MA550: Measure Theory

( Assignment 3: Measurable functions)

January - April, 2024

1. State TRUE or FALSE giving proper justification for each of the following statements.
(a) If f : R → R is continuous m-a.e. on R, then there must exist a continuous function
g : R → R such that f = g m-a.e. on R.
(b) If f : R → R is continuous and if g : R → R is such that f = g m-a.e. on R, then g must
be continuous m-a.e. on R.
(c) If f : R → R and g : R → R are continuous such that f = g m-a.e. on R, then it is
necessary that f (x) = g(x) for all x ∈ R.
(d) An almost everywhere vanishing Lebesgue measurable function need not be continuous.
(e) There exists a continuous function f : R → R such that f = χ[0,1] m-a.e. on R.
(f) Let f (x) = x1 if x 6= 0 and f (0) = 1. Then f is Borel measurable on R.
(g) For n ∈ N, define fn = χ(n,n+1) . Does there exist a measurable set E in R with m(E) = ∞
such that fn converges to 0 uniformly on E?
(h) Let f, g : R → [0, ∞) be Lebesgue measurable such that m{x ∈ R : f g 6= 0} = 0. Does it
imply that max{f, g} = f + g?
(i) Let supph = {x ∈ R : h(x) 6= 0}. Suppose f, g : R → [0, ∞) are such that suppf ∩ suppg =
∅. Does it imply that max{f, g} = f + g?
2. If (X, A) is a measurable space and A ⊂ X, then show that χA : X → R is A-measurable iff A
is A-measurable.

3. If (X, A) is a measurable space, then show that f : X → [−∞, +∞] is A-measurable iff
{x ∈ X : f (x) > r} ∈ A for each r ∈ Q.

4. Let D be a dense subset of R. Show that f : R → R̄ is a Lebesgue measurable function if and

only if {x ∈ R : f (x) > r} is a Lebesgue measurable set for each r ∈ D.

5. Let f : R → [0, ∞] be such that m∗ ({x ∈ R : f (x) ≥ 2n }) < 1

2n
, whenever n ∈ N. Show that
{x ∈ R : f (x) = ∞} is Lebesgue measurable.

6. Let fn , f be real valued measurable functions on R. Let E = {x ∈ R : lim fn (x) = f (x)}.

Show that E is Lebesgue measurable.

7. Let (X,A) be a measurable space and let f : X → R be A-measurable. For each x ∈ X, let
f (x) if |f (x)| ≤ 5,
g(x) = Show that g : X → R is A-measurable.
0 if |f (x)| > 5.
8. Let (X,A) be a measurable space and let f : X → R be A-measurable. For each x ∈ X, let
0 if f (x) ∈ Q,
g(x) = Show that g : X → R is A-measurable.
1 if f (x) ∈ R \ Q.
A) be a
9. Let (X, measurable space and let f : X → R be A-measurable. For each x ∈ X, let
 −2 if f (x) < −2,
g(x) = f (x) if −2 ≤ f (x) ≤ 3, Show that g : X → R is A-measurable.
3 if f (x) > 3.

x sin x1 if 0 < x ≤ 1,

10. Let f : [0, 1] → R be defined by f (x) =
0 if x = 0.
Find the Lebesgue measure of the set {x ∈ R : f (x) ≥ 0}.

11. Let (X, A) be a measurable space and let f : X → R be A-measurable. If g : R → R is

continuous, then show that g ◦ f is A-measurable.

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12. Let (X, A) be a measurable space and let f : X → R, g : X → R be A-measurable. If G is an
open subset of R2 , then show that {x ∈ X : (f (x), g(x)) ∈ G} is A-measurable.

13. If f : R → R is continuous m-a.e. on R, then show that f is Lebesgue measurable.

14. If f : R → R is a differentiable function, then show that f 0 : R → R is Lebesgue measurable.

15. Let f : R2 → R be such that f (x, .) and f (., y) are continuous then f is Lebesgue measurable.

16. Let f : R2 → R be such that f (x, .) is measurable and f (., y) is continuous. Show that f is
Lebesgue measurable.

17. Let f, g : (X, A) → R. Define ϕ(x) = (f (x), g(x)) . Then show that f and g are A-measurable
if and only if ϕ is A-measurable.

18. Let (X, A, µ) be a measure space with µ(X) < ∞ and let f : X → R be measurable. Let
An = {x ∈ X : |f (x)| > n}. Show that An is A-measurable and lim µ(An ) = 0.

19. Let f : X → R be an almost finite measurable function on a finite measure space (X, S, µ). Let
An = {x ∈ X : |f (x)| > n}. Show that lim µ(An ) = 0.

20. Let f : [a, b] → R be Lebesgue measurable. Let N = {x ∈ [a, b] : f (x) = 0}. Show that
g = χN + f1 χN c is Lebesgue measurable.

21. Let f : R → R. Suppose for each  > 0 there exists an open set O such that m(O) <  and f
is constant on R r O. Show that f is Lebesgue measurable.

22. Let f : R → R be a continuous one-one and onto map. Then show that f sends Borel sets onto
Borel sets.

2 1 if x + y ∈ Q,
23. Let Q denotes set of rationals. Let f, g : R → R be given by f (x, y) =
0 otherwise.
x

1 if y ∈ Q,
and g(x, y) =
0 otherwise.
Show that f and g are Lebesgue measurable.

24. Let f : R → R be Lebesgue measurable. Show that {x ∈ R : f is continuous at x } is Lebesgue

measurable.
 1
if x ∈ C \ {0},
25. Let C be the Cantor’s ternary set. Define f : [0, 1] → R by f (x) = x
0 otherwise.
Show that f is Lebesgue measurable. By letting C has a non-Borel measurable subset, con-
struct a Lebesgue measurable function which is not Borel measurable.

26. Let f : [a, b] → R be a continuous function and E be Lebesgue measurable E ⊂ [a, b]. Show that
m(E) = 0, implies m(f (E)) = 0 if and only if for every Lebesgue measurable subset A ⊂ [a, b]
the set f (A) is Lebesgue measurable.

27. Let f : R → R be defined by f (x) = sup{|x + y| : y ∈ [0, 1]}. Show that f is Borel measurable.

28. Let f : (X, S, µ) → R be measurable and B(R) denotes the Borel sigma algebra on R. Define a
set function µf : B(R) → [0, ∞] by µf (B) = µ (f −1 (B)) . Show that µf is a measure on B(R).

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29. If f : R → R is a bounded continuous function, then show that the function g defined by
g(x) = inf{|f (t)| : x < t < x + 1} is Lebesgue measurable. Does the conclusion hold if f is
bounded Lebesgure measurable function?

30. Let E ⊂ R with m(E) < ∞. Let fn : E → R be sequence of Lebesgue measurable functions such
that for each x ∈ X, there exists Mx > 0 with |fn (x)| ≤ Mx < ∞, ∀ n ∈ N. Then for each  > 0,
there exists a compact set K ⊂ E such that fn is uniformly bounded on K, where m(ErK) < .

31. Let (X, S, µ) be a finite measure space and f : X → R̄ be an almost finite S-measurable func-
tion. show that for each  > 0, there exists n0 ∈ N such that µ{x ∈ X : |f (x)| > n0 } < .

32. Let f : (R, M, m) → [0, ∞] be such that for each  > 0 there exists a Lebesgue measurable set
E ⊂ R with m(E) <  and f is continuous on R r E. Show that f is a Lebesgue mesurable
function.

33. Let E ⊂ R be Lebesgue measurable and m(E) = ∞. Define a function f : R → R̄ by

f (x) = m(E ∩ (−∞, x)). Show that f is a Borel measurable function.

34. Let g : [0, 1] → [0, 2] be a bijection with m(g(C)) = 1, where C is the Cantor set. Construct a
Lebesgue measurable function f on [0, 1] such that f ◦ g −1 is not Lebesgue measurable.