Properties of Triangles
Properties of Triangles
TRIGONOMETRY
PROPERTIES
OF TRIANGLES
A s ( s − a) B s ( s − b) C s ( s − c)
4. cos = 5. cos = 6. cos =
2 bc 2 ca 2 ab
A B s−c B C s−a C A s −b
10. tan tan = 11. tan tan = ` 12. tan tan =
2 2 s 2 2 s 2 2 s
A B c C B C a A C A b B
13. tan + tan = cot 14. tan + tan = cot 15. tan + tan = cot
2 2 s 2 2 2 s 2 2 2 s 2
A B a−b B C b−c C A c−a
16. tan − tan = ( s − c) 17. tan − tan = ( s − a) 19. tan − tan = ( s − b)
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B c C B C c A C A c B
20. cot + cot = cot 21. cot + cot = cot 22. cot + cot = cot
2 2 s−c 2 2 2 s−a 2 2 2 s−b 2
6. NAPIER’S ANALOGY
B−C b−c A C− A c−a B A− B a−b C
1. tan = cot 2. tan = cot 3. tan = cot
2 b+c 2 2 c+a 2 2 a+b 2
7. CONDITIONAL IDENTITIES
If A + B + C = , then:
1. sin 2 A + sin 2B + sin 2C = 4 sin A sin B sin C 2. sin 2 A + sin 2B − sin 2C = 4 cos A cos B sin C
3. sin( B + C − A) + sin(C + A − B) + sin( A + B − C) = 4 sin A sin B sin C
A B C
4. cos 2 A + cos 2B + cos 2C = 1 − 4 cos A cos B cosC 5. sin A + sin B + sin C = 4 cos cos cos
2 2 2
A B C A B C
6. sin A + sin B − sin C = 4 sin sin cos 7. cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 + 4 sin sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
A B C cos A cos B cos C
8. cos A + cos B − cos C = −1 + 4 cos cos sin 9. + + =2
2 2 2 sin B sin C sin C sin A sin A sin B
10. sin 2 A + sin 2 B − sin 2 C = 2 sin A sin B cos C 11. cos2 A + cos2 B + cos2 C = 1 − 2 cos A cos B cosC
12. sin 2 A + sin 2 B + sin 2 C = 2 + 2 cos A cos B cos C 13. cos2 A + cos2 B − cos2 C = 1 − 2 sin A sin B cos C
A B C A B C
14. sin 2 + sin 2 + sin 2 = 1 − 2 sin sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C A B C
15. cos2 + cos2 + cos2 = 2 + 2 sin sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C A B C A B C A B C
16. sin 2 + sin 2 − sin 2 = 1 − 2 cos cos sin 17. cos2 + cos2 − cos 2 = 2 cos cos sin
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
18. tan A + tan B + tan C = tan A tan B tan C 19. cot A cot B + cot B cot C + cot C cot A = 1
A B B C C A A B C A B C
20. tan tan + tan tan + tan tan = 1 21. cot + cot + cot = cot cot cot
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
8. ANGLE BISECTOR THEOREM
BD AB
In a triangle ABC , D is a point of BC such that AD is angle bisector of A , then = .
CD AC
9. MEDIAN THEOREM
1. In a triangle ABC , point D, E , F are the mid points of BC, CA, AB . Let the median intersect at the centroid
AG BG CG 2
G of the triangle, then = = = .
GD GE GF 1
2. If AD, BE and CF be the medians of sides BC, CA and AB of a triangle ABC then:
2b sin C
4. Let the angle ADC = then sin = .
2b + 2c 2 − a 2
2
3
SECTION 2 : ONE CORRECT ANSWER
2.1. SINE AND COSINE RULE
01. In a triangle ABC , sin A and sin B satisfy the relationship 4 x 2 − 2 6 x + 1 = 0 then cos(A − B) = ____ .
1 1 3
A) 0 B] C) D)
2 2 2
02. If the angles of a triangle are in the ratio of 1 : 2 : 7 , then the ratio of its largest side to the smallest side is
____.
5 5 +1 3 +1
A) B) 2 : 1 C] D)
3 5 −1 3 −1
b+c c+a a+b
03. In a triangle ABC , if = = , then cos A : cos B : cosC = ____.
11 12 13
A) 13 : 12 : 11 B) 7 : 8 : 25 C) 3 : 3 : 5 D] 7 : 19 : 25
04. If the sides of a triangle are in the ratio of 1 : 3 : 2 , then the angles are in the ratio ____.
A) 1 : 3 : 5 B) 2 : 3 : 4 C) 3 : 2 : 1 D] 1 : 2 : 3
A− B+C
05. In a triangle ABC , the value of 2ac sin = ____ .
2
A) a 2 + b 2 − c 2 B] a 2 − b 2 + c 2 C) − a 2 + b 2 + c 2 D) a 2 − b 2 − c 2
06. In a triangle ABC , if b 2 + c 2 = 3a 2 , then cot B + cot C − cot A = ____ .
ab bc
A) 1 B) C] 0 D)
4 4
07. If the sine of the angles of a triangle ABC are in the ratio 3 : 5 : 7 , then cotangents are in the ratio of ____.
A) 2 : 3 : 7 B) 33 : 65 : −15 C] 65 : 33 : −15 D) None of these
08. If the sides of a triangle are x 2 + x + 1 , x 2 − 1 and 2 x + 1 , then the largest angle is ____.
2
A) B) C) D]
4 3 2 3
09. The sides of a triangle are three consecutive natural numbers and its largest angle is twice the smallest
angle. The largest side is ____.
A) 4 B) 5 C] 6 D) 8
10. The angles of a triangle ABC satisfy the relations 3B − C = 300 and A + 2B = 1200 . If the perimeter of the
A) 3 +1 B] 2 + 2 3 C) 2 2 D) 4
5
11. If in a triangle ABC , angle A = , angle B = , then value of a + 2c = ____ .
4 12
A) 0 B) 1 C) b D] 2b
12. A point P is inside an equilateral triangle. If the distances of P from the sides are 4,5,6 units, then lengths
of the sides are ____.
A) 5 3 B] 10 3 C) 15 3 D) 20 3
4
13. If the sides a, b, c of a triangle ABC are in G.P. and largest angle exceeds the smallest by 60 0 , then
cos B = ____ .
13 − 1 1 3 +1
A) B] C) D)
4 2 4
14. In a triangle, the lengths of the two larger sides are 10 cm and 9 cm respectively. If the angles of the
triangle are in A.P., then the length of the third side can be ____.
A) 2 3 B) 1 2 C] 5 6 D) Ether 5 + 6 or 5 6
15. In triangle ABC , which is right angled at B , s − a = 3 and s − c = 2 , then ____.
A) a = 2, c = 3 B) a = 3, c = 4 C) a = 4, c = 3 D] a = 6, c = 8
16. In a triangle ABC , a : b : c = 4 : 5 : 6 , then 3A + B = ____ .
A) 4 B) 2 C) − C D]
cos B + cos C
17. In a triangle ABC , = ____ .
1 − cos A
b+c bc b+c a
A) B) C] D)
1− a 1− a a b+c
10 10
18. In a triangle ABC , let the base be b and the base angles be 22 and 112 , then height of the triangle is
2 2
____.
b
A) B) b C) 2b D) 4b
2
19. In a triangle ABC , a = 4, b = 3, A = 60 0 , then side c is the root of the which of the following equation?
A) c 2 − 3c + 7 = 0 B) c 2 + 3c + 7 = 0 C] c 2 − 3c − 7 = 0 D) c 2 + 3c − 7 = 0
b 3
20. In a triangle ABC , the angles are in A.P. such that = , then A = ____ .
c 2
A) 30 0 B) 45 0 C] 75 0 D) 90 0
C 1 1 1
21. In a triangle ABC , CD is the angle bisector of C . If cos = and CD = 6 , then + = ____ .
2 3 a b
1 1 1
A] B) C) D) None of these
9 12 6
22. If the sides of a triangle are in the ratio 2 : 6 : 3 − 1, then the greatest and the smallest angles are ____.
5
k2 k2
A) sin A sin B sin C B] sin A sin B sin C
4 2
s−a s−c s −b s
A) B] C) D)
26. The sides of a triangle ABC are in A.P. and its area is 60% of an equilateral triangle of the same
perimeter, then its sides are in the ratio ____.
A) 1 : 2 : 3 B] 3 : 5 : 7 C) 4 : 2 : 1 D) 1 : 3 : 6
5
27. In a triangle ABC , angle C = and angle A = . If D is a point on AC such that the area of triangle
3 12
ABD is 3 times the area of triangle BCD , then angle ABD = ____ .
A] B) C) D)
6 4 3 2
cos A cos B cos C
28. If = = and side a = 2 , then area of the triangle is ____.
a b c
3
A) 1 B) 2 C) D] 3
2
A
29. If the area of a triangle is given by = a 2 − (b − c) 2 , then tan = ____ .
2
1 1
A) − 1 B) 0 C] D)
4 2
2.3. HALF ANGLES
A 5 B 20 C
30. In a triangle ABC , if tan = and tan = , then tan = ____ .
2 6 2 37 2
1 4 2 3
A) B) C] D)
6 7 5 5
A C
sin sin
31. In a triangle ABC , if a, b, c are in A.P., then the value of 2 2 = ____.
B
sin
2
1 3
A) 1 B] C) D) 2
2 2
32. If in a triangle ABC , 5 cosC + 6 cos B = 4 and 6 cos A + 4 cosC = 5 , then the value of the expression
A B
tan tan = ____ .
2 2
2 3 1
A) B) C] D) 5
3 2 5
A B B A
33. In a triangle ABC , cot + cot a sin 2 + b sin 2 = ____.
2 2 2 2
6
C C
A) cot C B) c cot C C) cot D] c cot
2 2
B C
34. In a triangle ABC , if b + c = 3a , then cot cot = ____ .
2 2
1 3
A) B) 1 C) D] 2
2 2
A B
tan + tan
2 2 = ____
35. The value of .
A B
tan − tan
2 2
c c a+b a−b
A) B] C) D)
a+b a−b c c
A B−C
36. In a triangle ABC , tan tan = ____ .
2 2
c−a a−b b−c
A) B) C] D) None of these
c+a a+b b+c
A B 3
37. In a triangle ABC , b cos2 + a cos2 = c , then sides a, b, c are in ____.
2 2 2
A) A.P. B) G.P. C) H.P. D] None of these
A
38. In a triangle ABC , angle B = 90 0 , then tan 2 = ____ .
2
b−c b−c b+c
A) B] C) D) None of these
a b+c b−c
39. If p, q, r are the lengths of internal bisectors of the angles of a triangle ABC , then the value of
1 A 1 B 1 C
cos + cos + cos = ____ .
p 2 q 2 r 2
1 1 1 1 1
A) abc B] + + C) D)
a b c abc a+b+c
C B
40. If be the perimeter of a triangle ABC , then b cos 2 + c cos 2 is equal to ____.
2 2
A) B] C) 2 D) None of these
2
2.4. NAPIERS ANALOGY
3
41. In a triangle ABC , angle A = 60 0 , b : c = 2 : 3 and tan = , then which of the following is true?
5
A) B − = 60 0 B] C − = 60 0 C) B + = 60 0 D) C + = 60 0
42. In a triangle ABC , a = 2b, | A − B |= 60 0 , then C = ____ .
A) 30 0 B) 45 0 C) 75 0 D] 60 0
43. In a triangle ABC , the tangents of half the difference of two angles is one third the tangent of half the sum
of the same two angles. The ratio of the sides opposite the angles is ____.
A) 2 : 3 B) 1 : 3 C] 2 : 1 D) 3 : 4
7
2.5. TYPES OF TRIANGLES
44. In a triangle ABC , A = 18 0 , b − a = 2 and ab = 4 , then the triangle is ____.
A) Acute angled B) Right angled C] Obtuse angled D) Isosceles
sin B 2
45. In a triangle ABC , 2 cos A = and 2 tan B is a solution of the equation x 2 − 9 x + 8 = 0 , then triangle is
sin C
____.
A] Equilateral B) Isosceles C) Scalene D) Right angled
2 cos A cos B 2 cos C a b
46. In a triangle ABC , + + = + , then the triangle is ____.
a b c bc ca
A) Scalene B) Equilateral C) Isosceles D] Right angled
cos A cos B cos C
47. If in a triangle, = = , then the triangle is ____.
a b c
A) Right angled B) Isosceles C] Equilateral D) Obtuse
1 1 1 1
48. In a triangle ABC , cot A = x 3 + x 2 + x , cot B = x + 1 + and cot C = + + , then the triangle is
x x x 2 x3
____.
A) Isosceles B) Obtuse angled C] Right angled D) None of these
49. In a triangle ABC , if cos2 A + cos2 C = sin 2 B then the triangle is ____.
A) Equilateral B] Right angled C) Isosceles D) None of these
A+ B
50. In a triangle ABC , a tan A + b tan B = (a + b) tan , then the triangle is ____.
2
A) Equilateral B) Right angled C) Scalene D] Isosceles
51. In a ABC , if cos3A + cos3B + cos3C = 1, then triangles is ____.
A) Right angled B) Acute angled C] Obtuse angled D) An ordinary triangle
52. If in a ABC , sin 3 A + sin 3 B + sin 3 C = 3 + sin A sin B sin C , then triangle ABC is ____.
A) Scalene triangle B) Right angled C) Obtuse D] Equilateral
53. In a triangle ABC , a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = ca + ab 3 , then the triangle is ____.
A) Equilateral B] Right Angled C) Scalene D) Right angled isosceles
3
54. In a triangle ABC , cos A + cos B + cos C = , then the triangle is ____.
2
A) Isosceles B) Right angled C] Equilateral D) Scalene
2.6. A.P. G.P. H.P.
B
55. In a triangle ABC , if cos A + cos C = 4 sin 2 , then sides a, b, c are in ____.
2
A] A.P. B) G.P. C) H.P. D) None of these
A B C
56. In a triangle, if sin 2 , sin 2 , sin 2 are in H.P., then a, b, c are in ____.
2 2 2
A) A.P. B) G.P. C] H.P. D) None of these
57. If in a triangle ABC , sin A, sin B, sin C are in A.P. then the altitudes are in ___.
8
A) A.P. B) G.P. C] H.P. D) None of these
58. In a triangle ABC , the angles A, B, C are in A.P. and the sides a, b, c are in G.P., then a 2 , b 2 , c 2 are in ____.
A] A.P. B) G.P. C) H.P. D) None of these
A B C
59. In a triangle ABC , tan , tan , tan are in A.P., then ____.
2 2 2
A) cos A, cos B, cos C are in H.P. B] cos A, cos B, cos C are in A.P.
C) cos A, cos B, cos C are in G.P. D) None of these
A B C 1 1 1
60. If in a triangle tan , tan , tan are in H.P., then , , are in ____.
2 2 2 a b c
A) A.P. B) G.P. C] H.P. D) None of these
61. If in a triangle sin A : sin C = sin( A − B) : sin( B − C) , then a 2 , b 2 , c 2 are in ____.
A] A.P. B) G.P. C) H.P. D) None of these
1
62. If the angles of a triangle are in A.P. with the common difference of , then the sides are in the ratio of
3
____.
A) 2 :2 3: 6 + 2 B) 2 2 : 3 : 6 − 2
C) 2 2 : 2 3 : 6 − 2 D] 2 2 : 2 3 : 6 + 2
63. If in a triangle ABC , sides a, b, c are in A.P., then it is necessary that ____.
2 b 1 b 2 2 b 1 b 2
A] 2 B) C] 2 D)
3 c 3 c 3 3 a 3 a 3
64. If cos A + cos B + 2 cosC = 2 , then the sides of the triangle ABC are in ____.
A] A.P. B) G.P. C) H.P. D) None of these
65. Three sides of a triangle ABC are in A.P. such that a min{b, c} , then cos A may be equal to ____.
3c − 4b 3c − 4b 4c − 3b 4c − 3b
A) B) C) D]
2b 2c 2b 2c
A 5 C 2
66. In a triangle ABC , tan = and tan = , then ____.
2 6 2 5
A] a, b, c are in AP B) a, c, b are in AP C) b, a, c are in AP D) a, b, c are in GP
67. Let a, b, c be the sides of a triangle ABC and let roots of the equation a(b − c) x 2 + b(c − a) x + c(a − b) = 0 be
A B C
real, then sin 2 , sin 2 , sin 2 are in ____.
2 2 2
A) AP B) GP C] HP D) AGP
68. Let a, b, c be the sides of a triangle ABC such that cos A + 2 cos B + cos C = 2 , then a, b, c are in ____.
A] AP B) GP C) HP D) AGP
b 3
69. Angles A, B, C of a triangle are in AP. If = then angle A = ____ .
c 2
5
A) B) C] D)
6 4 12 2
9
SECTION 3 : ONE OR MORE CORRECT ANSWER
70. If in a triangle cos A cos B + sin A sin B sin 2C = 1 , then triangle is ____.
A] Isosceles but not right angled B] Acute angled
C) Right angled D) Having smallest angle as
4
71. The sides of a triangle satisfy the equation 2a 2 + 4b 2 + c 2 = 4ab + 2ac , then ____.
A] Triangle is isosceles B) Triangle is obtuse
7 1
C] B = cos −1 D] A = cos −1
8 4
SECTION 4 : TRUE / FALSE
a3 + b3 + c3 1
72. In a triangle ABC , a b c and = 8 , then maximum value a is .
sin A + sin B + sin C
3 3 3
2
A) True B] False
sin A sin B sin C
73. There be a triangle of following property = = .
2 3 7
A) True B] False
SECTION 5 : MISCELLANEOUS
74. In a triangle ABC , the angle A is obtuse, then the maximum value of tan B tan C is ____.
A) 0 B] 1 C) 2 D) 3
75. In a triangle ABC , the sides a, b, c are the roots of the equation x 3 − 11x 2 + 38x − 40 = 0 , then
cos A cos B cos C
+ + equals ____.
a b c
3 9
A) 1 B) C] D) None of these
4 16
76. In a triangle ABC , a is the arithmetic mean and b, c are the two geometric means between any two
sin 3 B + sin 3 C
positive real numbers, then = ____ .
sin A sin B sin C
A) 1 B) 0 C] 2 D) 4
77. In a triangle ABC , (a + b + c)(−a + b + c) = kbc , then range of k is ____.
A) 1 k 3 B] 0 k 4 C) 1 k 5 D) None of these
78. If the median of triangle ABC passing through A is also perpendicular to AB , then tan A + 2 tan B = ____.
A) − 1 B] 0 C) 1 D) 2
79. The perimeter of a triangle ABC is six times the arithmetic mean of the sines of its angles. If a = 1 then
A = ____ .
A] 30 0 B) 60 0 C) 90 0 D) 120 0
80. If the angle bisector of A in a triangle ABC makes an angle with BC , then sin = ____ .
B −C B −C 2B − A 2C − A
A] cos B) sin C) sin D) sin
2 2 2 2
81. In a triangle ABC , D is the mid point of BC and AD is perpendicular to AC , then cos B = ____ .
10
2b b b2 + c2 c2 + a2
A) B) − C] D)
a c ca ca
a b c
82. In a triangle ABC , sin A + sin B + sin C = 3 sin A sin B sin C , then b c a = ____ .
3 3 3
c a b
A] 0 B) (a + b + c) 3 C) abc D) a 3 + b 3 + c 3
p+ q
83. In a triangle ABC , A = 36 0 , AB = AC = 1 and BC = x . If x = , then the ordered pair ( p, q) is ____.
2
A) (1,−5) B) (1,5) C] ( (−1,5) D) (−1,−5)
84. ABC is a triangle and D is the middle point of BC . If AD is perpendicular to AC , then
cos A cosC = ____ .
c2 + a2 2( c 2 − a 2 ) 3b 2 b2 − a2
A) B] C) D)
b 3ac ac ac
85. In a triangle ABC , CH and CM are the lengths of the altitude and median to the base AB . If
a = 10, b = 26, c = 32 , then length of HM = ____ .
A) 5 B) 7 C] 9 D) None of these
86. In a triangle ABC , angle B = 60 0 and angle C = 45 0 . Let D divide BC internally in the ratio 1 : 3 , then
sin( BAD)
= ____ .
sin(CAD)
1 1 1
A] B) C) D) None of these
6 3 3
87. If D is the mid point of side BC of a triangle ABC such that AD is perpendicular to AC , then ____.
A) 3a 2 = b 2 − 3c 2 B] 3b 2 = a 2 − c 2 C) b 2 = a 2 − c 2 D) 5c 2 = a 2 + b 2
88. The base angles of a triangle are 22.5 0 and 112.5 0 , then the ratio of the base to the height of the triangle is
____.
A) 2 B) 2 2 − 1 C) 2 2 D] 2
89. In a triangle ABC , cos A = cos B cosC , then tan B tan C = ____ .
1
A) 1 B) C] 2 D) 3
2
92. If A is the area of a triangle and 2s its perimeter, then which of the following is correct?
11
s2 s2 s2
A] A B) A = C) A D) None of these
3 3 2 3
C C A B
93. In a triangle ABC , sin A + = k sin , then tan tan = ____ .
2 2 2 2
k −1 k +1 k k +1
A] B) C) D)
k +1 k −1 k +1 k
12