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DAY 1 and 2 Compiled

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14 views29 pages

DAY 1 and 2 Compiled

Uploaded by

Santanu Jana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Class - 8 Day - 2

Computer
What is computer
A computer is a programmable electronic
device that accepts raw data as input and
processes it with a set of instructions (a
program) to produce the result as output. It
renders output just after performing
mathematical and logical operations and can
save the output for future use. Input and
output data may contain numbers , words ,
videos , pictures and sounds .
A computer system consists of hardware and software. Software is the
information that is stored in the system. The hardware components are the
physical parts of computer .
Computer

CPU
(Central processing unit)
Input Output
device device
CU ALU
Memory (arithmetic logic unit)
(Control unit)
Keyboard Monitor
Primary Secondary
Mouse memory memory
Projector

Scanner RAM ROM Printer

Microphone HDD DVD CD Speaker


Input device

• A piece of equipment/hardware
which helps us enter data into a
computer is called an input
device. For example : keyboard,
mouse, etc.
Output device

• A piece of equipment/hardware
which gives out the result of the
entered input is called an
output device. For example :
printer, monitor, etc.
CPU

• CU (control unit) - A control


unit (CU) handles all
processor control signals. It
directs all input and output
flow.
• ALU(Arithmetic logic unit )
– ALU is a digital circuit
used to perform arithmetic
( + , - , * , / ) and logic
operations.
CPU
Memory

1. Primary Memory : Primary Memory is the


internal memory that stores the data and
instructions of the CPU. It is volatile in nature
(data is lost when the power is disconnected).

RAM and ROM are the main two types of primary memory.
1. Primary Memory

• RAM (Random Access Memory) -


RAM stands for random access
memory. It is called “random
access” because the technology
allows the computer to temporarily
store and access data immediately.
1. Primary Memory

• ROM(Read Only Memory) -


Read Only Memory (ROM) is a
type of computer memory that
is used to permanently store
data that can not be modified .
Memory

2. Secondary Memory : Secondary memory is computer


memory that is non-volatile, persistent and not
immediately accessible by a computer or processor.
Example – HDD, DVD , CD

• it can be accessed or retrieved even after the computer


is turned off.
• It can store data and programs for extended periods of
time.
HDD - Hard Disk Drive CD - Compact Disk DVD - Digital Versatile Disk
Number system
Number System

Non-Positional Number System Positional Number System

Decimal, Binary, Octal and


Roman Number System
Hexadecimal Number System
Number System

Decimal Binary Octal Hexadecimal


number number number number

Base 10 Base 2 Base 8 Base 16


( ) 10 ( )2 ( )8 ( ) 16
Decimal number Binary number Octal number Hexadecimal number
( ) 10 ( )2 ( )8 ( ) 16

0 0 0 0 10 A
1 1 1 1 11 B
2 2 2 12 C
3 3 3 13 D
4 4 4 14 E
5 5 5 15 F
6 6 6
7 7 7
8 8
9 9
Conversions
A . Decimal to binary Conversion
A . Decimal to binary Conversion
(15)10 = (?)2 (16)10 = (?)2
A . Decimal to binary Conversion
(47)10 = (?)2 (64)10 = (?)2
A . Decimal to binary Conversion
(100)10 = (?)2
A . Decimal to binary Conversion
A(2) . binary to Decimal Conversion
Formula : ……23 x N + 22 x N + 21 x N + 20 x N
A(2) . binary to Decimal Conversion
Formula : ……23 x N + 22 x N + 21 x N + 20 x N
A(2) . binary to Decimal Conversion
Formula : ……23 x N + 22 x N + 21 x N + 20 x N

(100)2 = (?)10 (10)2 = (?)10


A(2) . binary to Decimal Conversion
Formula : ……23 x N + 22 x N + 21 x N + 20 x N

(111)2 = (?)10 (1101)2 = (?)10


A(2) . binary to Decimal Conversion
Formula : ……23 x N + 22 x N + 21 x N + 20 x N

(1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1)2 = (?)10
A(2) . binary to Decimal Conversion
Formula : ……23 x N + 22 x N + 21 x N + 20 x N

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