ByProf SHANTANU
CHAKRABORTY,PROFESSORTECHNOINDIA
UNIVERSITY
Problem Solving and Python 1
Programming
Strings: string slices, immutability,
string functions and methods, string
module
Problem Solving and Python 2
Programming
Strings
• String is a sequence of characters.
• String may contain alphabets, numbers and
special characters.
• Usually strings are enclosed within a single
quotes and double quotes.
• Strings is immutable in nature.
• Example:
a=„hello world‟
b=“Python”
Problem Solving and Python 3
Programming
Inbuilt String functions
• Python mainly contains 3 inbuilt string functions.
• They are
– len()
– max()
– min()
• len()- Find out the length of characters in string
• min()- Smallest value in a string based on ASCII values
• max()- Largest value in a string based on ASCII values
Problem Solving and Python 4
Programming
What is ASCII values
Problem Solving and Python 5
Programming
Example for Inbuilt string functions
name=input("Enter Your name:")
print("Welcome",name)
print("Length of your name:",len(name))
print("Maximum value of chararacter in your name",
max(name))
print("Minimum value of character in your name",min(name))
Problem Solving and Python 6
Programming
OUTPUT
Enter Your name:PRABHAKARAN
Welcome PRABHAKARAN
Length of your name: 11
Maximum value of chararacter in your name R
Minimum value of character in your name A
Problem Solving and Python 7
Programming
Strings Concatenation
• The + operator used for string concatenation.
Example:
a=“Hai”
b=“how are you”
c=a+b
print(c)
Problem Solving and Python 8
Programming
Operators on String
• The Concatenate strings with the “*” operator
can create multiple concatenated copies.
• Example:
>>> print("Python"*10)
PythonPythonPythonPythonPythonPython
PythonPythonPythonPython
Problem Solving and Python 9
Programming
String Slicing
• Slicing operation is used to return/select/slice
the particular substring based on user
requirements.
• A segment of string is called slice.
• Syntax: string_variablename [ start:end]
Problem Solving and Python 10
Programming
String Slice example
s=“Hello” H
0
e
1
l
2
l
3
o
4
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1
Problem Solving and Python 11
Programming
Strings are immutable
• Strings are immutable character sets.
• Once a string is generated, you cannot change
any character within the string.
Problem Solving and Python 12
Programming
String Comparision
• We can compare two strings using comparision
operators such as ==, !=, <,<=,>, >=
• Python compares strings based on their
corresponding ASCII values.
Problem Solving and Python 13
Programming
Example of string comparision
str1="green"
str2="black"
print("Is both Equal:", str1==str2)
print("Is str1> str2:", str1>str2)
print("Is str1< str2:", str1<str2)
OUTPUT:
Is both Equal:
False Is str1>
str2: True Is
str1< str2: False
Problem Solving and Python 14
Programming
String formatting operator
• String formatting operator % is unique to
strings.
• Example:
print("My name is %s and i secured %d
marks in python” % ("Arbaz",92))
• Output:
My name is Arbaz and i secured 92 marks in
python
Problem Solving and Python 15
Programming
String functions and methods
len() min() max() isalnum() isalpha()
isdigit() islower() isuppe() isspace() isidentifier()
endswith() startswith() find() count() capitalize()
title() lower() upper() swapcase() replace()
center() ljust() rjust() center() isstrip()
rstrip() strip()
Problem Solving and Python 16
Programming
i) Converting string functions
captitalize() Only First character capitalized
lower() All character converted to lowercase
upper() All character converted to uppercase
title() First character capitalized in each word
swapcase() Lower case letters are converted to
Uppercase and Uppercase letters are
converted to Lowercase
replace(old,new) Replaces old string with nre string
Problem Solving and Python 17
Programming
Program:
str=input("Enter any string:")
print("String Capitalized:", str.capitalize())
print("String lower case:", str.lower())
print("String upper case:", str.upper())
print("String title case:", str.title())
print("String swap case:", str.swapcase())
print("String replace case:",str.replace("python","python programming"))
Output:
Enter any string: Welcome to python
String Capitalized: Welcome to python
String lower case: welcome to python
String upper case: WELCOME TO
PYTHON String title case: Welcome
To Python String swap case:
wELCOME TO PYTHON
Problem Solving and Python Programming
String replace case: Welcome to python programming
1
ii)Formatting String functions
center(width) Returns a string centered in a field of given width
ljust(width) Returns a string left justified in a field of given width
rjust(width) Returns a string right justified in a field of given width
format(items) Formats a string
Problem Solving and Python 19
Programming
Program:
a=input("Enter any string:")
print("Center alignment:", a.center(20))
print("Left alignment:", a.ljust(20))
print("Right alignment:", a.rjust(20))
Output
:
Problem Solving and Python 20
Programming
iii) Removing whitespace
characters
Returns a string with
lstrip() leading whitespace
characters removed
Returns a string with
trailing whitespace
rstrip()
characters removed
Returns a string with
leading and trailing
strip() whitespace characters
removed
Problem Solving and Python 21
Programming
Progra
m
a=input("Enter any string:")
print("Left space trim:",a.lstrip())
print("Right space trim:",a.rstrip())
print("Left and right trim:",a.strip())
Output
:
Problem Solving and Python 22
Programming
iv) Testing String/Character
Returns true if all characters in string are alphanumeric and there is
isalnum()
atleast one character
Returns true if all characters in string are alphabetic
isalpha()
Returns true if string contains only number character
isdigit()
Returns true if all characters in string are lowercase letters
islower()
Returns true if all characters in string are uppercase letters
isupper()
isspace() Returns true if string contains only whitespace characters.
Problem Solving and Python Programming
2
Progra
mstring:")
a=input("Enter any
print("Alphanumeric:",a.isalnum())
print("Alphabetic:",a.isalpha())
print("Digits:",a.isdigit())
print("Lowecase:",a.islower())
Output
print("Upper:",a.isupper()) :
Problem Solving and Python 24
Programming
v) Searching for substring
Endswith() Returns true if the strings ends with the substring
Returns true if the strings starts with the substring
Startswith()
Returns the lowest index or -1 if substring not found
Find()
Count() Returns the number of occurrences of substring
Problem Solving and Python 25
Programming
Program
a=input("Enter any string:")
print("Is string ends with thon:", a.endswith("thon"))
print("Is string starts with good:", a.startswith("good"))
print("Find:", a.find("ython"))
print("Count:", a.count(“o"))
Output:
Enter any string : welcome to python
Is string ends with thon: True
Is string starts with good: False
Find: 12
Count: 3
Problem Solving and Python 26
Programming
String Modules
• String module contains a number of functions to
process standard Python strings
• Mostly used string modules:
string.upper()
string.upper()
string.split()
string.join()
string.replace()
string.find()
string.count()
Problem Solving and Python 27
Programming
Example
import string
text="Monty Python Flying Circus"
print("Upper:", string.upper(text))
print("Lower:", string.lower(text))
print("Split:", string.split(text))
print("Join:", string.join(string.split(test),"+"))
print("Replace:", string.replace(text,"Python", "Java"))
print("Find:", string.find(text,"Python"))
print("Count", string.count(text,"n"))
Problem Solving and Python 28
Programming
Output
Upper: “MONTY PYTHON FLYING CIRCUS”
Lower: “monty python flying circus”
Split: [„Monty‟, „Python‟, „Flying‟, „Circus‟] Join :
Monty+Python+Flying+Circus Replace:
Monty Java Flying Circus
Find: 7
Count: 3
Problem Solving and Python 29
Programming
