadratic Equation is/are also sometimes called _____.
Answer: root(s)

MCQ21: &nbsp;The function completely factorized is _____.&nbsp;

Answer:

MCQ22: All the solution(s) for are ____

Answer:

MCQ23: What is the Leading Coefficient of

Answer: 6

MCQ24: What is the constant of

Answer: 5

MCQ25:
Answer: 5

MCQ26: What is the y-intercept of the line determined by the linear equation
Answer:

MCQ27: What is the slope of the linear equation:

Answer:

MCQ28: Which ordered pair(s) are all the y-intercept(s) of the equation:
Answer: . (0,1)

MCQ29: When is not positive?

Answer: never

MCQ30: What is the radius of the circle graphed by the equation:

Answer: 5

MCQ31: The square root of a number is the same as raising the number to the
Answer: (1/2) power

MCQ32: The x intercept of is _____.

Answer:

MCQ33: The domain of, will be any real number _______.

Answer:

MCQ34: Expand and express your answer in simplest complex form.

Answer: 11+7i

MCQ35: What is the minimum value of

Answer: -6

MCQ36: Solve: .&nbsp;

Answer:

MCQ37: Solve for x. .

Answer: 5and 1 only

MCQ38: Approximate the distance between the points (-3, 19), (-7, -5) to the nearest tenth:
Answer: 24.3

MCQ39: The number of elements in the Power set P(S) of the set S={[∅], 1, [2,3]} is
Answer: 4

MCQ40: If A and B are sets and A ∪ B =A ∩ B, then

Answer: A=B

MCQ41: The union of the sets {1,2,5} and {1,2,6} is the set ................
Answer: {1,2,5,6}

MCQ42: The intersection of the sets {1,2,5} and {1,2,6} is the set ……………
Answer: {1,2}

MCQ43: Two sets are called disjoint if their ………….. is empty set.
Answer: intersection

MCQ44: Which of the following two sets are disjoint?

Answer: {1,3,5}and{2,4,6}

MCQ45: The complement of the set A is ………..

Answer: element not in A but in the universal set

MCQ46: Individual objects in a set are called …………..

Answer: element

MCQ47: Set {x: x is an odd number between 10 and 18}

Answer: {11,13,15,17}

MCQ48: Polar form of a complex number is …………………

Answer: r(cosθ+ isinθ)

MCQ49: a2 + b2 is equal to ……………

Answer: (a+ib)(a-ib)

MCQ50: The solution of a quadratic equation x2 + 5x – 6 = 0 is

Answer: x=1,x=-6