CVEN 3303 Steel Structures

Assignment 2 – z5417478 (Kush Prajapati)

zID: z5417478

Span Effective D (mm) B1(mm) B2(mm) T w(mm) T f (mm)

length,
Le (m)
11 2.75 1100 400 200 37 44

i) The yield moment, M y

The formula for the yield moment:

M y =Z f y

f y =300 MPa
To find the elastic section modulus, Z:
Ix
Z=
y max

For I x :
 Consider the following diagram:

Figure 1: Annotated cross-section.

To find the second moment of inertia, I ,

x

the centroid in the y-axis is required. Hence:

y=
∑ Ay = (
( 200∗44 ) 1100−
44
2 ) ( )
+ ( 37∗1012 ) ( 550 ) + ( 400∗44 )
44
2
∑A ( 200∗44 )+ ( 37∗1012 ) + ( 400∗44 )

y=477.22 mm ¿ thebottom flange .

I x =I x1 + I x 2+ I x3
 3 3 3
b1 h1 2 b2 h2 2 b3h3 2
I x 1= + A 1 d 1 , I x2 + A 2 d 2 , I x3 = + A3 d 3
12 12 12

( 200 ) ( 44 )3
I x 1= + ( 200∗44 ) ( 1078−477.22 )2=3.18∗10 9
12

( 37 ) ( 1012 )3
I x 2= + ( 37∗1012 ) ( 550−477.22 )2=3.39∗109
12

( 400 )( 44 )3
I x 3= + ( 400∗44 ) ( 22−477.22 )2 =3.65∗10 9
12

10 4
Ix=I x1 + I x 2+ I x 3=1.02∗10 m m

To find the lowest elastic section modulus, according to the formula below, the furthest distance from the neutral axis to the
end of the flange must be considered. In this case, the furthest distance is from the neutral axis to the top of the flange.
Hence:

y max =1100−477.22=677.78 mm

Ix
Z=
y max
10
1.02∗10 7 3
Z= =16413047=1.64∗10 m m
677.78
M y =Z∗f y

( 1.64∗107 )∗( 300 )

¿ 6
10
M y =4923.91 kNm
 ii) The section capacity, M s :

To find the nominal section moment capacity:

M s=Z e f y
The slenderness of the section must be calculated to determine whether the member will fail due to
buckling.
Since the beam is flat element the section slenderness is equal to the element slenderness:

λ s=λ e = ( bt ) √ 250f
y

Consider the slenderness for each element, where:

)√ ( )√
200−37

(b
λ e1= 1
t1
fy
250
=
2
44
300
250
=2.029

The top flange is supported on one longitudinal edge and the assumption is made that the beam is hot
welded and there is uniform compression.

Therefore, the value for λ ey ( yield limit ) = 14

For the web:

λ e2=
( )√
b2
t2
fy
=
37
250 1012( ) √ 300
250
=29.96
The web is supported on both longitudinal edges and the assumption is made that the beam is hot
welded and there is compression at one edge and tension at the other, when the beam is subjected to
bending. Therefore, the value for λ ey ( yield limit )=115

For the bottom flange

λ e3=
( )√
b3
t3
fy
250
=(1012
37 ) √ 300
250
=4.519

The bottom flange is supported on one longitudinal edge and the assumption is made that the beam is
hot welded and there is uniform compression. Therefore, the value for λ ey ( yield limit )=14

λe λ ey λ e / λ ey
Top flange 2.029 14 0.1449
Web 29.962 115 0.2605
Bottom flange 4.519 14 0.3227

Consider the highest value for the slenderness ratio. Although, since that is the bottom flange which is
in compression, consider the second highest value for the slenderness ratio as buckling only occurs in
members that are under compression. Therefore, λ s=29.962 .

For λ sp, consider λ epfor the web, where λ ep=82=λ sp. Also, λ sy =λey =115.

It can be deduced that the section is compact as λ s ≤ λ sy

Hence for compact sections Z e=min ( S ,1.5 Z ) .

To calculate S (Plastic Section Modulus), the

plastic neutral axis must be calculated:

Assume that the AT = AC ,

x p=668.92 mm ¿ the top flange

To find the plastic section modulus, take the moment of the areas about the plastic neutral axis:

S= ( 200∗44∗( 668.92−22 ) )

(
+ 37∗( 668.92−44 )∗ ( 668.92−44
2 ))
+ ( 400∗44∗( 1100−668.92022 ) )

(
+ 37∗( 1100−668.92−44 )∗ ( 1100−668.92−44
2 ))=22889289=2.29∗10 mm 7 3

Hence, Z e=min ( S ,1.5 Z )=min ( 2.29∗107 ,1.5∗1.64∗107 ) =2.29∗10 7 m m 3

( 2.29∗107 )∗300
Finally, M s=Z e∗f y = 6
=6866.79 kNm
10
M s=6866.79 kNm

iii) The reference buckling moment, M o :

To find the reference buckling moment consider the following formula since the beam is mono-
symmetrical I section:

M o=
√( ){√[
π2 E I y
2
le
GJ +
( π2 E I w
2
le ) ( )(
+
β2x
4
π2E I y
2
le )] +
2 √ }
βx π2 E I y
2
le

Some of the terms need to be calculated:

β x =0.8 d f
[( )
2 I cy
Iy ]
−1 =0.8∗1056
2∗I cy
Iy
−1
[( ) ]
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
bi d i b 1 d 1 b2 d 2 b3 d 3 ( 200 ) ( 44 ) + ( 37 ) ( 1012 ) + ( 400 ) ( 44 ) 8 4
I y =∑ = + + = =2.68∗10 m m
12 12 12 12 12

I cy is the moment of inertia of the compression flange about the y-y axis.
Hence the flange that is under compression is the top flange, therefore
 ( 200 )3 ( 44 )
I cy = =2.93∗10 7 m m4
12
Hence for β x :

[( ) ] [(
2∗( 2.93∗10 )
) ]
7
2 I cy
β x =0.8 d f −1 =0.8∗1056 −1 =−660.0 5
Iy ( 2.68∗10 8 )
For the torsional constant:
1 3 1
J= ∑ t i bi= ∗( ( 44 ∗200 ) + ( 37 ∗1012 ) + ( 44 ∗400 ) ) =3.41∗10 mm
3 3 3 7 4
3 3

For the warping constant:

2
I w =ρ ( 1−ρ ) I y h

I cy 2.93∗10
7
ρ= = =0.1 1(2. d . p)
I y −I ty ( 2.68∗108−4.27∗106 )

I w =0.1093 ( 1−0.1093 )∗( 2.68∗10 8 )∗( 1056 )=2.9 5∗10 13 m m4 ( 2. d . p )

Substitute all the values into the equation: ( E=200000 MPa ,G=80000 MPa ,l e=2750 mm¿

M o=
√( ( 2750 )2 )
π 2 ( 200000 ) ( 2.68∗108 )
∗¿

{√[ ( )( )( )]
}
π ( 200000 ) ( 2.9 5∗10 ) π ( 200000 ) ( 2.68∗10 )
2 13
(−660.08 )2 2 8
( 80000 ) ( 3.41∗10 ) +
7
2
+ 2
( 2750 ) 4 ( 2750 )

√
+ (−660.08 ) π ( 200000 ) ( 2.68∗10 )
2 8

2 ( 2750 )2
6
10

M o=1 2460 . 52 kNm(2. d . p)

 iv) The beam member capacity M b, assuming α m=1.0:

M b=α m α s M s ≤ M s

The slenderness reduction factor α s :

[ √( ) ( )]
2
Ms Ms
α s=0.6 +3−
Mo Mo

[ √( ) ( )]
2
6866.79 6866.79
¿ 0.6 + 3− =0. 759913839
123 54 . 36 123 54 . 36

M b=( 1.0 )( 0.75776772 ) ( 6866.29 ) =5218 . 17 ( 2. d . p ) ≤ M s

v) The shear capacity of the unstiffened web, V v :

For an unstiffened web, the assumption that that stress is uniform is made:
Also since the it is an unstiffened web that is bounded by two flanges,

tw≥ ( 180d )∗√ 250f =( 1012

1 y
180 √ 250
)∗
300
=6.16 (2. d . p)

∴ t w =37 ≥ 6.16
Since
d p 1012
= =27.35 ( 2. d . p )
tw 37
82 82
= =74.86 ( 2.d . p )

√ √
fy
250
300
250
Hence,
dp 82
≤

√
tw fy
250
∴ V v =V u =V w

V w =0.6∗300∗A w
2
A w =37444 m m
 0.6∗300∗( 37444 )
V w= =6739.92kNm
1000
V w =6739.92 kNm