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Lecture 2 Vectors Metrices

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12 views

Lecture 2 Vectors Metrices

Uploaded by

silentknight9715
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING USING

APPROPRIATE SOFTWARE
AMAT 21262

VECTORS AND MATRICES

Department of Mathematics
UoK
16.05.2024
OUTLINE

Creating Row Vectors, Column Vectors, and Matrices.

Accessing /Modifying Vector and Matrix Elements.

Operations on Vectors and Matrices

Matrix Concatenation
SCALAR, VECTOR (RAW / COLUMN), MATRIX

• Scalar, is a physical quantity that is completely described by its magnitude.


• A vector (One-dimensional array) is a list of scalar values arranged in a row
or column.
• A Metrix (two-dimensional array) is a list of scalar values arranged in a row
or column.
HOW TO CREATE VECTORS IN MATLAB?
Raw Vectors

A row vector can be created in many ways. First, the most direct way is putting the
desired values in a square bracket.
HOW TO CREATE VECTORS IN MATLAB?

For the regularly spaced vectors, the colon operator can be used to iterate through the
values. The syntax is

row_vec= First: Step: Last


HOW TO CREATE VECTORS IN MATLAB?

The third way of creating a row vector is using function linspace. The syntax is
linspace(x,y,n). This creates a vector with 𝑛 values in the inclusive range
from 𝑥 to 𝑦.
HOW TO CREATE VECTORS IN MATLAB?

Column Vectors
HOW TO CREATE METRIX IN MATLAB?

Suppose we want to create

1 2 3
A=
4 5 6
HOW TO CREATE METRIX IN MATLAB?

3 6 9
Let’s create 𝐵 =
2 6 10
Creating Vectors and Matrices in MATLAB using built-in
functions(Special Matrices)

• To create a 2 by 2 identity matrix 𝑨


• To create a 2 by 1 vector x with ones :

• To create a 3 by 4 vector y with zeros : • To create a diagonal matrix with elements in


𝒂 vector.
Random Values Matrices
Matrices can also be created from random values using rand and randi built-in functions.
To create an M by N matrix of random integers, each in the range from 0 to x. We can use randi
function.
Vector and Matrix Dimensions
• The length() function returns the number of element in a vector.

• The size() function returns the number of rows and columns of a matrix.

• length() can be applied to a matrix as well.


numel() function returns the total number of elements in any array (vector or matrix):
Accessing/Modifying Vector and Matrix Elements.

• Suppose that the vector v is defined as

v = [16 5 9 4 2 11 7 14]

• To extract the third element of v, v(3)

ans =9

• To extract the first, fifth, and sixth elements of v, v([1 5 6])

ans =16 2 11
Accessing/Modifying Vector and Matrix Elements cont.

v = [16 5 9 4 2 11 7 14]
• To extract the third through the seventh elements v(3:7)

ans =

9 4 2 11 7

• To extract the last element v(end)

ans =

14
Accessing/Modifying Vector and Matrix Elements cont.

Now consider the matrix A

A=

1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12

• To extract the element in row 2, column 4


A(2,4)

ans =
8

• To extract the third row of A


A(3,:)

ans =

9 10 11 12
Accessing/Modifying Vector and Matrix Elements cont.
• To extract last column
A(:,end) 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
ans = 9 10 11 12
4
8
12

• To extract all the elements of A that are greater than 8.


A(A>8)

ans =

9
10
11
12
Vector and Matrix Manipulation

Let’s consider the following matrix


A=

1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12

• To delete the second column of the vector A


A(:,2)=[]
A=

1 3 4
5 7 8
9 11 12
Vector and Matrix Manipulation Cont.

Let’s consider the following matrix B


B=

1 1 2
3 4 7
8 2 4

• To delete the first row of B:

B(1,:)=[]

B=
3 4 7
8 2 4
Vector and Matrix Manipulation Cont.
Let’s consider the following matrix C
C=

1 2 3
4 5 6

• To add a row that contains elements 7 8 9 at the end of the matrix C (or to append a row at
the end)
B=

7 8 9

C=[C;B]

C=

1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
Changing Dimensions of Matrices

The following buit-in functions change the dimensions


or the configuration of the matrices.

reshape()
fliplr()
flipud()
rot()
reshape()-changes dimension of the matrix
fliplr()-flip the matrix from left to right
flipud()-flip the matrix from up to down
rot90()-rotates the matrix counter clockwise 90 degrees.
COMPUTATIONS ON VECTORS AND
MATRICES
Adding/ Subtracting Vectors
Multiplying Vectors

1× 𝑛 row vector can be multiplied 𝑛 × 1 column vector


with 𝑛 × 1 column vector can be multiplied with 1× 𝑛 row vector
Elementwise-Multiplication of Vectors.

This takes two Vectors of the same


dimensions and produces
another Vectors of the same
dimension as the operands, where
each element ( 𝑖) is
the multiplication of elements (𝒊)
in each vector.
Elementwise-Division of Vectors.
This takes two Vectors of the same
dimensions and produces
another Vectors of the same
dimension as the operands, where
each element ( 𝑖) is
the division of elements (𝒊) in each
vector.
Adding/ Subtracting Matrices
Multiplying Matrices
Inverse and Determinant of Matrices
Left and Right Division of Matrices

Left Division of Two Matrices A


and B : A/B
That is same as A* inv(B)

Right Division of Two Matrices


A and B : A\B
That is same as inv(A)*(B)
Elementwise-Multiplication of Matrices.

This takes two matrices of the same


dimensions and produces another matrix of the
same dimension as the operands, where
each element ( 𝑖, 𝑗 ) is the product of elements
(𝒊, 𝒋) in each matrix.
Elementwise-Division of Matrices.

This takes two matrices of the same


dimensions and produces
another matrix of the same
dimension as the operands, where
each element ( 𝑖, 𝑗 ) is
the divison of elements (𝒊, 𝒋) in each
matrix.
Elementwise-Power of a Matrix

This produces another matrix of the


same dimension as the operands,
where each element ( 𝑖, 𝑗 ) is
the power of elements (𝒊, 𝒋).
Transpose of Matrices.
Power of Matrices.
Matrix vector Product
Matrix Concatenation- Matrix can be created by appending
some matrices.
These concepts can be applied:
• For plotting graphs in MATLAB

• For solving a system of equations.

• etc,

2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 5
−3𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 9
8𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 2𝑧 = −4

𝒙 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

𝑦 = 𝑥2 9 4 1 0 1 4 9

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