Basic of web

1. Front-End and Back-End Languages:

In the world of web development, there are two essential categories of programming languages:
front-end and back-end. These languages work together to create the websites and web applications
we use daily.

Front-end languages are responsible for what users see and interact with directly. HTML (Hypertext
Markup Language) defines the structure of a webpage. CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) handles the
design and layout, making it look appealing. JavaScript adds interactivity and dynamic behavior to
web pages.

Back-end languages are behind the scenes. They manage databases, handle user authentication,
and perform various tasks necessary to make websites function. Examples of back-end languages
include Python, PHP, Ruby, and Node.js.
2. Basics of URL (Uniform Resource Locator):

A URL, or Uniform Resource Locator, is the web address you type into your browser's address bar
to access a specific resource on the internet. URLs are composed of several parts:

Protocol: It specifies how the web browser should communicate with the server. Common
protocols include "http://" and "https://" for regular and secure connections.

Domain/Host: This is the address of the web server hosting the resource. For example,
"www.example.com."

Port: An optional component that specifies the communication channel on the server. The
default for HTTP is port 80.

Path: It indicates the location of the specific resource on the server. For example, "/blog/page1."

Query Parameters: Optional data that can be sent to the server for customizing the request,
often seen after a question mark in the URL.

3. What is HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol):

HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol. It is the foundation of data communication on the
World Wide Web. HTTP is a set of rules and conventions that enable web browsers and servers to
exchange information. It facilitates the transfer of web pages, images, videos, and other online
resources from the server to your web browser.

4. What is HTTP Request:

An HTTP request is a message sent by your web browser to a web server when you want to
retrieve a web page or resource. It includes essential information like the method (usually GET), the
URL of the resource you want, and additional data like headers. When you press "Enter" in your
browser's address bar, it generates an HTTP request to the server hosting the web page.

5. What is HTTP Response:

An HTTP response is what the web server sends back to your browser in reply to your request. It
contains the requested data, such as the content of the web page, along with other information like
status codes, headers, and metadata. The HTTP response ensures that your browser can properly
display the web page you requested.
6. HTTP Request Methods:

• HTTP request methods are like commands your browser uses to communicate with the web
server. Some common request methods include:
• GET: Requests data from the server, like retrieving a web page or an image.
• POST: Sends data to the server, often used for submitting forms or updating information.
• PUT: Updates an existing resource on the server.
• DELETE: Asks the server to remove a resource.

Different methods serve different purposes, allowing you to interact with web services in various
ways.

7. Ping:

Ping is a network utility tool used to test the reachability of a host (e.g., a server or computer) on
an IP network. It also measures the round-trip time for data packets to travel from the sender to the
target and back. Ping helps assess network connectivity and response times. It's like sending a quick
"Are you there?" message and getting a response from the target host.
8. Three-Way Handshake:

The three-way handshake is a critical process when two computers or devices establish a network
connection, typically using the TCP/IP protocol suite. It ensures a reliable and synchronized
connection before data exchange begins. The process involves three steps:

• SYN (Synchronize): The first computer sends a synchronization request to initiate the
connection.
• SYN-ACK (Synchronize-Acknowledge): The second computer acknowledges the request and
agrees to the connection.
• ACK (Acknowledge): The first computer acknowledges the acknowledgment, and the
connection is established.

This handshake is like a polite conversation between two devices to ensure they're on the same
page before exchanging data.

9. Website Status Code:

Website status codes are standardized messages that web servers use to communicate with web
browsers or clients. These codes indicate the result of an HTTP request. Common status codes
include:

200 OK: The request was successful, and the server is sending the requested data.

404 Not Found: The requested resource is not available on the server.

500 Internal Server Error: Something went wrong on the server's side.

Status codes help diagnose issues and inform the client about the outcome of their request,
facilitating troubleshooting and interaction with web services. They are like concise messages from
the server telling you if your request was successful or if there was an issue.