© The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

THE HONG KONG POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Subject Code : EE3002 / EE3002A/ EE3002B

Subject Title : Electromechanical Energy Conversion

Session : Semester 2, 2022/23 Venue : SPH

Date : 29 April 2023 Time : 15:15 – 18:15

NC Cheung
Time Allowed : 3 Hours Subject Examiner(s) :
SX Niu

This question paper has a total of 6 pages (attachments included).

Instructions to Candidates:
Attempt ALL questions.
Put your Part A answers in the Green answer book and Part B answers in the White answer book.

Physical Constants: Nil

Other Attachments: Sheet of important formulae

Available from Invigilator: Nil

DO NOT TURN OVER THE PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

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Semester 2, 2022/23 Subject Code: EE3002/A/B

Answer all questions

Part A

Question 1

A cast steel ring has a circular cross-section of 3 cm diameter and a mean circumference of 80 cm. The
ring is uniformly wound with a coil of 600 turns. Refer to Fig. Q1 for the magnetization characteristics
of the cast steel. Neglect fringing and leakage

(a) Estimate the current in the coil required to produce a flux of 0.5 mWb in the ring. (5 marks)

(b) If a saw cut creates a 2 mm airgap in the ring, find the approximate airgap flux produced by the
current calculated in (a). (5 marks)

(c) Find the required current for this sawed ring to produce 0.5 mWb in the airgap.
(5 marks)

Fig. Q1
Question 2

Figure Q2 is an electromagnet solenoid.

𝑏𝑏+𝑔𝑔 𝜇𝜇0 𝑎𝑎2 𝑁𝑁2 𝐼𝐼 2

(a) Prove that the reluctance of this solenoid is 𝑅𝑅 = 2𝜇𝜇 2
and its inductance is 𝐿𝐿 = − (𝑏𝑏+𝑔𝑔)2
.
0 𝑎𝑎
(10 marks)

(b) Explain what will happen if a current is passing through the coil? (5 marks)

Fig. Q2

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Semester 2, 2022/23 Subject Code: EE3002/A/B

Question 3

A dc machine has a 4-pole wave-wound with 46 slots and 16 conductors per slot. The induced voltage
in the armature is 480 V when the machine is running at 1200 rpm.

(a) Determine the flux per pole. (5 marks)

(b) Suppose the flux per pole remains the same as in (a), but the induced voltage is measured to be
410 V only. Evaluate the leakage flux coefficient. (Hint: leakage flux coefficient = total
flux/useful flux). (5 marks)

Question 4

Draw the coils and armature connections of:

(a) A series dc machine

(b) A cumulative compound dc machine
(c) A differential compound dc machine
(d) A long-shunt dc machine
(e) A short-shunt dc machine (10 marks)

----- End of Part A -----

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Semester 2, 2022/23 Subject Code: EE3002/A/B

Part B

Question 1

A 2000-kVA, 11-kV, 3-phase, star-connected generator has a resistance of 0.3 Ω and synchronous
reactance of 5 Ω per phase.

(a) Calculate its voltage regulation when it delivers a full-load current at 0.8 lagging power factor at
rated voltage. (4 marks)

(b) Calculate the terminal voltage for the same excitation and load current at 0.8 power factor leading.
(4 marks)

Question 2

A Y-connected, three-phase 460-V, 60-Hz, four-pole, wound-rotor induction motor has the following
equivalent circuit parameters per phase:

R1 = 0.641Ω, X1 = 1.106Ω, R’2 = 0.332Ω, X’2 = 0.464Ω, Xm = 26.3Ω.

Answer the following questions based on an approximate equivalent circuit with neglected iron loss:

(a) What is the starting rotor current I’2, input current I1 and starting torque of this motor? (3 marks)

(b) What is the maximum torque of this motor? At what speed and slip does it occur? (3 marks)

(c) If the rotational loss is 350 W, what is the full-load efficiency? Consider sfull-load=0.05. (3 marks)

(d) When the rotor resistance is doubled, what is the new maximum torque and max slip? What is the
new starting torque of the motor? (3 marks)

Question 3

(a) List four conditions for synchronizing a synchronous generator. (4 marks)

(b) List three methods to increase the speed of an induction motor. (3 marks)

(c) Draw the V-Curve of a synchronous motor and describe what will happen to the power factor
if the excitation is varied from low (under-excitation) to high (over-excitation) value.
(5 marks)

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Semester 2, 2022/23 Subject Code: EE3002/A/B

Question 4

A 3-phase, 50-kW, 440-V, 50-Hz, 2-pole Y-connected induction motor has a full-load slip of 0.06.
Under full-load operation, the friction and windage losses are 520 W, the stator core losses are 250
W, and stator copper losses are 250 W. If the net mechanical output power is 50 kW and the rotor
core loss is ignored.

(a) Calculate the net output torque T. (2 marks)

(b) Find the mechanical power pm and airgap power pag. (2 marks)

(c) Find the rotor frequency in Hz. (2 marks)

(d) Find the motor efficiency. (2 marks)

Question 5

A 208-V, 60 Hz, 6-pole Y-connected class B induction motor was tested in the laboratory, with the
following results:

No load: 208 V, 22.0 A, 1200 W, 60 Hz

Locked rotor: 24.6 V, 64.5 A, 2200 W, 15 Hz
DC test: 13.5 V, 64 A
(Assume that X1=X’2)

(a) Determine the per-phase equivalent circuit parameters of the approximate equivalent circuit.
(5 marks)

(b) Draw the approximate equivalent circuit and mark the parameter values. (5 marks)

----- End of Part B -----

----- END OF QUESTIONS -----

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Semester 2, 2022/23 Subject Code: EE3002/A/B

Appendix
Important Formulae

1. Electromagnetic torque of a three-phase induction motor:

1 3V12 R2'
T=
1 2 (
2πns R + R ' s 2 + X + X '
1 2 ) ( )2
s
2. Slip for maximum torque of a three-phase induction motor:

R2'
sm =
R12 + (X 1 + X 2' )
2

3. Power/load angle relationship of a cylindrical-rotor synchronous machine:

E f V sin δ
P= W / phase
Xs
4. E.M.F. equation of an AC machine:

E ph = 4.44 K d K p ΦfT ph
5. Multiple angle identities:

sin (α ± β ) = sin α cos β ± cos α sin β

cos(α ± β ) = cos α cos β  sin α sin β

6. Torque of an induction motor under steady-state is:

3I 22 R2 3I 22 R2
T= =
sω1 ω2

7. First derivative of a function

u (x ) u ′( x )v( x ) − u ( x )v ′( x )
f (x ) = then f ′( x ) = .
v( x ) [v(x )]2

- END OF PAPER -

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