Types of Computer

We can categorize computer in two ways: on the basis of data handling capabilities and
size.

On the basis of data handling capabilities, the computer is of three types:

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o Analogue Computer
o Digital Computer
o Hybrid Computer

1) Analogue Computer
Analogue computers are designed to process analogue data. Analogue data is
continuous data that changes continuously and cannot have discrete values. We can say
that analogue computers are used where we don't need exact values always such as
speed, temperature, pressure and current.

Analogue computers directly accept the data from the measuring device without first
converting it into numbers and codes. They measure the continuous changes in physical
quantity and generally render output as a reading on a dial or
scale. Speedometer and mercury thermometer are examples of analogue computers.

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Advantages of using analogue computers:

o It allows real-time operations and computation at the same time and continuous
representation of all data within the rage of the analogue machine.
o In some applications, it allows performing calculations without taking the help of
transducers for converting the inputs or outputs to digital electronic form and
vice versa.
o The programmer can scale the problem for the dynamic range of the analogue
computer. It provides insight into the problem and helps understand the errors
and their effects.
Types of analogue computers:

o Slide Rules: It is one of the simplest types of mechanical analogue computers.

It was developed to perform basic mathematical calculations. It is made of two
rods. To perform the calculation, the hashed rod is slid to line up with the
markings on another rod.
o Differential Analysers: It was developed to perform differential calculations. It
performs integration using wheel-and-disc mechanisms to solve differential
calculations.
o Castle Clock: It was invented by Al-Jarazi. It was able to save programming
instructions. Its height was around 11 feet and it was provided with the display of
time, the zodiac, and the solar and lunar orbits. This device also could allow users
to set the length of the day as per the current season.
o Electronic Analogue Computer: In this type of analogue computer, electrical
signals flow through capacitors and resistors to simulate physical phenomena.
Here, the mechanical interaction of components does not take place. The voltage
of the electrical signal generates the appropriate displays.

2) Digital Computer
Digital computer is designed to perform calculations and logical operations at high
speed. It accepts the raw data as input in the form of digits or binary numbers (0 and 1)
and processes it with programs stored in its memory to produce the output. All modern
computers like laptops, desktops including smartphones that we use at home or office
are digital computers.

Advantages of digital computers:

o It allows you to store a large amount of information and to retrieve it easily

whenever you need it.
o You can easily add new features to digital systems more easily.
o Different applications can be used in digital systems just by changing the
program without making any changes in hardware
o The cost of hardware is less due to the advancement in the IC technology.
o It offers high speed as the data is processed digitally.
 o It is highly reliable as it uses error correction codes.
o Reproducibility of results is higher as the output is not affected by noise,
temperature, humidity, and other properties of its components.

3) Hybrid Computer
Hybrid computer has features of both analogue and digital computer. It is fast like an
analogue computer and has memory and accuracy like digital computers. It can
process both continuous and discrete data. It accepts analogue signals and convert
them into digital form before processing. So, it is widely used in specialized applications
where both analogue and digital data is processed. For example, a processor is used in
petrol pumps that converts the measurements of fuel flow into quantity and price.
Similarly, they are used in airplanes, hospitals, and scientific applications.

Advantages of using hybrid computers:

o Its computing speed is very high due to the all-parallel configuration of the
analogue subsystem.
o It produces precise and quick results that are more accurate and useful.
o It has the ability to solve and manage big equation in real-time.
o It helps in the on-line data processing.

On the basis of size, the computer can be of five types:

1) Supercomputer
Supercomputers are the biggest and fastest computers. They are designed to process
huge amount of data. A supercomputer can process trillions of instructions in a
second. It has thousands of interconnected processors.

Supercomputers are particularly used in scientific and engineering applications such

as weather forecasting, scientific simulations and nuclear energy research. The first
supercomputer was developed by Roger Cray in 1976.

Characteristics or applications of supercomputers:

 o It has the ability to decrypt your password to enhance protection for security
reasons.
o It produces excellent results in animations.
o It is used for virtual testing of nuclear weapons and critical medical tests.
o It can study and understand climate patterns and forecast weather conditions. It
can run in NOAA's system (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)
that can execute any type of simple and logical data.
o It helps in designing the flight simulators for pilots at the beginner level for their
training.
o It helps in extracting useful information from data storage centres or cloud
system. For example, in insurance companies.
o It has played a vital role in managing the online currency world such as stock
market and bitcoin.
o It helps in the diagnosis of various critical diseases and in producing accurate
results in brain injuries, strokes, etc.
o It helps in scientific research areas by accurately analysing data obtained from
exploring the solar system, satellites, and movement of Earth.
o It also used in a smog control system where it predicts the level of fog and other
pollutants in the atmosphere.

2) Mainframe computer
Mainframe computers are designed to support hundreds or thousands of users
simultaneously. They can support multiple programs at the same time. It means they can
execute different processes simultaneously. These features of mainframe computers
make them ideal for big organizations like banking and telecom sectors, which need to
manage and process high volume of data.

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Mainframe computers are designed to support hundreds or thousands of users

simultaneously. They can support multiple programs at the same time. It means they
can execute different processes simultaneously. These features of mainframe computers
make them ideal for big organizations like banking and telecom sectors, which need to
manage and process a high volume of data that requires integer operations such as
indexing, comparisons, etc.

Characteristics of Mainframe Computers:

o It can process huge amount of data, e.g. millions of transactions in a second in

the banking sector.
o It has a very long life. It can run smoothly for up to 50 years after proper
installation.
o It gives excellent performance with large scale memory management.
o It has the ability to share or distribute its workload among other processors and
input/output terminals.
o There are fewer chances of error or bugs during processing in mainframe
computers. If any error occurs it can fix it quickly without affecting the
performance.
o It has the ability to protect the stored data and other ongoing exchange of
information and data.

Applications of mainframe computers:

o In health care, it enabled hospitals to maintain a record of their millions of

patients in order to contact them for treatment or related to their appointment,
medicine updates or disease updates.
o In the field of defence, it allows the defence departments to share a large
amount of sensitive information with other branches of defence.
o In the field of education, it helps big universities to store, manage and retrieve
data related to their courses, admissions, students, teachers, employees and
affiliated schools and colleges.
o In the retail sector, the retail companies that have a huge customer base and
branches use mainframe computers to handle and execute information related to
their inventory management, customer management, and huge transactions in a
short duration.

3) Miniframe or Minicomputer
It is a midsize multiprocessing computer. It consists of two or more processors and
can support 4 to 200 users at one time. Miniframe computers are used in institutes and
departments for tasks such as billing, accounting and inventory management. A
minicomputer lies between the mainframe and microcomputer as it is smaller than
mainframe but larger than a microcomputer.

Characteristics of miniframe or minicomputer:

o It is light weight that makes it easy to carry and fit anywhere.

o It is less expensive than mainframe computers.
o It is very fast compared to its size.
o It remains charged for a long time.
o It does not require a controlled operational environment.

Applications of minicomputers:

A minicomputer is mainly used to perform three primary functions, which are as follows:

o Process control: It was used for process control in manufacturing. It mainly

performs two primary functions that are collecting data and feedback. If any
abnormality occurs in the process, it is detected by the minicomputer and
necessary adjustments are made accordingly.
o Data management: It is an excellent device for small organizations to collect,
store and share data. Local hospitals and hotels can use it to maintain the records
of their patients and customers respectively.
o Communications Portal: It can also play the role of a communication device in
larger systems by serving as a portal between a human operator and a central
processor or computer.

4) Workstation
Workstation is a single user computer that is designed for technical or scientific
applications. It has a faster microprocessor, a large amount of RAM and high speed
graphic adapters. It generally performs a specific job with great expertise;
accordingly, they are of different types such as graphics workstation, music workstation
and engineering design workstation.
Characteristics of workstation computer:

o It is a high-performance computer system designed for a single user for business

or professional use.
o It has larger storage capacity, better graphics, and more powerful CPU than a
personal computer.
o It can handle animation, data analysis, CAD, audio and video creation and editing.

Any computer that has the following five features, can be termed as a workstation or
can be used as a workstation.

o Multiple Processor Cores: It has more processor cores than simple laptops or
computers.
o ECC RAM: It is provided with Error-correcting code memory that can fix memory
errors before they affect the system's performance.
o RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks): It refers to multiple internal
hard drives to store or process data. RAID can be of different types, for example,
there can be multiple drives to process data or mirrored drives where if one drive
does not work than other starts functioning.
o SSD: It is better than conventional hard-disk drives. It does not have moving
parts, so the chances of physical failure are very less.
o Optimized, Higher end GPU: It reduces the load on CPU. E.g., CPU has to do less
work while processing the screen output.

5) Microcomputer
Microcomputer is also known as a personal computer. It is a general-purpose computer
that is designed for individual use. It has a microprocessor as a central processing unit,
memory, storage area, input unit and output unit. Laptops and desktop computers are
examples of microcomputers. They are suitable for personal work that may be making
an assignment, watching a movie, or at office for office work.

Characteristics of a microcomputer:

o It is the smallest in size among all types of computers.

o A limited number of software can be used.
 o It is designed for personal work and applications. Only one user can work at a
time.
o It is less expansive and easy to use.
o It does not require the user to have special skills or training to use it.
o Generally, comes with single semiconductor chip.
o It is capable of multitasking such as printing, scanning, browsing, watching
videos, etc.

FAQs on the Types of Computers

1. What are the Three Main Types of Computers?

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On the basis of data handling capabilities, the three main types of computers are:

o Analog computers
o Digital computers
o Hybrid computers

2. What is a Workstation?

A workstation is a kind of computer that can be used for software development, desktop
publishing, and creating engineering applications. Although a modest amount of
processing power is present in a workstation, it has relatively good graphical
capabilities.

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3. What do you Understand by the Term Mainframe?

A mainframe is often very expensive and a very large type of computer. These kinds of
computers have the potential to support hundreds and even thousands of people in one
go. Furthermore, programs can run simultaneously, and concurrent execution is possible
in mainframe computers.

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4. What are the advantages of Analog computers?

The advantages of Analog computers are that it represents the data within the system's
range and enables users for real-time computations. These as well carry out the
calculations without using transducers. Analog systems come in different types, such as
Hybrid computers, Digital computers, Castlerock, Electronic Analog computers, slide
rules, and differential analyzers. Each of these has advantages and drawbacks of its own.
Students who need a thorough explanation of each can go through these
on Javatpoint website.

5. What are slide rules?

The simplest analog computer system is the slide. It is used to carry out numerous
mathematical computations. These are made up of two rods. The rod slides off with the
marking on the other rod when there any calculations are made. In contrast, differential
calculations are performed using differential analyzers. These operate using a wheel and
disc system. Through Javatpoint, where correct explanations are given that are simple
for all pupils to understand, they can learn all the concepts easily.

6. What are digital computers?

All logical operations are completed quickly and efficiently by digital computers. They
work with digital or binary numbers. One of the numerous benefits of digital computers
is that they can store a large amount of data. Digital computers can simply add new
functionality. The cost of these computers is quite low, and the data processing is done
at high speed. The cost is quite low, and the data processing is done quickly digitally.
For further information about the different sorts of computers, students can consult
Javatpoint.

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7. What are mainframe computers?

The mainframe is a type of computer that can be characterized as an expensive and

substantial computer system. This is very powerful as they have the potential to support
numerous users at the same time. These also facilitate different program executions. It
provides great performance with extensive memory management and has a long
lifespan. Another advantage of using a mainframe is that errors are often quite
infrequent, but when they do occur, the system automatically corrects them. They also
have a wide range of applications.

8. What do you understand about Hybrid computers?

Digital and analog computers are combined in order to create hybrid computers.
Although the accuracy and memory are close to digital computers, the speed is similar
to analogue computers. Before the process, these kinds of computers take the analogue
signals and transform them into digital signals. These are typically used in specialist
applications that combine analog and digital data. Hybrid computers have the capability
to resolve complicated problems in real-time and contain a very high speed.

9. Which type of computer has two or more processors and it supports 4 to 200
users at one time.

A minicomputer is a multiprocessing computer of medium size. This type of computer

has two or more CPUs and can accommodate 4 to 200 users in one go.

What is the history of computer

processors?
The first computer was created in 1946 at the University of Pennsylvania. The
computer's CPU was an ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer). The
teams led by Alan Turing and John von Neumann invented the programming function,
which is now widely utilized. The von Neumann model is the backbone of contemporary
computers.

Microprocessor technology has advanced significantly since Intel's 4004, the first
microprocessor, was created. Here, we explore the prior events related to computer
processors. Since there are too many to mention, not all computer processors are
included.

Year of Event
Event

1823 Silicon (Si), the fundamental building block of modern CPUs, was discovered by Baron Jons Jacko
Berzelius.

1903 Electric logic circuits known as "switches" or "gates" were first patented by Nikola Tesla in 1903.
1947 On December 23, 1947, at the Bell Laboratories, William Shockley, Walter Brattain, and Joh
Bardeen created the first transistor.

1948 The first transistor was patented in 1948 by William Shockley, Walter Brattain, and John Bardeen.

1956 As a result of their work on the transistor, William Shockley, Walter Brattain, and John Bardee
received the physics Nobel Prize.

1958 Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce created the first functional integrated circuit. On September 12, 195
the first IC was shown. (Geoffrey Dummer is acknowledged as being the first to design and creat
an electronic circuit working model.)

1960 In 1960, IBM created the first automated widespread production plant for transistors in New York.

1965 Gordon Moore made a discovery concerning integrated circuits on April 19, 1965, which is no
recognized as Moore's Law.

1968 Gordon Moore and Robert Noyce established the Intel Company in 1968.

1969 On May 1st, 1969, Advanced Micro Devices was established.

1971 On November 15, 1971, Intel unveiled the Intel 4004, the first microprocessor in history, with th
assistance of Ted Hoff. The 4004 was a $200 chip with 2,300 transistors, 60,000 OPS (operations pe
second), and 640 bytes of addressable memory.

1972 On April 1, 1972, Intel unveiled the 8008 chip.

1974 In 1974, Motorola unveiled the MC6800, an 8-bit processor with a 1-2 MHz clock frequency, as th
company's first processor.

1974 On April 1, 1974, Intel released the 8080, an upgraded microprocessor chip that quickly became th
norm in the pc market.

1975 As a quicker and more affordable alternative to the Intel 8080, MOS Technology released the 650
processor in 1975. Computers like the Apple II and Commodore 64, as well as console video game
like the Atari 2600, made use of the 6502.
1975 In 1975, Panafacom introduced the MN1610 CPU. According to Fujitsu, the first single-chip 16-b
microprocessor was the MN1610.

1976 In March 1976, Intel unveiled the 8085 CPU.

1976 In July 1976, Zilog unveiled its initial microprocessor, the Z80. The Z80, an 8-bit processor, wa
initially created for embedded devices but is nevertheless found in numerous computers today.

1978 On June 8th, 1978, Intel released the 8086.

1979 On June 1st, 1979, Intel introduced the 8088.

1979 A 16/32-bit processor called the Motorola 68000 was introduced in 1979 and later incorporate
into the Macintosh Computer and Amiga systems.

1982 The first 32-bit general-purpose processor, the 32016, was made available by Nation
Semiconductor in 1982.

1982 On February 1st, 1982, Intel released the 80286.

1985 On April 26, 1985, Acorn Computers finished creating the ARM1 (Acorn RISC Machine 1), the fir
ARM processor design.

1985 In October 1985, Intel unveiled the first 80386.

1987 Sun was the first company to introduce the SPARC CPU.

1988 In 1988, the Intel 80386SX was released.

1989 In 1989, Cyrix introduced its first coprocessors, the FasMath 83D87 and 83S87. These were create
for 386 machines and were x87 supported. The FasMath coprocessors outperformed the Int
80387 processors by up to 50%.

1991 In March 1991, AMD unveiled the AM386 processor series. The Intel 486SX microprocessor, whic
retails for $258, was announced by Intel in April to assist the PC industry to adopt a less expensiv
 CPU.

1992 On March 2, 1992, Intel announced the 486DX2 processor, which has the capacity to double th
clock rate to produce faster-operating speeds.

1993 The PowerPC 601 was the first microprocessor to utilize the 32-bit PowerPC set of instructions.
was created by the AIM coalition, a collaboration between Motorola, Apple, and IBM. On March 2
1993, Intel made the Pentium CPU available. The 3.1 million transistor CPU has a clock speed of 6
MHz and costs $878.00. David Lin launched Rise Technology in 1993.

1994 On March 7, 1994, Intel unveiled the second version of their Pentium CPUs.

1995 In 1995, Cyrix introduced the Cx5x86 CPU to take against Intel Pentium processors. In Novembe
1995, Intel unveiled the Pentium Pro.

1996 In 1996, Cyrix unveiled the MediaGX processor. On a single chip, it coupled a CPU with video an
audio functions. On January 4, 1996, Intel announced that the Pentium 150 MHz with a 60 MHz bu
and the Pentium 166 MHz with a 66 MHz bus were both available. On March 27, 1996, AM
unveiled the K5 CPU, which had clock speeds ranging from 75 MHz to 133 MHz and bu
frequencies of 50 MHz, 60 MHz, or 66 MHz. The K5 was AMD's first entirely inbuilt CPU.

1997 In April 1997, AMD unveiled their K6 CPU family, which included 66 MHz bus rates and speed
ranging from 166 MHz to 300 MHz. On May 7, 1997, Intel released the Pentium II.

1998 On May 28, 1998, AMD unveiled their new K6-2 processor family, which had clock speeds rangin
from 266 MHz to 550 MHz and bus rates ranging from 66 MHz to 100 MHz. The K6-2 CPU was a
improved K6 processor from AMD. The Pentium II Xeon 400 (512 K or 1 M cache, 400 MHz, 10
MHz FSB) was the first Xeon processor that Intel released, and it was available in June 1998.

1999 On January 4, 1999, Intel introduced the 366 MHz and 400 MHz Celeron CPUs. On February 2
1999, AMD announced their K6-III processors, which had a clock frequency of 400 MHz or 450 MH
and bus rates ranging from 66 MHz to 100 MHz. Additionally, it had an on-die Cache memory. O
February 26, 1999, the Intel Pentium III 500 MHz was made available. On May 17, 1999, the Inte
Pentium III 550 MHz was made public. On June 23, 1999, AMD debuted the Athlon CPU line. Fo
the following six years, Athlon processors with frequencies varying from 500 MHz to 2.33 GH
would be manufactured. On August 2, 1999, the Intel Pentium III 600 MHz was made available. O
September 27, 1999, Intel announced the Pentium III 533B and 600B MHz processors. On Octobe
 25, 1999, the Intel Pentium III Coppermine line made its debut. The Athlon K75 CPU was unveile
by AMD on November 29, 1999. The K75 became the first CPU in history to operate at 1 GHz.

2000 AMD unveiled the 800 MHz Athlon CPU on January 5, 2000. On January 4, 2000, Intel announce
the Celeron 533 MHz with a 66 MHz bus CPU. On June 19, 2000, AMD originally offered the Duro
CPU, which had clock speeds ranging from 600 MHz to 1.8 GHz and bus rates ranging from 20
MHz to 266 MHz. Similar to the Athlon CPU, the Duron was created using the K7 design. On Augu
28th, Intel made a recall announcement for their 1.3 GHz Pentium III CPUs owing to a bug. User
who have these processors should get further info about the issue from their providers.

2001 Intel announced the 800 MHz Celeron CPU with a 100 MHz bus on January 3, 2001. Intel unveile
the 1.3 GHz Pentium 4 CPU on January 3, 2001. On October 9, 2001, AMD made a new brandin
announcement. The AMD Athlon XP CPUs would be designated as 1500+, 1600+, 1700+, 1800+
1900+, 2000+, etc., rather than by their clock speeds. Every additional model number correspond
to a faster clock frequency.

2002 The Celeron 1.3 GHz processor from Intel came with a 100 MHz bus and 256 kB of level 2 memory

2003 In March 2003, Intel Pentium M debuted. On April 22, 2003, AMD introduced the first single-cor
Opteron CPUs, which ran from 1.4 GHz to 2.4 GHz and included a 1024 KB L2 cache. On April 22
2003, AMD introduced the first single-core Opteron CPUs, which ran from 1.4 GHz to 2.4 GHz an
included a 1024 KB Cache memory. On September 23, 2003, AMD announced the 3200+ mode
the first Athlon 64 CPU, and the FX-51 variant, the first Athlon 64 FX CPU.

2004 On July 28, 2004, AMD announced the first Sempron CPU, which had a bus frequency of 166 MH
and a clock rate ranging from 1.5 GHz to 2.0 GHz.

2005 On April 21, 2005, AMD announced their first double CPU, the Athlon 64 X2 3800+ (2.0 GHz, 512 K
L2 memory per core).

2006 On January 9, 2006, AMD unveiled the Athlon 64 FX-60, a new CPU with a dual 1024 KB Cach
memory. On April 22, 2006, Intel unveiled the Core 2 Duo CPU E6320 (4 M memory, 1.86 GHz, an
1066 MHz FSB). On July 27, 2006, Intel released the first Core 2 Duo CPU, the E6300 (2 M memor
1.86 GHz, 1066 MHz FSB). In August 2006, Intel released the Core 2 Duo CPU for laptops, alon
with the Core 2 Duo T5500 and some other Core 2 Duo T series CPUs.

2007 In January 2007, Intel unveiled the Core 2 Quad CPU Q6600 (8 M memory, 2.40 GHz, and 1066 MH
 FSB). On January 21, 2007, Intel announced the Core 2 Duo CPU E4300 (2 M memory, 1.80 GHz, 80
MHz FSB). In April 2007, Intel unveiled the Core 2 Quad CPU Q6700 (8 M memory, 2.67 GHz, an
1066 MHz FSB). On April 22, 2007, Intel unveiled the Core 2 Duo CPU E4400 (2 M memory, 2.0
GHz, 800 MHz FSB). On June 1, 2007, AMD introduced the Brisbane line, the first in their ne
Athlon X2 CPU range (1.9 to 2.6 GHz, 512 KB L2 cache). On July 22, 2007, Intel announced the Cor
2 Duo CPU E4500 (2 M memory, 2.20 GHz, 800 MHz FSB). On October 21, 2007, Intel announce
the Core 2 Duo CPU E4600 (2 M memory, 2.40 GHz, 800 MHz FSB). On November 19, 2007, AM
introduced the first Phenom X4 CPUs (2 M memory, 1.8 to 2.6 GHz, and 1066 MHz FSB).

2008 In March 2008, Intel introduced the Core 2 Quad processor Q9300 and Core 2 Quad processo
Q9450. On March 2, 2008, Intel announced the Core 2 Duo CPU E4700 (2 M memory, 2.60 GHz, 80
MHz FSB). On March 27, 2008, AMD introduced the first Phenom X3 CPUs (2 M cache, 2.1 to 2.
GHz, and 1066 MHz FSB). In April 2008, Intel announced the Z5xx family, the first CPU in the Inte
Atom line. They have 200 MHz GPUs and single-core CPUs. On April 20, 2008, Intel announced th
Core 2 Duo CPU E7200 (3 M memory, 2.53 GHz, 1066 MHz FSB). On August 10, 2008, Intel unveile
the Core 2 Duo CPU E7300 (3 M memory, 2.66 GHz, and 1066 MHz FSB). August 2008 saw th
debut of three Core 2 Quad CPUs from Intel: the Q8200, Q9400, and Q9650. On October 19, 2008
Intel announced the Core 2 Duo CPU E7400 (3 M memory, 2.80 GHz, 1066 MHz FSB). The first Cor
i7 computer CPUs from Intel-the i7-920, i7-940, and i7-965 Extreme Version made available i
November 2008.

2009 On January 8, 2009, AMD made available the first Phenom II X4 (quad-core) CPUs (6 M memory, 2
to 3.7 GHz, 1066 MHz, or 1333 MHz FSB). On January 8, 2009, AMD introduced the MV-40 editio
of the Athlon Neo CPU (1.6 GHz and 512 KB Main memory). On January 18, 2009, Intel introduce
the Core 2 Duo CPU E7500 (3 M memory, 2.93 GHz, 1066 MHz FSB). On February 9, 2009, AM
introduced the first Phenom II X3 (triple-core) CPUs (6 M memory, 2.5 to 3.0 GHz, 1066 MHz, o
1333 MHz FSB). In April 2009, Intel unveiled the Core 2 Quad CPU Q8400 (4 M memory, 2.67 GH
and 1333 MHz FSB). On May 31, 2009, Intel introduced the Core 2 Duo CPU E7600 (3 M memor
3.06 GHz, and 1066 MHz FSB). First, Athlon II X2 (dual-core) processors from AMD were mad
available in June 2009 (1024 KB L2 memory, 1.6 to 3.5 GHz, 1066 MHz, or 1333 MHz FSB). On Jun
1, 2009, AMD made the first Phenom II X2 (dual-core) CPUs available (6 M memory, 3.0 to 3.5 GH
1066 MHz, or 1333 MHz FSB). In September 2009, AMD introduced the first Athlon II X4 (quad
core) CPUs (512 KB L2, 2.2 to 3.1 GHz, 1066 MHz, or 1333 MHz FSB). The i7-720QM, the first Int
core I7 mobile CPU from Intel, was made available in September 2009. It operates at 1.6 GHz, has
6 MB L3 cache, and utilizes the Port G1 port type. On September 8, 2009, Intel announced the i5
750 (8 M memory, 2.67 GHz, 1333 MHz FSB), the very first Intel core i5 computer CPU with a quad
core processor. In October 2009, AMD introduced the first Athlon II X3 (triple-core) CPUs.

2010 In January 2010, Intel unveiled the Core 2 Quad CPU Q9500 (6 M memory, 2.83 GHz, and 1333 MH
 FSB). The i5-430M and i5-520E were the first Core i5 phone CPUs announced by Intel in Januar
2010. In January 2010, Intel unveiled the i5-650, the first Core i5 computer CPU to exceed 3.0 GH
The i3-530 and i3-540, the first Core i3 desktop CPUs, were made available by Intel on January
2010. On January 7, 2010, Intel launched the i3-330M (3 M memory, 2.13 GHz, 1066 MHz FSB) an
i3-350M, the first Core i3 phone CPUs. On April 27, 2010, AMD unveiled the first Phenom II X
(Hexa/six-core) CPUs. The i3-970, the first six-core Core i7 desktop CPU from Intel, was introduce
in July 2010. It has a 12 MB L3 memory and operates at 3.2 GHz.

2011 In January 2011, Intel unveiled seven new Core i5 CPUs with four cores under the i5-2xxx famil
The A4-3300M and A4-3310MX, the first cellphone processors in AMD's A4 series, were mad
available on June 14, 2011. The A6-3400M and A6-3410MX, the first mobile CPUs in AMD's A
series, were made available on June 14, 2011. On June 14, 2011, AMD introduced the A8-3500M
A8-3510MX, and A8-3530MX, the first mobile CPUs in their A8 family. On June 30, 2011, AM
unveiled the A6-3650 (4 M Memory area, 2.6 GHz, 1866 MHz FSB), the first desktop CPU in their A
family. On June 30, 2011, AMD unveiled the A8-3850 (4 M L2 memory, 2.9 GHz, 1866 MHz FSB), th
first desktop CPU in their A8 family. The A4-3300 and A4-3400, the first desktop CPUs in AMD's A
family, were made available on September 7, 2011.

2012 On October 1, 2012, AMD introduced the A10-5700 and A10-5800K, the first computer CPUs i
their A10 family.

2013 On January 28, 2013, AMD introduced the Athlon II X2 280. It operates at 3.6 GHz and has tw
cores. On January 28, 2013, AMD introduced the Athlon II X2 280. It operates at 3.6 GHz and ha
two cores. The first BGA-1364-compatible Intel CPU with an Iris Professional Graphics 5200 GP
was introduced. It was launched in June 2013 and contains 6 MB of Memory space. It operates a
3.2 GHz.

2014 In April 2014, AMD unveiled the port AM1 design and accompanying processors, including th
Sempron 2650. In June 2014, AMD launched the A6 Pro-7050B, A8 Pro-7150B, and A10 Pro-7350
as their first Pro A series APU CPUs. They operate at 1.9 GHz to 2.2 GHz and have one or two cores

2017 The 1700, 1700X, and 1800X variants of AMD's initial Ryzen 7 CPUs were made available on Marc
2, 2017. They possess eight cores that operate between 3.0 and 3.6 GHz and a 16 MB L3 memor
On April 11, 2017, AMD introduced their first Ryzen 5 CPUs, the 1400, 1500X, 1600, and 1600
versions. They contain 4 to 6 cores operating at 3.2 to 3.6 GHz and an L3 cache of eight to sixtee
megabytes. The i9-7900X, the first Core i9 computer CPU from Intel, was introduced in June 2017.
has 10 cores, an LGA 2066 socket, clocks at 3.3 GHz, and has a 13.75 MB L3 memory. On June 29
2017, AMD launched the Pro 1200 and Pro 1300 variants of their first Ryzen 3 CPUs. They have
 cores that operate between 3.1 and 3.5 GHz with an 8 MB Memory space. The Core i9-7920X from
Intel, the first desktop CPU with 12 cores, was introduced in August 2017. It has a 16.50 MB L
memory and operates at 2.9 GHz. On August 10, 2017, AMD unveiled its first 16-core CPU, th
Ryzen Threadripper 1950X. It has a 32 MB L3 memory and operates at 3.4 GHz. The Core i9-7940
from Intel, the first desktop CPU with 14 cores, was introduced in September 2017. It has a 19.2
MB L3 memory and operates at 3.1 GHz. The Core i9-7960X from Intel, the first desktop CPU wit
16 cores, was introduced in September 2017. It has a 22 MB L3 memory and operates at 2.8 GH
The Core i9-7980X from Intel, the first desktop CPU with 18 cores, was introduced in Septembe
2017. It has a 24.75 MB L3 memory and operates at 2.6 GHz.

2018 The i9-8950HK, the first Core i9 phone CPU from Intel, was introduced in April 2018. It contains s
cores, a 2.9 GHz clock speed, a BGA 1440 socket, and a 12 MB L3 memory.

2020 On September 13, 2020, NVIDIA made the $40 billion acquisition of Arm official. On October 2
2020, AMD said it would pay $35 billion to acquire Xilinx.