3$*(


3$*(
 3$*(

7 Translators, such as a compiler and an interpreter, are used when writing and running computer
programs.

Describe how a compiler and an interpreter translates a computer program.

Compiler ...........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

Interpreter .........................................................................................................................................

...................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................

.............................................
...
..............................................................................................................
..
..........................................................................................................................................................

..................................
.. ..
.....
....
.............
. .......................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................

.........
......
......................
..........................
. ...........
....
..........
. ......
. ..............................
. ................................
. ..................................
..........................................................................................................................................................

............
............
. .................................
. .......................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
[6]

© UCLES 2018 2210/11/M/J/18 [Turn over

 3$*(

8 Dimitri is writing a computer program in a high-level language.

He needs to send just the machine code for the program to his friend, electronically.

It is important that the program is executed as quickly as possible.

Identify which translator will be most suitable for Dimitri to use. Explain your choice.

Type of translator .............................................................................................................................

Explanation ......................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

...................................................
.........................................................................................................
..
..........................................................................................................................................................
[4]

9 maga
maga
magazine
e displays
An advertisement in a magazine displ
p ayys this barcode:

(a) Identify this type of barcode.

e

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Explain how the data stored in this barcode is read.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [4]
© UCLES 2018 2210/12/M/J/18
 3$*(

6 (a) Many programmers write computer programs in high-level languages. The programs need to
be translated into machine code to be read by the computer.

State two types of translator that can be used.

Translator 1 ...............................................................................................................................

Translator 2 ...............................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Explain two reasons why a computer programmer may choose to write a program in a high-
level language, rather than a low-level language.

Reason 1 ..................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Reason 2 ..........................
.........................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................

.................................
...
. ..................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................

...........
........
. ..
....
....
..................................................
. ....................................
. ..................................
. ..........................
...................................................................................................................................................

........
.........
...........
. ..............................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[4]

((c)
c) Thrree
Threeee xa
amp
mple
less of compute
examples ter code are given in the table.
te
computer

Tick () to show whether each

ea
ach example of computer code is High-level language, Assembly
language or Machine code e.
code.

High-level Assembly Machine

Computer code language language code
() () ()
10110111
11001100
01011100
FOR X = 1 TO 10
PRINT X
NEXT X
INP X
STA X
LDA Y
[3]

© UCLES 2018 2210/12/O/N/18 [Turn over

 3$*(

7 Six internet terms and six definitions are listed.

Draw a line to connect each term to a correct definition.

Internet term Definition

A program that allows a user to view

Browser
webpages

Internet Service Provider The main protocol that governs the

(ISP) transmission of data using the Internet

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol The website address that is typed into the
(HTTP) address bar

Uniform Resource Locator An address given to each device on a network.

(URL) It is provided by the network

A unique address given to a device on a

MAC addresss
ne
etw
twor
ork. IItt is p
network. ro
ovi
v ded
providedd by the
he ma uffac
an a tu
ure
rerr
manufacturer

A company that provides a connection to

IP a
address
dd
dress
ress
access the Internet

[5]

8 Describe the purpose of an inter

rrupt in a computer system.
interrupt

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................[4]

© UCLES 2018 2210/12/O/N/18

 3$*(

7 David is writing a program using a high-level language. The program will be published and sold for
profit.

(a) David uses an interpreter when creating the computer program.

State three features of an interpreter.

Feature 1 ..................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Feature 2 ..................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Feature 3 ..................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) David compiles the program

m when he has completed it.

Explain two benefits off ccompiling

om
mpiling the program.

Benefit 1 ...........
........
....
.....................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................

..
.............
.. ......... .....
.........................................
.......................
...................
..........
. ..............
.........
......
......
................
................................................................................................................................................... . ......
................

.....
......................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................

......
....................
................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................

Benefit 2 ...........................
..........................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................

.............................................
. ......................................................................................................
..
...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[4]

© UCLES 2018 2210/13/O/N/18

 3$*(

(c) The law company also uses optical storage.

Give three different examples of optical storage.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

3 ................................................................................................................................................
[3]

7 Annie writes a paragraph of text as an answer to an examination question about programming

languages.

8VLQJWKHOLVWJLYHQFRPSOHWH$QQLH·VDQVZHUE\LQVHUWLQJWKHFRUUHFWsix missing terms. Not all

terms will be used.

• Assembly
• Converter
• Denary
• Hexadecimal
• High-level language
langu
gu
uag
ge
• Low-level
Low-le
leve
ve
el language
lang
langua
nguage
ua
• Machine
Ma
ach
chin
ine
e Code
Co
Code
• Source
Sour
Sou ce Code
ur Cod
o e
• Syntax
Sy
ynt
ntax
tax
• Translator
T
Tran
ran
ansl
slat
slator
ato
or

The structure of language statem

ments in a computer program is called the
statements

....................................................
.................... . A programming language that uses natural
.......................................................................

language statements is called a ....................................................................... . When programs

are written in this type of language they need a ....................................................................... to

convert them into ....................................................................... .

A programming language that is written using mnemonic codes is called a

....................................................................... . An example of this type of language is

....................................................................... language.
[6]

© UCLES 2019 2210/11/M/J/19 [Turn over

 3$*(

2 A programmer uses a high-level language to write a computer program.

(a) Fourr statements are given about high-level programming languages.

Tick () to show if each statement is True or False.

True False
Statement
() ()
High-level languages need to be translated into machine code to run on a
computer
High-level languages are written using mnemonic codes
+LJKOHYHOODQJXDJHVDUHVSHFLILFWRWKHFRPSXWHU·VKDUGZDUH
High-level languages are portable languages
[4]

(b) Tick () to show which of the following is an example of a high-level language program.

Tick
Example program
()
1011100000110000
101
10111
100000110000
00
0000
011011100010
0000011011100010
INP
STA ONE
ONE
INP
STA TWO
TWO
ADD ONE
ONE
ON
a = input()
input()
in
b = input()
input()
in
if a == b:
print("Correct")
else:
:
print("Incorrect")
[1]

© UCLES 2019 2210/13/O/N/19 [Turn over

 3$*(

12

(b) Computer systems often use interrupts.

Five statements are given about interrupts.

Tick () to show if each statement is True or False.

True False
Statement
() ()
Interrupts can be hardware based or software based
Interrupts are handled by the operating system
Interrupts allow a computer to multitask
Interrupts work out which program to give priority to
Interrupts are vital to a computer and it cannot function without them
[5]

8 A company discovers malware on

o its network.

DOZD
DO
Explain twoZD\VWKDWWKHPDO Z UHFRXOGKDYHEHHQLQWURGXFHGWRWKHFRPSDQ\·VQHWZRUN
ZD
twoZD\VWKDWWKHPDOZDUHFRXOGKDYHEHHQLQWURGXFHGWRWKHFRPSDQ\·VQHWZRUN

.....................................
.......
....
...........
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................

..........
......
.........
.. ...................................
. ......................................................................
. .....................
...............................
..........................................................................................................................................................

.............
.....
. ....
. .........
.. ....
.......................
. .......................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................

..
....................
.............................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................

..................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................

...................................................
........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................... [4]

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2019 2210/13/O/N/19

 3$*(

10

9 Programs can be written in a low-level language.

(a) Identify three features of a low-level language.

Feature 1 ..................................................................................................................................

Feature 2 ..................................................................................................................................

Feature 3 ..................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) Give two examples of a low-level language.

Example 1 .................................................................................................................................

Example 2 .................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) Give one drawback of writing programs in a low-level language, instead of a high-level
language.

...........................................
.........................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................

.................................
...
. ............................................................................................................ [1]
.............................................................................................................................................

(d) A low-leeve
vell language
low-level la
ang
ngua
uage
ge needs
ds to
o be converted
co
onvertted to binary
onv bina
bina
nary before
bef
e ore
e itit can
can be
be processed
proc
pro esse
s d by a
comp
com ut
mp uter
e.
er
computer.

(i) G ive
ve tthe
Give he
e 8-bit
8-bi
8- biit binary vvalue
alue of the two denary values:

1 0 .....................................................................................................................................
18
180 ......................................................................................................................................

201 ............................
..........................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
[2]

Working space

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2020 2210/11/M/J/20

 3$*(

1 A Von Neumann model for a computer system has a central processing unit (CPU) that makes
use of registers.

(a) Identify three registers that may be used.

Register 1 .................................................................................................................................

Register 2 .................................................................................................................................

Register 3 .................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) The CPU is responsible for processing instructions.

One stage of processing instructions is the decode stage.

(i) Identify the two otherr stages of processing instructions.

Stage 1 ..............................................................................................................................

Stage 2 .......................
..........................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Identify the component

com
mpon
ponent of the CPU that is responsible for decoding instructions.

.....
.......
. ..
....
....
. ................................................
.. . ....................................
. ..................................
..................................................................................................................................... . ..................... [1]

2 Both an
n interpreter
inte
inte
int rp
rpre
rpre
ete
terr and
an
nd a compiler
compiiler can be used when writing a program in a high-level language.

((a)
a) Expl
pllai
ain
Explain n why
why a programmer
programmerr would
would make use of both an interpreter and a compiler.

...........................................
..........................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................
. ......................................................................................................
..
...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [4]

© UCLES 2020 2210/12/M/J/20

 3$*(

(b) Give three reasons why a programmer would choose to write a program in a high-level
language, instead of a low-level language.

Reason 1 ..................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Reason 2 ..................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Reason 3 ..................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[3]

3 A company collects and stores data about its customers. The data is stored on a server in the
company’s office.

The data is transmitted to cloud storage to create a back-up.

The data is encrypted using

g sy
ymm
m etric encryption before it is sent to the cloud storage.
symmetric

(a) Describe how the

e data
dat
a a is encrypted.
en
ncrypt
p ed.

..
.....................
. .....
.............................................................
....................
..........
. ..............
.........
......
.....................
................................................................................................................................................... . ......
................

.....
...
. ..
..................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................

......
................
. ....
................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................

...........................................
..........................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................
. ......................................................................................................
..
...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [4]

(b) Give three other methods that can be used to secure the data in the office.

Method 1 ...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Method 2 ...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Method 3 ...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[3]
© UCLES 2020 2210/12/M/J/20 [Turn over
 3$*(

(d) The computer uses a bootstrap.

Tick (9) one box to show the part of a computer of which the bootstrap is an example.

A application software

B firmware

C hard disk drive

D MAC address
[1]

5 A programmer uses a high-level language to create a computer program.

(a) (i) Identify two advantages to the programmer of using a high-level language instead of a
low-level language.

1 .............................
............................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................

2 ...................
.......
. .............................................................................................................. [2]
..
...................................................................................................................................

(ii)
i)) Sugg
Su gges
e t on
Suggest ne d
one isadvan
ntttage
n
disadvantage e to
o the
the
e programmer
pro
ogrram
mme
mer of
of using
usiing
ng a high-level
hig
igh
h-le
eve
vel
e language
lang
ng
guage
ua
a e instead
instead of
a low-level
low-le
lo leve
eve
vell language.
l nguage.
la

...
...........
........................................
....
....
. ..
. ..
....
. ..
.......
....
. ..
. ..
. ..
. ..
........
. ............
.. . ..
....
. .....
....
. ...........
.......
. .....
..........................................................................................................................................
..........
.......
....
..............
. .. [1]

(b) The programmer uses an

n integrated development environment (IDE) when creating the
computer program.

State what is meant by an ID

DE.
IDE.

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

© UCLES 2020 2210/01/SP/23

 3$*(


3$*(
2210/11 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2018
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

7 Compiler 6
Any three from:
mach
c in
ch
 Translates high-level language into machine code
co de/low
de
ne code/low ow
w level language
go
g o/a
/alllll at
 Translates (the source code) all in one go/all at once
on
nce
e
 Produces an executable file
 Produces an error report

Interpreter
Any three from:
– Translates high-level language into machine code/low llevel
evel
vel llanguage
anguage
an
 Translates (the source code) line by line/statement by statement ntt
– Stops if it finds an error
– Will only continue when error is fixed

Question Answer
An swer
wer Marks

8(a) Any fourr from: 4

3$*(

 Shines light / (red) laser at barcode

 Light is called an illuminator
Black
 Light is reflected back // White lines reflect light // Bl acck lines
liline
nes reflect less light/absorbs light
ne
 Sensors / photoelectric cells detect the light
values
 Different reflections / bars will give different binary valu lues
es / digital values // pattern converted to digital values
 A microprocessor interprets the data

8(b) Any three from: 3

 barcode identifies a (unique) product
databasse)
 barcode can be used to look up product (in a database)
 data about stock levels can be stored on a system
 stock can be automatically deducted from the system
le
 can check stock is below a certain level // check stockk level
 automatic re-order // Alerts when stock is low
 automatically update new stock level
another
othe
 to locate if an item of stock is available in anot h r location

© UCLES 2018 Page 9 of 12

2210/12 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2018
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

8 1 mark for correct translator, 3 marks for explanati

explanation:
on:
n: 4

– Compiler

Any three from:

compiled
– Does not require recompilation // compiled pro
ogr
gram
d program can
ra cann be
be executed without a compiler «
– ... therefore, allows faster execution
– Provides an executable file «
– « therefore, allows him to just send machine code
soft
ftwa
ftwa
– Dimitri’s friend does not need translation/compilation software
w re to execute the program

Question Answer
Answ
wer Marks

9(a) QR/Quick response 1

9(b) Any fourr from: 4

– Read/scanned using app (on mobile device)
image
– It is the camera that is used to scan/capture the imag ge
3$*(

alignment
– The three large squares are used to define the alignme mentnt //
// uses alignment targets/modules
more
– Black squares reflect less light // white squares reflectt more
re light
– The app/device processes the image
– Each small square/pixel is converted to a binary value e

Question Answer
Answ
swerr Marks

10(a) Any fourr from: 4

– Conductive layer
– An electrostatic/electric field is created
electrostat
atic
– Sensor(s) (around the screen) monitor the electrostatic field
e
ic field
finger
– When touched (electrostatic) charge is transferred to fi
oc
– Location of touch is calculated // Co-ordinates used tto al
calculate
alculate touch

© UCLES 2018 Page 8 of 10

2210/12 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2018
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

6(a) x Compiler 2
x Interpreter

6(b) Fourr from: 4

x Closer to human language/English «
read/write/understand
x « so it is easier/quicker to read/write/und errsttan
and
nd
program
x « so it is easier/quicker to debug the prog ram
am
x « therefore, less likely to make errors

x The program can be used on many different platforms «

x « because it is written in source code
x obj
b ec
ect
« because it is compiled into objectct code
code
co de

x They have built-in functions/libraries «

x « this saves time when writing the program

x Do not need to manipulate memory addresses directly

s di
d rectly «
x not
ot re
« therefore, specialist knowledge of this is no rrequired
quired
d
3$*(

x Only need to learn a single language «

x computers
pute
pu
« as this can be used on many different compu t rs

© UCLES 2018 Page 8 of 12

2210/12 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2018
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

6(c) 1 mark for each correct tick (9) 3

H gh-l
Hi -lev
-l e el
High-level Assembly Machine
Computer code lang
la ng
n guage
language ag language code
(9)
(9) (9) (9)

10110111
11001100 9
01011100

FOR X = 1 TO 10
PRINT X 9
NEXT X

INP X
STA X 9
LDA Y
3$*(

© UCLES 2018 Page 9 of 12

2210/12 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2018
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

8 Fourr from: 4
x Used to attend to certain tasks/issues
x Used to make sure that vital tasks are d dealt with
ealtt w ith immediately
im
mme
m di diately
CPU/processor
x The interrupt/signal tells the CPU/proces sor (that
so (ttha
(tha
hat
at its
ts attention
a te
at tent ntion is required)
attta
x A signal that can be sent from a device ((attached t ch hed
ed ttoo th
thee coccomputer)
omputer)
x A signal that can be sent from software (inst (installed
stal
st a led
ed o onn tthe
h ccomputer)
he o puter)
om
x The interrupt will cause the OS/current processproce essss to pause
pa
p aus
use
x The OS/CPU/ISR will service/handle the interrup interrupt
upt
uppt
x They have different levels of priority
x After the interrupt is serviced, the (previous) process is continue continued
ued
ueed
x It enables multi-tasking to be carried out on a ccomputer ompu
om p te
pu terr
interrupt
x A valid example of an interru ptt e.g. ‘‘out paper’
outt off pape r’’ message ffor printer
or a p riinter
t

Question Answer
Answ
wer
e Marks

9(a)(i) Two from: 2

x Data is transmitted one bit at a time
3$*(

x Data is transmitted using a single wire

x Bits arrive in order/sequence

9(a)(ii) Two from: 2

time/simultaneously
u ta
ul
x Data is transmitted multiple bits at a time/simul aneouslslly
x Data is transmitted using multiple wires
x Bits may arrive out of sequence/skewed (and a are
r reo
re reordered)
rder
derered
ed))
ed

9(a)(iii) 1 mark for each: 2

x Data is transmitted in both directions
x « at the same time/simultaneously

© UCLES 2018 Page 11 of 12

2210/13 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2018
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

7(a) Three from: 3

x It is a translator
levvell language
x Translates (high level language) to low level lan
ngu
guag ge
x Executes one line at a time
x Translates source code line by line
x Runs error diagnostic
location
x Produces error messages to tell user location n of
of error
errro
ror
or
x Stops execution when encounters errors
x Continues translating when an error is fixed

7(b) Fourr from (Max three per benefit): 4

x Produces executable file «

x « this creates a smaller file size
x « more saleable

x Program will be machine independent / portable

portabl
bl
be«
x hardware
« this means it can be used on any hardwaree
3$*(

x No need for compiler to run executable file «

x « this means it will be quicker to run
x « customers can just execute the program

x Source code cannot be accessed «

x plagiarise
ed
« therefore, code cannot be stolen / plagiarised

7(c) Three from: 3

x Uses compression algorithm / by example e.g. RL RLE
R E
identified«
x Repeating words / phrases / patterns identified d«
x « replaced with value
x File / dictionary / index of phrases created
x Index will store word/phrase with value

© UCLES 2018 Page 8 of 13

2210/11 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2019
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

7 1 mark for each correct term, in the correct place: 6

 Syntax
 High-level language
 Translator
 Machine code
 Assembly
 Low-level language

Question Answer Marks

8(a) Six from: 6

 SSL is a (security) protocol
 It encrypts any data that is sent
 It uses/sends digital certificates «
requ
ues
este
 « which is sent to the (buyer’s/user’s) browser // requestedted
te d by (buyer’s/user’s) browser
 « that contains the gallery’s public key
 « that can be used to authenticate the gallery
3$*(

will begin
 Once the certificate is authenticated, the transaction will beg
e in

© UCLES 2019 Page 13 of 14

2210/13 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2019
PUBLISHED

Question Answer Marks

2(a) One mark for each correct row 4

True False
Statement
(9) (9)

High-level languages need to be translated into machine

machine
ne code
code
d to
to run
run on
o a 9
computer

High-level languages are written using mnemonic codes 9

High-level languages are specific to the ccomputer’s

om
mpu
pute
ter’
te r s ha
hard
hardware
rdwa
rd ware
wa re 9

High-level languages are portable languages 9

3$*(

© UCLES 2019 Page 7 of 14

2210/13 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2019
PUBLISHED

Question Answer Marks

2(b) One mark for the correct tick 1

Example program Tick

Tick
k
(9)

1011100000110000
0000011011100010

INP
STA ONE
INP
STA TWO
ADD ONE

a = input()
b = input()
if a == b:
9
print("Correct")
3$*(

else:
print("Incorrect")

Question Answer
An swer
wer Marks

3 One mark for each correct term in the correct order 5

x Serial
x Parallel
x Serial
x Simplex
x Parallel

© UCLES 2019 Page 8 of 14

2210/13 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2019
PUBLISHED

Question Answer Marks

7(b) One mark for each correct row 5

True False
Statement
(9) (9)

Interrupts can be hardware based or software based 9

Interrupts are handled by the operating system 9

Interrupts allow a computer to multitask 9

Interrupts work out which program to give priority to 9

Interrupts are vital to a computer and it cannot function without them

hem 9
3$*(

© UCLES 2019 Page 13 of 14

2210/13 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2019
PUBLISHED

Question Answer Marks

8 Fourr from: 4
x A hacker could have hacked the network «
r
x « and downloaded the malware onto the network

x Clicking a link/attachment/downloaded a file from an

an email/on
em
maia l/onn a webpage
webpage «
x « the malware could have been embedded into the the
e link/attachment/file
lin
ink/
k at
atta
tach
tach
hme
ment
n /file

x Opening an infected software package «

x « this would trigger the malware to download onto the network

x Inserting an infected portable storage device

devi
de vice
vi ce «
x the network
« when the drive is accessed the malware is downloaded to the net
e work

x Firewall has been turned off «

x enterin
ing
« so malware would not be detected/checked for when enteringg network
ne

x Anti-malware has been turned off «

3$*(

x downloaded
wnl
« so malware is not detected/checked for when files are dow n oa
oade
d d

© UCLES 2019 Page 14 of 14

2210/11 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2020
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

9(a) Any three from: 3

− Closer to/is machine code
− May use mnemonics
− May need an assembler to be translated d
instruction
r ct
ru
− One line of code represents a single instru c io
on
− Machine dependent
locations/regi
gist
sterrs
st
− Have direct access to memory locations/registers

9(b) − Assembly code 2

− Machine code

9(c) Any one from: 1

− It is more difficult to understand
− Error prone
− Have to manipulate memory locations
− Machine dependent

9(d)(i) − 10110100 2
3$*(

− 11001001

9(d)(ii) − 000011111010 (must have leading zeros) 1

9(d)(iii) − 93 2
− 1D

© UCLES 2020 Page 11 of 11

2210/12 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2020
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

1(a) Any three from: 3

− MAR
− MDR // MBR
− PC // IAR // NIR // SCR
− ACC
− CIR // IR
− IAS

1(b)(i) − Fetch 2
− Execute

1(b)(ii) − Control unit 1

Question Answer
Answ
wer Marks

2(a) Any fourr from: 4

langu
uag
− To translate the high-level language into low-level language agee
3$*(

− Interpreter used whilst writing the program

− Interpreter used to debug code line by line
− Compiler used when program completed
co
omp
− Compiler used to create separate executable file (so compilermpilier no longer needed)
errors
orss
or
− If it runs first time in a compiler there are no syntax error

2(b) Any three from: 3

− Easier to understand // Don’t know assembly code
− Easier to debug
− Easier to maintain
− Portable
not required
− Knowledge of manipulating memory locations/registerss not r quired
re
− Can use an IDE
− Greater range of languages

© UCLES 2020 Page 4 of 10

2210/01 Cambridge O Level – Mark Scheme For examination
SPECIMEN from 2023

Question Answer Marks

4(c)(ii) x It can now process two instructions simultaneouslyy (where
(where suitable) 2
x … increasing the performance.
4(d) B 1

Question A
An
nsw
swer
err
Answer Marks
5(a)(i) Any two from: 2
x it is easier / quicker to read/write/understand
x it is easier / quicker to debug
x code is portable.
5(a)(ii) Any one from: 1
x arrd
not able to directly manipulate the ha dwa
ware
are
hardware
x may need to wait for translation before running
x program may be less efficient.
5(b) Software that provides useful functions for a programmer
err w
writing o puter program.
om
riting a ccomputer 1

Question An swer
wer
e
Answer Marks
3$*(

6(a) x It has electrical components. 2

x It is programmable.
6(b) Any two from: 2
x more efficient than a human
x more accurate than a human
x can lift larger and heavier equipment than a human
x environm
nment
nm
can replace humans working in a dangerous environment
x reduces running costs, such as wages and overh ea
ads
overheads
x can produce consistent results/output
x akks.
can work 24 hours a day // do not need to take break s
breaks.

Question Answ
wer
e
Answer Marks
7(a) x nted
nt
All the characters and symbols that can be represent
representede by a co
omp
puter system.
computer 2
x val
allue
Each character and symbol is assigned a unique value.ue.
7(b) Each character is encoded using more bits. 1
© UCLES 2020 Page 7 of 10