Atomic Structure & Nuclear Chemistry

SOLUTIONS OF ATOMIC STRUCTURE & NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY

EXERCISE # 1

PART - I
4 3 4 22
A-2. Space occupied by the nucleus = r = × × (3.5 × 10–15)3 = 1.8 × 10–43 m3
3 3 7

4
Vnucleus r13  1.5  10–15 
3
3 =  = 2.7 × 10–14
–10 
A-3. =
Vatom 4 3  0.5  10 
r2
3

A-4. (A) R = R0 A1/3 = 1.3 × 10–15 × (125)1/3 = 6.5 × 10–15 m

4 KZe2
(B) r= , Z = 47 for Silver atom 
m v 2
188 Ke2
 r=
m v 2

 6.625  10 –34  3  108 

B-1. Total energy = No of photons × Energy of one photon = 100 ×  
 2000  10 –10 
9.937  10–17
= 9.937 × 10–17 J = eV = 621.1 eV
1.6  10–19

B-2. Let number of photoelectrons emitted per second be n

 n × Energy of one photon = Total energy emitted
12400
 n× × 1.6 × 10–19 = 5 × 10–3
(Å)
12400
 n× × 1.6 × 10–19 = 5 × 10–3
6200
On solving, n = 1.56 × 1016 photoelectrons.

B-3. C = 
c 3  108
= = = 219.3 m
 1368  103
1 1
 = = = 4.56 × 10–3 m–1
 219.3

hc 6.625  10–34  3  108  6.022  1023

B-4. E= × NA = J/mol = 239.4 KJ/mol
 5000  10–10

B-5.  n × Energy of one photon = Total energy

6.6  10–34  3  108
n× = 3.15 × 10–14
850  10–9
 n = 1.35 × 105 photons

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B-6. Let n be the no. of photons emitted by bulbs per second & W be wattage of yellow bulb.
For Red bulb no. of photons emitted per second × Energy of one photon = total energy
12400
 n× × 1.6 × 10–19 = 100 .........(1)
8000
12400
For yellow bulb, n × × 1.6 × 10–19 = W .........(2)
4000
By (1) and (2), W = 200 watts.

B-7. For frequency 2.5 × 1016 Hz, h = hKEmax

 h (2.5 × 1016) = h + KEmax ...........(1)
For frequency 4 × 1016 Hz,
h (4 × 1016) = ho + 2 KEmax ..........(2)
Multiply eqn (1) by 2 and subtract eqn (2) from it.
 2 ho – ho = h (5.0 × 1016 – 4 × 1016)
 ho = h (1 × 1016)
 threshold frequency, o = 1 × 1016 Hz

C-1. Radius of ground state of hydrogen atom = 0.529 Å

n2
So, 0.529 = 0.529 ×
Z
n2
0.529 = 0.529 ×   n=2
4

 Z
C-2. v3 = v1 ×  
 n
 1
v3 = 2.18 × 106 ×   = 7.27 × 105 m/s
 3

nh
C-3. Angular momentum,  = mvr =  n
2
n2
Radius, r = 0.529 Å  r n2 For same Z
z
z 1
Velocity, v = 2.18 × 106 m/s  v
n n
1
 v r   n × n2 ×
n
But, v r   nx (given)
 n2 = nx  x=2

 n3   23 
 2  2
THe   Z  He 2  9
C-4. = = =
TLi2   n3   43  32
 2  2
 Z  Li2  3 

C-5. x: n=3 to n = 1 (12.09 eV)

y: n=4 to n = 2 (2.55 eV)
z: n=5 to n = 3 (0.967 eV)
Shortest wavelength  maximum energy n = 3 to n = 1 (12.09 eV)

C-6. Clearly, E4 – E2 = (– 0.85) – (– 3.4) = 2.55 eV  A =2, B = 4

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C-7. (a) 16.52 = (E3 – E2) × Z2
16.52 = 1.89 × Z2  Z2 = 9 or Z=3
(b) (E3 – E1)Z = 12.09 × Z = 12.09 × 9 = 108.81 eV
2

12400 12400
(c)  = = = 101.3 Å = 1.013 × 10–8 m,
E1 13.6  32
(d) KE1 = 13.6 Z2 eV = 13.6 × 32 = 122.4 eV

C-8. 40.8 =  E)21 × Z2

 40.8 = 10.2 × Z2
 Z2 = 4 or Z=2
IE = 13.6 Z2 = 13.6 × 4 = 54.4 eV

12400 12400
D-1. 32 = = = 6561 Å ;
E32 1.89
12400 12400
42 = = = 4863 Å
E 4  2 2.55

1 1 1 1 1 1
D-2. = R(1)2  2 – 2  & = R(2)2  – 
H 1 2  He  n12 n22 
But H = He
 from above 2 equations, n1 = 2 & n2 = 4.

D-3. E62 = h
3.022  1.6  10–19
= = 7.3 × 1014 Hz
6.625  10–34
This frequency lies in visible spectrum.

hc 12400 124
D-4. E= = = = 13.6 Z2
 300 3
124  1
 = 13.6Z2 1– 
3  4
 Z=2

D-5.

But, (H2)2  1 = (He+)4  2 = (Li2+)6  3 are lines of same energy and so, will overlap each other.
 Total no. of lines observed = (1 + 6 + 15) – 2 = 20 lines.

E-1. Energy absorbed = 1.5 × 13.6 = 20.4 eV.

Energy used up in escaping = 13.6 eV
 Energy left as KE with electron = 20.4 – 13.6 = 6.8 eV
12.27
 Associated de-Broglie wavelength,  = = 4.71 Å.
6.8

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E-2. Debroglie wavelength associated with particle of mass (m) moving with velocity (v) is
h
=
mv
h h
p = and e =
mp v p me v e
h h
Given, p = e  =  mp vp = me ve
mp v p me v e
ve mp
= = 1836  ve = 1836 vp
vp me
It means when velocity of electron will be 1836 times velocity of proton, then debroglie wavelength
associated with electron would be equal to debroglie wavelength associated with proton.

h k h k h k
E-3. 1 = = , 2 = = , 3 = =
2mq (100) 10 2mq(81) 9 2mq(49) 7
k k
–
3  2   20
=  7 9 =
1 
k
 63
 10 

E-4. Initial kinetic energy, KEi = 2 eV

Increase in KE due to acceleration = q × V = e × 2v = 2eV.
 Final kinetic energy, KEf = 2 + 2 = 4 eV.
12.27
 Associated de-Broglie wavelength,  = = 6.15 Å.
4

h 6.625  1034
E-5. m= = Ans.  100 gm
4xv 4  3.14  1010  5.27  1024

F-1. Number of radial nodes = n –  – 1

number of angular nodes = 
total nodes = n – 1

G-1. Ni Atomic No : 28
Ni : [Ar] 3d8 4a2 ; Ni2+ [Ar] 3d8 4s0
No. of unpairecd electron = 2

G-2. Atomic No. 56

Electronic configuration : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2.

G-3. (a) n = 3 ,  = 1  3p (b) n = 5 ,  = 2  5d (c) n = 4 ,  = 1  4p

(d) n = 2 ,  = 0  2s (e) n = 4 ,  = 2  4d

h
G-4. Orbital angular momentum = (  1)
2
h
For 4s orbital,  = 0  Angular momentum = 0 (0  1)
= 0.
2
h h
For 3p orbital,  = 1  Angular momentum = 1 (1  1) = .
2 2
nh 4h 2h
For 4th orbit, Angular momentum = = = .
2 2 
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G-5. (i)  = 0  m = 0 (m  1) (iii) n = 1  = 0 (  2) (vi) s = + 1/2 or – 1/2 (s  0)

G-6. (i) 26Fe3+ : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5

It contains 5 unpaired electrons  n = 5
n 5
 Total spin = ± =±
2 2
Magnetic moment = n(n  2) = 5(5  2) = 35 BM.
(ii) 29Cu+ : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10
It contains 0 unpaired electron
 Total spin = 0.
 Spin magnetic Moment = 0.

H-1.  E = m × 931.478
E 17.25
 m = = = 0.0185 amu
931.478 931.478
m = 3.07 × 10–26 g.

H-5. Nuclear fission is a series reaction 3, 9, 27.......neutron and E, 3E, 9E......energy are emitted.
Hence answer is 3n, 3n – 1E.

PART - II
A-1. Hydrogen atom contains 1 proton, 1 electron and no neutrons.

A-2. It constitute of electron.

 e / me e / me 3672
A-3. = =
 e / m  2e / 4  1836 m e 1

A-4. Factual.

Volume of nucleus (4 / 3) (1013 )3

A-5. Volume fraction = = = 10–15
Total vol. of atom (4 / 3) (108 )3

A-6. R = R0 A1/3 = 1.3 × 641/3 = 5.2 fm

c 3  108
B-1. = = = 0.75 m
 400  106

B-2. Violet colour has minimum wavelength so maximum energy.

hC
B-3. I.E. of one sodium atom =

hC 6.62  1034  3  108  6.02  10 23
& I.E. of one mole Na atom = NA = = 494.65 kJ.mol.
 242  109

nhC 80 n  6.62  10 34  3  108

B-4. Power =  40 × =  n = 2 × 1021
t 100 620  109  20

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hc hc
B-5. For photoelectric effect to take place, Elight  W    or   0.
 0

B-6. Photoelectric effect is a random phenomena. So, electron It may come out with a kinetic energy less
than (h – w) as some energy is lost while escaping out.

 n2 
C-1. r   As Z increases, radius of I orbit decreases.
 Z

n2
C-2. Radius = 0.529 Å = 10 × 10–9 m
Z
So, n2 = 189 or, n  14 Ans.

12 22
C-3. E1 (H) = – 13.6 × = – 13.6 eV ; E2 (He+) = – 13.6 × = – 13.6 eV
12 22
32 42
E3 (Li2+) = – 13.6 × = – 13.6 eV ; E4 (Be3+) = – 13.6 × = – 13.6 eV
32 42
 E1(H) = E2(He+) = E3 (Li2+) = E4(Be3+)

Z
C-4. V = 2.188 × 106 m/s
n
Z VLi2  Z1 / n1 3/3
Now, V so, =– = =1 or, VLi2 = VH
n VH Z 2 / n2 1/1

C-5. r1 – r2 = 24 × (r1)H
0.529  n12 0.529  n22
– = 24 × 0.529
1 1
 n 2
1 
– n22 = 24
So, n1 = 5 and n2 = 1

C-6. (a) Energy of ground state of He+ = – 13.6 × 22 = – 54.4 eV (iv)

(b) Potential energy of  orbit of H-atom = – 27.2 × 12 = – 27.2 eV (ii)
22
(c) Kinetic energy of  excited state of He+ = 13.6 × = 6.04 eV (i)
32
(d) Ionisation potential of He+ = 13.6 × 22 = 54.4 V (iii)

C-7. S1 : Potential energy of the two opposite charge system decreases with decrease in distance,
S4 : The energy of Ist excited state of He+ ion = – 3.4 Z2 = – 3.4 × 22 = – 13.6 eV.
S2 and S3 are correct statement.

Z2 (1)2
D-1. En = E1 E5 = – 13.6 × = – 0.54 eV
n2 (5)2

hc 1
D-2. =  
E E

6(6 – 1)
D-3. Infrared lines = total lines – visible lines – UV lines = –4–5 = 15 – 9 = 6.
2
(Visible lines = 4 62, 52, 42, 32) (UV lines = 5 61, 51, 41, 31, 21)
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D-4. When electron falls from n to 1, total possible number of lines = n – 1.

D-5. Visible lines  Balmer series (5  2, 4  2, 3  2). So, 3 lines.

D-6. According to energy, E4  1 > E3  1 > E2 1 > E3  2 .

According to energy, Violet > Blue > Green > Red.
 Red line  3  2 transition.

D-7. For 1st line of Balmer series

 1 1   5  5
v1 = RH (3)2  2  2  = 9R   = R
 (2) (3)   36  4
For last line of Pachen series
 1 1  5 R
v2 = RH (3)2  2   =R so, v1 – v2 = R–R= .
 (3) ()2  4 4

h 6.625  10 34
E-1. = = × 3600  10–30 m.
mv 0.2  5

1 V2 200 2
E-2. = = = .
2 V1 50 1

E-3. r1 = 0.529 Å
r3 = 0.529 × (3)2 Å = 9x
2 r 2 (9x)
so, = = = 6 x. 
n 3

0.101
E-4. For an  particle,  = Å.
V

n n1 n 2 4
E-5.   = 2 or = (n = 4 of C5+ ion)
Z Z1 Z2 3 6

h 1
E-6. For a charged particle  = ,   .
2mqV V

h 6.62  1034
E-7. p . x =  x = = 5.27 × 10–30 m.
5
4 4  3.14  1  10

F-1. Factual.

F-2. A has 0 nodes as 2 is not zero anywhere so it's 1 s (n – 1 = 0)

B has 1 node so, it is 2s as n – 1 = 1

F-4. Dumbell lies at 45º to x & y axis.

F-5. Factual

F-6. Spherical node = n –  – 1

Non spherical = 

F-7. Factual

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F-8. (a) Electron density in the XY plane in 3dx2  y2 orbital is not zero
(b) Electron density in the XY plane in 3dz2 orbital is not zero.
(c) 2s orbital has one nodal surface
(d) For 2pz orbital, XY is the nodal plane.

F-9. Factual

F-10. n,  and m.

h
G-1. Orbital angular momentum = (  1) = 0.   = 0 (s orbital).
2

G-2. Cu : 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1.
 Cu2+ : 1s22s22p63s23p63d9 or [Ar]3d9.

G-3. Magnetic moment = n (n  2) = 24 B.M.

 No. of unpaired electron = 4.
X26 : 1s2 2s22p63s23p63d64s2.
To get 4 unpaired electrons, outermost configuration will be 3d6.
 No. of electrons lost = 2 (from 4s2).
 n = 2.

G-4. Zn2+ : [Ar] 3d10 (0 unpaired electrons).

Fe2+ : [Ar] 3d6 (4 unpaired electrons) maximum.
Ni3+ : [Ar] 3d7 (3 unpaired electrons).
Cu+ : [Ar] 3d10 (0 unpaired electrons).

n 3
G-5. d7 : 3 unpaired electrons.  Total spin = ± =± .
2 2

G-6. X23 : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d3 4s2.

No. of electron with  = 2 are 3 (3d3).

G-7. Cr (Zn = 24)

Electronic configuration is : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d5
so, no of electron in  = 1 i.e. p subshell is 12 and no of electron in  = 2 i.e. d subshell is 5.

h
G-8. Orbital angular momentum = (  1) = 0 (since  = 0 for s orbital).
2

G-9. Cl17– : [Ne] 3s2 3p6.

Last electron enters 3p orbital.
  = 1 and m = 1, 0, –1.

G-10. Number of radial nodes = n –  – 1 = 1, n = 3.   = 1.

h h
Orbital angular momentum = (  1) = 2 .
2 2

11
11
H-1. 6 C  5 B  01 e

n
H-2. >1
p

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H-3. It is the order of penetrating power.

n n
H-4. Nucleides having > 1 undergoes -emission to decrease ratio in order to attain belt of stability.
p p

A A 1 1
H-5. ZX  Z X + 0n

238 214
H-6. 92 U  82 Pb + m 24 He + n 01e
 m = 6 and m = 2. Total 8.

PART - III
1. It is factual.

vn Z2 2rn n3
2. fn = , fn  , Tn = , Tn  .
2rn n3 vn Z2
Z2 Z2 n2
En = – 13.6 , En  , rn  .
n2 n2 Z

3. It is factual.

4. Number of values of  = total number of subshells = n.

Value of  = 0, 1, 2 ........ (n – 1).
 = 2  m = –2, –1, 0, +1, +2 (5 values)
m = – to +  through zero.

EXERCISE # 2

PART - I
1. Factual.

m
2. = 1.5 × 10–8 and e = 1.6 × 10–19
e
 m = 1.5 × 10–8 × 1.6 × 10–19
m = 2.4 × 10–24 g

3. Charge on oil drop = 6.39 × 10–19 C

 1.602 × 10–19 C is charge on one electron
6.39  10 19
 6.39 × 10–19 C is charge on = = 4 electrons.
1.602  10 19

hc
5. = 1 +  ...(1)

hc
3× = 4 +   ...(2)

from, e.q., (1) and (2)  = 0.5 eV

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T1 n3 13 1
6. = 1 = = .
T2 3 3 8
n2 2
 2r  n3
  T  V  so, T 
Z2

r1 n2 R
7. = 1 =
r2 2 4R
n2
n1 1
 =
n2 2
T1 n3 1
  = 1 = .
T2 3 8
n2

8. Angular momentum J = mvr

J2 = m2v2r2
J2 1  J2
or =  mv 2  mr 2 or K.E. =
2  2  2mr 2

Kq1 q 2 K(–e)( 4e) 1 4e2 e2

9. P.E. = = = ×– =– .
r r 4 0 r  0 r

1 KZe2 3e2
10. KE = = .
2 r 8 0 r

11. (He+)2  4 = (Li2 )n4 n3

Z1 n n 2 2 4
 = 2 = 1 or = =
Z2 n4 n3 3 n4 n3
 n4 = 3 and n3 = 6.
 Transition in Li2+ ion = 3  6

 1 1
12.  = RC Z2  – .
2 2
 n1 n2 
 1 1   1 1 3
1 = RC Z2  2 – 2  = RC Z2,  2 = RC Z2  2 – 2  = RC Z2.
1   1 2  4
 1 1  1
3 = RC Z2  2 – 2  = RC Z2.  1 – 2 = 3.
2   4

13. Visible lines  Balmer series  3 lines. (5  2, 4  2, 3  2).

14. Shortest wave length of Lyman series of H-atom
1 1  1 1  1
= =R 2   so, x=
 x  (1)
2
( )  R
For Balmes series
1  1 1 
= R(1)2  2  
  (2) (3)2 
1 1 5 36x
= × so, = .
 x 36 5

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15. Number of lines in Balmer series = 2. 
n = 4 (lines will be 4  2, 3  2).
13.6
KE of ejected photoelectrons = Ephoton – BEn = 13 – = 13 – 0.85 = 12.15 eV.
42

y mx v x y mx v x 16
16. = .  = = .
x my v y 1 (0.25mx ) (0.75 v x ) 3
 y = 5.33Å.

h
17. =
mV
p m V
=   m = 4mp
 mp Vp
p 4m V
=
 mp Vp
1 V
=4× 
2 Vp
Vp 8
=
V 1

h 12.3
18. For an electron accelerated with potential difference V volt,  = = Å.
2mqV V

19.  =v
h h h
then = or 2 = So, = .
mV m m

20.  x = 2p
h
 x.p = =  2 p.p =
2 4 2

2(mV)2 = ; (V)2 =  V = .
2 4m2 2m

21. 2r = n = circumference

22. s orbital is spherical so non-directional.

23. The lobes of dx 2  y 2 orbital are alligned along X and Y axis. Therefore the probability of finding the
electron is maximum along x and y-axis.

24. Factual.

1
25. Rb37 : [Kr] 5s2.  n = 5,  = 0, m = 0, s = ± .
2

26. Magnetic moment = 2.83 so, no. of unpaired electrons = 2

so, Ni2+ is the answer.

27. For 1s, 3s, 3d and 2p orbital,  = 0, 0, 2, 1 respectively.

Orbital angular momentum = (  1) .

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28. After np orbital, (n + 1) s orbital is filled.

29. Total number of electrons in an orbital = 2 (2 +1).

The value of  varies from 0 to n – 1.
n1
 Total numbers of electrons in any orbit =  2(2  1) .
0

30. Spin quantum number does not comes from Schrodinger equation.
1 1
s = + and – have been assigned arbitrarily.
2 2

31. Change in mass number = 32

Change in proton = 10
8 means 8 2He4 i.e., 32 mass number, 16 protons.
Now 6 = 6 neutrons changed to 6 proton.
So, net change in proton = 10
Answer is 8, 6.

PART - II
(e / m)p ep / mp 2
1. = = .
(e / m) 2ep / 4mp 1

E1 hc   600
2. = × 2 = 2 = = 2.
E2 1 hc 1 300

3. Heat required for melting 1 mole (18 g) of ice = 330 × 18 = 5940 J

Energy of one photon = h = 6.6 × 10–34 × 5 × 1013 = 33 × 10–21 J
5940
 Total number of photons required = 21
 1.8 × 1023
33  10

4. W 0 + K = h
6.62  10–34  3  108
40 × 1.6 × 10–19 =

 = 31 nm

3 3 13.6 13.6  1  1 1
5. Energy of the photon = 0.6375 eV = × 0.85 eV = × =  1  4  = 13.6  2  2 
4 4 4 2
4 2 4 8 
Thus, this photon coresponds to transition n = 8 to n = 4 (Brakett series)
 x = 8 Ans.

6. IP = 13.6Z2 = 16 (given).
3 3
1st excitation potential = 13.6 × × Z = 16 × = 12 V.
4 4

7. Diameter of Hydrogen atom = 16.92Å

Radius of an atom = 8.46Å
0.529n2 0.529n2
rn =  8.46 =  n=4
Z 1
Maximum number of electron = 2n2 = 2 × (4)2 = 32.

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 Atomic Structure & Nuclear Chemistry
(n2  n1)(n2  n1  1)
8. Number of spectral lines =
2
(n2  3)(n2  3  1)
6=  12 = n22  5n2  6
2
 n22 – 5n2 – 6 = 0.
 n2 = 6 or – 1.
Since n2 = –1 is not possible. Hence n2 = 6.

13.6 Z2 13.6 (Z)2

9. Total energy = = = 3.4 eV
n2 (4)2
Now K.E. = 3.4 – 1.4 = 2 eV
Now, Total energy = 2 + 4 = 6 eV i.e. potential = 6 V
150
For electron,  = so  = 5 Å.
V

150
10. For an electron, de-Broglie wavelength  = Å
KEeV
150 150 150 13.6  11
2 = KE = = = eV (Using given relation)
2
KEeV  12.016 144
En 6 Li
2 2
= E3 H + KEelectron

 1 1  1 1  13.6  11
13.6 (3)2    = 13.6 (1)2  2  2 +
2
6 n22  3   144
On solving, we get n2 = 12.

12. (2 – Zr)2 = 0
Zr = 2
2 2
r= = = 1Å
z 2

13. dxy, dyz, dxz

The lobes of dxy orbital are at an angle of 45º with X and Y axis. So along the lobes, angular probability
distribution is maximum similarly for dyz & dxz.

14. Cr : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d5

n+=3
so the combinations are 2p, 3s. So 8 electrons.

15. n(n  2) = 4.9

 No. of unpaired electrons, n = 4.
2 5
25Mn : [Ar]4s 3d
For having 4 unpaired electrons, a Mn atom should lose 3 electrons (2 from 4s and 1 from 3d).
 a = +3.

16. 235
92 U+ 10 n   139
54 Xe +
94
38 Sr + x0n1
Equating mass number
235 + 1 = 139 + 94 + x
x=3

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 Atomic Structure & Nuclear Chemistry
PART - III
76
1. No. of neutrons in 32 Ge = A – Z = 76 – 32 = 44.
77
No. of neutrons in 33 As = 77 – 33 = 44.
78
No. of neutrons in 34 Se = 78 – 34 = 44.

2. Ne contains 10 electrons
O2– and F– contain 10 electrons

3. Since most part of atom is empty space, so, when  particles are sent towards a thin metal foil, most of
them go straight through the foil.

4. From  particle scattering experiment, distance of closest approach of  particle with nucleus came out
to be of the order of 10–14 m.

c 3  108
5. = = = 5 × 1014 sec–1
 600  10–9
12400
E= = 2.07 eV.
6000

6. Li2+, H and He+ are single electron species.

Z Z2 n2 Z2
7. Velocity  ; Frequency  ; Radius  ; Force  .
n n3 Z n4

8. 1st excitation potential = 10.2 Z2 = 24 V  Z2 = 24/10.2

13.6  24
 IE = 13.6 Z2 = = 32 eV.
10.2
0.85  24
Binding energy of 3rd excited state = 0.85 Z2 = = 2eV.
10.2
12.09  24 32  8
2nd excitation potential of sample = 12.09 Z2 = = V.
10.2 9

9. In all the given cases, only one quantum of energy is emitted since only one electronic transition
occurs.

10. Transition is taking place from 5  2

 n = 3
3(3  1)
Hence maximum number of spectral line observed = = 6.
2
(C) number of lines belonging to the Balmer series = 3 (5  2,4  2,32) as shown in figure.
5
4
3
2
n=1
Number of lines belonging to Paschen series = 2 (5  3, 4  3).

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 Atomic Structure & Nuclear Chemistry
h h
11. Change in angular momentum for 3  2 transition = (3 – 2) = .
2 2
h h
Change in angular momentum for 4  2 transition = (4 – 2) = .
2 

h h h
12. = = = .
mv 2mKE 2mqV
When v, KE and V are same, as m increasing,  decreases. e > p >  (if v, KE and V are same).

13. n = 4, m = 2
Value of  = 0 to (n – 1) but m = 2.   = 2 or 3 only
Value of s may be +1/2 or – 1/2.

14. n(n  2) = 1.732

Number of unpaired electrons, n = 1.
2 5
25X : [Ar] 4s 3d
For having one unpaired electron, 6 electrons are to be removed (2 from 4s & 4 from 3d).
  Y = 6.

h
15. Spin angular momentum S = s(s  1) .
2
1 3 h
s=   S= × .
2 2 2

16. (A) : [Ar]3d54s1

24Cr (B) m = –  to +  through zero.
(C) 2 2 6 2 6 2 10 6 1 10
47Ag : 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d .
Since only one unpaired electron is present.
 23 electrons have spin of one type and 24 of the opposite type.

17. 8O : [He] 2s22p4 ; 16S : [Ne] 3s23p4

18. - rays are uncharged.

19. 1 neutron added increases mass number.

PART - IV
1. As the frequency of incident radiations increases, the kinetic energy of emitted photoelectrons
increases.
Decreasing order of   Violet > Blue > Orange > Red
Decreasing order of KE of photoelectrons  Violet > Blue > Orange > Red

2. The interaction between photon and electron is always one to one for ejection of photoelectrons,
Frequency of incident radiations > threshold frequency
5.16 x 1015 > 6.15 × 1014

3. The number of photoelectrons emitted depend on the intensity or brightness of incident radiation.

4. Last line of Bracket series for H-atom

1  1 1  16
=R 2   so, 1 =
1  (4) ()2  R

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2nd line of Lyman series
1  1 1  9
=R   so, 2 =
2  (1)
2
(3)2  8R
128 9
or, =
1 2

5. 1. Spectral lines of H atom only belonging to Balmer series are in visible range.
2. In the Balmer series of H-atom, first 4 lines are in visible region and rest all are in ultra violet region.
3. 2nd line of Lyman series of He+ ion has energy = (E31) × 22 = 12.1 × 4 = 48.4 eV.

 1 1  7R
6. v = R(4)2    = .
2 2
 (3) (4)  9

h 1 0.001
7. x = × V = V × = 300 × 10–5 m/s
4 Me V 100
1
x = 5.8  10–5 × = 1.92 × 10–2 m
300  10 5

8. The maximum KE of potoelectron is corresponding to maximum stopping = 22 eV.

Eincident = Ethresold + KEmaxi = 40 eV + 22eV = 62 eV
12400 Å
incident = = 200 Å
62

9. Circumference = 2r = n

2 r 3nm
 de-broglie – = = = 1 nm = 10Å
n 3
2
12.3  12.3 
= Å  KE =  = 1.51 eV.
V  10 
KE of electron in third orbit = 1.51 eV  binding energy of third orbit in this atom
1240 eV Å
 = of photon required to ionise = = 821 nm
1.51 eV

10. Multiply Angular part and Radial part of 1s orbital and square this.

11. For s-orbital probability of finding an electron is same at all angles at specific radius.

12. Two unpaired electrons present in carbon atom are in different orbitals. So they have different magnetic
quantum number.

13. Electronic configuration of Zn2+ ion is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 so no electron in 4s orbital.

h 1 1  h 3 h h
14. s (s  1) =   1 = = 0.866
2 
2 2  2 2 2 2

15. Cu+  1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 3d10

Fe+3  1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 3d5
Cr+3  1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 3d3
Co+3  1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 3d6
Cu+ ion have maximum number of full filled orbital
Number of electrons related to  = 2 are 10
Number of electrons related to  + m = 0 are 12

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16. Cr+3  1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 3d3
Number of electrons related to n +  = 5 are 3
Magnetic moment u = n(n  2) B.M. = 3  5 = 15 B.M.

17. Co+3  1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 3d6

Number of unpaired e– = 4
Number of electrons related to n +  = 5 are 6.

EXERCISE # 3

PART - I
n2
1. rn = 0.529 Å
Z
For hydrogen, n = 1 and Z = 1 ;  rH = 0.529
0.529  2 2
For Be3+, n = 2 and Z = 4 ;  rBe3  = = 0.529
4
Therefore, (D) is correct option.

2. 22s = probability of finding electron with in 2s orbital

2at node = 0 (probability of finding an electron is zero at node)
For node at r = r0, 2 = 0
3
1  1  r0  r0 / 2a0
So, 2 = 0 =   2 –  × e
4 2  a0   a0 
 r0  r
 2 –  = 0 or 2 =
 a0 a 0
 r = 2a0
(b) The wavelength can be calculated with the help of de-Broglie’s formula i.e.,
h 6.626  10–34 6.626  10 –34
= = = = 6.626 × 10–35 m or 6.626 × 10–25 Å
mv 100  100  103 10,000  103
(c) (i) The atomic mass of an element reduces by 4 and atomic number by 2 on emission of an -
particle.
(ii) The atomic mass of an element remains unchanged and atomic number increses by 1 on emission
of a -particle.
Thus change in atomic mass on emission of 8–particles will be 8 × 4 = 32
New atomic mass = old atomic mass – 32 = 238 – 32 = 206
Similarly change in atomic number on emission of 8-particle will be : 8 × 2 = 16
i.e., New atomic number = old atomic number – 16 = 92 – 16 = 76
On emission of 6-particles the atomic mass remains unchanged thus, atomic mass of the new element
will be 206.
The atomic number increases by 6 unit thus new atomic nubmer will be 76 + 6 = 82
–8
Thus, the equation looks like : 92X
238  82Y
206
–6

3. (a) For hydrogen atom, Z = 1, n = 1

Z
v = 2.18 × 106 × ms –1 = 2.18 × 106 ms–1
n
h 6.626  10–34
De-broglie wavelength,  = = = 3.32 × 10–10 m = 3.3 Å
mv 9.1  10–31  2.18  106

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(b) For 2p,  = 1
h  h 
 Orbital angular momentum = (  1) = 2 .  .
2  2 

KZe2 
Kn  
2r 
KZe2 
4. Vn   
r 
KZe2 
En   
2r 
Vn 1
so, = – 2 and En  .
Kn r

5.

6. For lower state (S1)

No. of radial node = 1 = n –  – 1
Put n = 2 and  = 0 (as higher state S2 has n = 3)
So, it would be 2s (for S1 state)

 32 
7. Energy of state S1 = – 13.6  2  eV/atom
2 
9
= (energy of H-atom in ground state)
4
= 2.25 (energy of H-atom in ground state).

8. For state S2
No. of radial node = 1 = n –  – 1 ....... (eq.-1)
Energy of S2 state = energy of e– in lowest state of H-atom
= – 13.6 eV/atom
 32 
= – 13.6  2  eV/atom
n 
n = 3.
put in equation (1) =1
so, orbital  3p (for S2 state).

12400
9. Ephoton = = 4.13 eV
3000
Photoelectric effect can take place only if Ephoton 
Thus, Li, Na, K, Mg can show photoectric effect.

10.
1
So, electrons with spin quantum number = – will be 1 + 3 + 5 = 9.
2

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Atomic Structure & Nuclear Chemistry

11.

h
12. mv (4a0) =

h
so, v=
4m  a0
1 1 h2 h2
so, KE = mv2 = m. =
2 2 16 m2 2a02 32 m  2a02

63 1 1 4
13. 29 Cu 1 H  60 n  2   211H  X
64 = 6 + 4 + 2 + A  A = 52
29 + 1 = 30 = 0 + 2 + 2 + z  z = 26
Element X should be iron in group 8.

9 8
14. 4 Be X  4Be Y
If X is  then Y is 0

n1
If X is 1P1 then Y is 1D2

15. n = 4, m = 1, –1
Hence can be = 3, 2, 1
i.e. Hf ; 2 orbitals
Hd ; 2 orbitals
Hp ; 2 orbitals
1
Hence total of 6 orbitals, and we want m s = – , that is only one kind of spin. So, 6 electrons.
2

16. Energy order of orbitals of H is decided by only principle quantum number (n) while energy order of H –
is decided by (n + ) rule :
Electronic configuration of ‘H–’ is - 1s2 its Energy order is decided by n+ rule.
H– = 1s22s02p0
Its 2nd excited state is 2p and degenery 2p is ‘3’

17. For 1s electron in H-atom, plot of radial probability function (4r2R2) V/s r is as shown :

4r2 R2

r
18. s-orbital is non directional so wave function will be independent of cos 

19. For 2s orbital no. of radial nodes = n –– 1 = 1

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n,,m (r)

r
a0

20. For 1s orbital  should be independent of , also it does not contain any radial node.
E1 E1 3E
– – 1
E 4 – E2 16 4 3  36 27
= = 16 = =
E6 – E2 E1 E1 8E1 8  16 32
– –
36 4 36

21. x1 = 
X2 = 
 X3 = 
X4 = 

( 2) 2 –13.6
22. E = –13.6 × = –3.4 =
He n 2
4
n2 = 16 so n=4
quantum number are
n = 4,  = 2, m = 0
so subshell is = d.
angular node =  = 2
Radial node = [n––1] = 4 – 2 – 1 = 1

 n2 
24. rn = 0.529   Å  rn  n2
 Z 
 
 nh 
Angular momentum () =      n1
 2 
2
1 1  Z Z2
K.E. = mv2 = m 2.18  106   K.E.  K.E.  n–2
2 2  n n2
Z2
P.E. = – 2K.E.  P.E.     P.E.  n–2
n2

PART - II
8. Following Aufbau principle for filling electrons.

h
9. De-broglie wavelength (for particles) =
2m KE
1
As temperature is same, KE is same. So,   .
m
Hence db (electron) > db (neutron)

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10. n=5
Possible subshell are
 5s, 5p, 5d, 5f, 5g
 Total number of orbital = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 = 25

11. NaF: Na+ = 1s22s22p6

F– = 1s22s22p6

12. For shortest '' of hydrogen

n1 = 1 & n2 = 
1  1 1
 = Rz2  2  2 
  
 n1 n2 
1  1 1  1
= R(1)2  2  2   R =
A  1   A
for longest '' of He+ n1 = 3 n2 = 4
1 1 2 1 1  1 7 36A
  2  2  2    or  =
 A 3 4  A 36 7

 n2 
rn = 52.9 
 1 
13. pm = 211.6 pm (for H-atom)
 
n=2
Higher orbit to n = 2  Balmer series

14.  = 250 nm = 2500 Å

hc 12400
E= = = 4.96 eV
 2500
KE = stopping potential = 0.5 eV
E = W 0 + K.E.
4.96 = W + 0.5
W 0 = 4.46  4.5 eV

2 r 2  0.529Å
15. 2r = n = =
n 1

16. When temperature is increased, black body emit high energy radiation, from higher wavelength to lower
wavelength.

17.
 1 1 
  RHZ2  –
 n2 n2  
 1 2 
 1 1 
 RH(1)2  –
 n 2 82 
 f 
RH RH 1
 – –RH
nf2
nf 2 64 64

1
Slope for graph of  & is + RH
nf 2

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nh
18. mvr =
2
h
According to wave mechanics, the ground state angular momentum is equal to .
2

K.E. of KEmax = h–h0

Electron tan= h
19.
Intercept = –h0

Frequency of Light

 Z2   22 
20. E = –13.6  2  = –13.6  2  = –6.04 eV
n
  3 

1  1 1 
21.  R 2  2 
 n
 1 n2 
1  1 1
 107  2  
  (3) 
= 9 × 10 m –7

= 900 nm

1
22. h  h0  mv 2
2
1
h(  – 0 )  mv 2
2
1/ 2
 2h(  – 0 ) 
v 
 m 
h h m h
  
mv m 2h( – 0 ) m( – 0 )
1

( –  0 )1/ 2

hc 1
23.    mv 2
 2
6.626  1034  3  108 1
=+ × 9 × 10–31 × (6 × 105)2
10
4000  10 2
  = (4.97 – 1.62) × 10–19 J
= 3.35 × 10–19 J  2.1 eV

n2
24. 2r = n  2a0  n
Z
n2
2a0  n1.5 a0
Z
n 1.5 3
  = 0.75
Z 2 4
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25. From n +  rule the increasing order of energies of electrons will be IV < II < III < I

26. As kinetic energy is much higher than work function so

E = E0 + KE  KE
hc  P2 
As E = & kE =  

  2m 
2
2 P  2
So =  1    2   1 
1  P2    1.5 
4
2 = 
9

 1
1  1   1
(  )Lym an  4 4 9
27. = =
(  )Balm er 1  1 1 1 4
  
4 4 9 4

28. (1) Total energy of electron is minimum in first orbit i.e. at a0 distance from nucleus.
K Z e2
(2) P.E. = –
r
2
1 K Ze
K.E. = |P.E.| = 2|K.E.|
2 r

1s
2
(3) 2 is maximum at nucleus

r
(4) Electron can be found at any distance from nucleus.

1s
P
P  Probability function.

29. By the graph since 2 is not zero at r = 0 it must be s orbital

also n –  –1 = 1
n = 2 (  = 0)
it is 2s orbital

1  1 1 1
30. Shortest  for lyman series :  R 2   = R ; =
 1  R
1  1 1 R 9
Shortest  for paschen series :  R 2  = ; ’ =
' 3  9 R
' 9 R
  =9
 R 1

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31. (r) is probability density of an electron and it is maximum at a & c.

32. Energies of the orbitals in the same subshell decrease with increase in the atomic number
E2s(H) > E2s(Li) > E2s(Na) > E2s(K)SS

34. Theory based.

1 2 3
35. 1H 1 H(D) 1 H(T)
Number of neutrons 0+1+2=3

a 0n 2
36. r=
Z
a 0 ( 2) 2 4 a0
For Li2+ r = =
3 3

37. 2 r = n
n2
2× a0 = n
Z
42
2× a0 = 4
1
 = 8 a0

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