ByProf SHANTANU

CHAKRABORTY,PROFESSORTECHNOINDIA
UNIVERSITY

Problem Solving and Python 1

Programming
Strings: string slices, immutability,
string functions and methods, string
module

Problem Solving and Python 2

Programming
 Strings
• String is a sequence of characters.
• String may contain alphabets, numbers and
special characters.
• Usually strings are enclosed within a single
quotes and double quotes.
• Strings is immutable in nature.
• Example:
a=„hello world‟
b=“Python”
Problem Solving and Python 3
Programming
 Inbuilt String functions
• Python mainly contains 3 inbuilt string functions.
• They are
– len()
– max()
– min()
• len()- Find out the length of characters in string
• min()- Smallest value in a string based on ASCII values
• max()- Largest value in a string based on ASCII values

Problem Solving and Python 4

Programming
What is ASCII values

Problem Solving and Python 5

Programming
Example for Inbuilt string functions
name=input("Enter Your name:")
print("Welcome",name)

print("Length of your name:",len(name))

print("Maximum value of chararacter in your name",
max(name))
print("Minimum value of character in your name",min(name))

Problem Solving and Python 6

Programming
 OUTPUT
Enter Your name:PRABHAKARAN
Welcome PRABHAKARAN
Length of your name: 11
Maximum value of chararacter in your name R
Minimum value of character in your name A

Problem Solving and Python 7

Programming
 Strings Concatenation
• The + operator used for string concatenation.
Example:
a=“Hai”
b=“how are you”
c=a+b

print(c)

Problem Solving and Python 8

Programming
 Operators on String
• The Concatenate strings with the “*” operator
can create multiple concatenated copies.
• Example:
>>> print("Python"*10)
PythonPythonPythonPythonPythonPython
PythonPythonPythonPython

Problem Solving and Python 9

Programming
 String Slicing
• Slicing operation is used to return/select/slice
the particular substring based on user
requirements.
• A segment of string is called slice.
• Syntax: string_variablename [ start:end]

Problem Solving and Python 10

Programming
 String Slice example
s=“Hello” H
0
e
1
l
2
l
3
o
4
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1

Problem Solving and Python 11

Programming
 Strings are immutable
• Strings are immutable character sets.
• Once a string is generated, you cannot change
any character within the string.

Problem Solving and Python 12

Programming
 String Comparision
• We can compare two strings using comparision
operators such as ==, !=, <,<=,>, >=
• Python compares strings based on their
corresponding ASCII values.

Problem Solving and Python 13

Programming
Example of string comparision
str1="green"
str2="black"
print("Is both Equal:", str1==str2)
print("Is str1> str2:", str1>str2)
print("Is str1< str2:", str1<str2)
OUTPUT:

Is both Equal:
False Is str1>
str2: True Is
str1< str2: False
Problem Solving and Python 14
Programming
 String formatting operator
• String formatting operator % is unique to
strings.
• Example:
print("My name is %s and i secured %d
marks in python” % ("Arbaz",92))
• Output:
My name is Arbaz and i secured 92 marks in
python
Problem Solving and Python 15
Programming
String functions and methods
len() min() max() isalnum() isalpha()

isdigit() islower() isuppe() isspace() isidentifier()

endswith() startswith() find() count() capitalize()

title() lower() upper() swapcase() replace()

center() ljust() rjust() center() isstrip()

rstrip() strip()

Problem Solving and Python 16

Programming
i) Converting string functions
captitalize() Only First character capitalized

lower() All character converted to lowercase

upper() All character converted to uppercase

title() First character capitalized in each word

swapcase() Lower case letters are converted to

Uppercase and Uppercase letters are
converted to Lowercase

replace(old,new) Replaces old string with nre string

Problem Solving and Python 17

Programming
Program:
str=input("Enter any string:")
print("String Capitalized:", str.capitalize())
print("String lower case:", str.lower())
print("String upper case:", str.upper())
print("String title case:", str.title())
print("String swap case:", str.swapcase())
print("String replace case:",str.replace("python","python programming"))

Output:

Enter any string: Welcome to python

String Capitalized: Welcome to python
String lower case: welcome to python
String upper case: WELCOME TO
PYTHON String title case: Welcome
To Python String swap case:
wELCOME TO PYTHON
Problem Solving and Python Programming
String replace case: Welcome to python programming
1
 ii)Formatting String functions
center(width) Returns a string centered in a field of given width

ljust(width) Returns a string left justified in a field of given width

rjust(width) Returns a string right justified in a field of given width

format(items) Formats a string

Problem Solving and Python 19

Programming
Program:
a=input("Enter any string:")
print("Center alignment:", a.center(20))
print("Left alignment:", a.ljust(20))
print("Right alignment:", a.rjust(20))

Output
:

Problem Solving and Python 20

Programming
 iii) Removing whitespace
characters
Returns a string with
lstrip() leading whitespace
characters removed
Returns a string with
trailing whitespace
rstrip()
characters removed

Returns a string with

leading and trailing
strip() whitespace characters
removed

Problem Solving and Python 21

Programming
 Progra
m
a=input("Enter any string:")
print("Left space trim:",a.lstrip())
print("Right space trim:",a.rstrip())
print("Left and right trim:",a.strip())
Output
:

Problem Solving and Python 22

Programming
 iv) Testing String/Character
Returns true if all characters in string are alphanumeric and there is
isalnum()
atleast one character

Returns true if all characters in string are alphabetic

isalpha()

Returns true if string contains only number character

isdigit()

Returns true if all characters in string are lowercase letters

islower()

Returns true if all characters in string are uppercase letters

isupper()

isspace() Returns true if string contains only whitespace characters.

Problem Solving and Python Programming
2
 Progra
mstring:")
a=input("Enter any
print("Alphanumeric:",a.isalnum())
print("Alphabetic:",a.isalpha())
print("Digits:",a.isdigit())
print("Lowecase:",a.islower())
Output
print("Upper:",a.isupper()) :

Problem Solving and Python 24

Programming
 v) Searching for substring
Endswith() Returns true if the strings ends with the substring

Returns true if the strings starts with the substring

Startswith()

Returns the lowest index or -1 if substring not found

Find()

Count() Returns the number of occurrences of substring

Problem Solving and Python 25

Programming
 Program
a=input("Enter any string:")
print("Is string ends with thon:", a.endswith("thon"))
print("Is string starts with good:", a.startswith("good"))
print("Find:", a.find("ython"))
print("Count:", a.count(“o"))

Output:

Enter any string : welcome to python

Is string ends with thon: True
Is string starts with good: False
Find: 12
Count: 3
Problem Solving and Python 26
Programming
 String Modules
• String module contains a number of functions to
process standard Python strings
• Mostly used string modules:
string.upper()
string.upper()
string.split()
string.join()
string.replace()
string.find()
string.count()

Problem Solving and Python 27

Programming
 Example
import string
text="Monty Python Flying Circus"
print("Upper:", string.upper(text))
print("Lower:", string.lower(text))
print("Split:", string.split(text))
print("Join:", string.join(string.split(test),"+"))
print("Replace:", string.replace(text,"Python", "Java"))
print("Find:", string.find(text,"Python"))
print("Count", string.count(text,"n"))
Problem Solving and Python 28
Programming
 Output
Upper: “MONTY PYTHON FLYING CIRCUS”
Lower: “monty python flying circus”
Split: [„Monty‟, „Python‟, „Flying‟, „Circus‟] Join :
Monty+Python+Flying+Circus Replace:
Monty Java Flying Circus

Find: 7
Count: 3

Problem Solving and Python 29

Programming