ECP 4205

TUTORAL QUESTIONS

QUESTION 1

A grit particle 0.2mm and density, 1500kg/m3 is to be captured in a horizontal grit chamber of
length 18m and width 1.0. The wastewater approach velocity carrying the grit particle is 0.3m/s
and the flow rate is 0.15m3/s. We would like to know whether the particle will be settled in grit
chamber or not. The density of the wastewater is 1000kg/m3 and its viscosity is 0.001kg/m-s.

 Using stokes law

𝑔(𝜌𝑝 −𝜌𝑙 )𝑑2 𝑝 (9.8)(1500−1000)(0.2 𝑥 10−3)

𝑣𝑡 = = = 1.09𝑥 ∗ 10 − 2𝑚/𝑠
18𝜇 18(0.001)

 Checking validity for using stokes law:

𝑑𝑝 𝑣𝑡 𝜌𝑙 (0.2 𝑥 10−3 )(1.09 𝑥 10−2 )(1000)

𝑅𝑒 = = = 2.18
𝜇𝑙 0.001

This is within the laminar range and stokes law is valid

 Cross- sectional area of flow:

𝑄 0.15
𝐴𝑓 = = = 0.5 𝑚3
𝑣 0.3

 Depth of flow of liquid ,

𝐶𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝐴𝑓 0.5

𝐻= = = = 0.5𝑚
𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑙 𝑊 1.0

 The particle falls through the depth H in retention time to

𝐻 0.5
𝑡𝑜 = = = 46𝑠
𝑣𝑡 1.09 𝑥 10−2

 Since the chamber is 18m long and the horizontal velocity is 0.3m/s, the retention time
of the liquid in the chamber is:

𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 18
𝑡𝑙 = = = 60𝑠
ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 0.3
  Since 𝑡𝑜 < 𝑡𝑙 , the particle will be settled in the grit chamber.

QUESTION 2

A single-stage duct-type electrostatic precipitator contains five plates that are 4m high, 6m
long, and spaced 0.3m. apart. Air contaminated with gypsum dust enters the unit with an inlet
loading of 53 mg/m3 and a velocity through the unit of 1.5 m/s. The solids bulk density is
47kg/m3.

1. Estimate the particle drift velocity, Vpm, if the collection efficiency is 99%
2. Determine outlet loading?
3. How many cubic feet of dust are collected per hour?
4. Due to an anticipated increase in plant capacity, a larger volumetric flow
rate would result in a gas velocity of 2.25 m/s. Determine the new
efficiency.

SOLUTION
Collecting area, A, and gas flow rate, q, are given by
A = (8surfaces)(4m)(6m) = 192m2
q = (4channels)(1.5m/s)(0.3)(4) = 7.2m3/s

Using the Deutsch-Anderson equation,

Vpm = In(1-Ƞ)/(A/Q) = In(1-0.99)/|(192/7.2)=0.17m/s

The outlet loading (OL) is= 53(1-Ƞ) = 53(1-0.99)= 0.53mg/m3

Dust are collected per hour = {(53-0.53)mg/m3/(47 000 000mg/ m3)} *(7.2m3/s )* ( 3600s/h) =
0.02894m3/h =1,02189ft3/h

The revised efficiency (for a 50% increase in flow) becomes

Ƞ = 1-exp((-Vpm*Ac)/Q) = 1-exp((-0.17*192)/(7.2*1.5)) = 0.951~95.13%

QUESTION 3
A multi-tray settling chamber having 8 trays, including the bottom surface, handles 6m3/s of
air at 20oC. The trays are spaced 0.25m apart and the chamber is to be 1m wide and 4m long.

i. What is the minimum particle size of density 2000kg/m3 that can be collected
with 100% efficiency?

ii. What will be the efficiency of the settling chamber if 50μm particles are to be
removed?

Laminar flow condition within the chamber and presence of no dust in itially on trays may be
assumed.

QUESTION 4
The designed hourly average flow of a municipal wastewater plant is 0.438 m3/s (10 Mgal/d).
Design an aerated grit chamber where the detention time of the peak flow rate is 4.0 min
(generally 3-5 min).

N.B: assume a peaking factor of 3.0

QUESTION 5

As a graduate student you have been assigned the task of studying certain process factors in an
operation that employs three cyclones in series to treat catalyst-laden gas at 25°C and 1 atm.
The inlet loading to the cyclone series is 8.24gr/ft3 and the volumetric flow rate is 1,000,000
acfm. The efficiency of the cyclones is 93, 84, and 73%, respectively. Calculate the following:

I. Daily mass of catalyst collected (lb/day)

II. Daily mass of catalyst discharged to the atmosphere
III. Whether or not it would be economical to add an additional cyclone
a. (Efficiency = 52%) costing an additional $300,000 per year (The cost of the
catalyst is $0.75 per pound.)
IV. Outlet loading from the proposed fourth cyclone

SOLUTION
QUESTION 7
QUESTION 7

A fabric filter is to be constructed using bags that are 0.1 m in diameter and 5.0 m long. The bag
house is to receive 5 m3/s of air. Filtering velocity is 2.0 m/min. Determine the number of bags
required for a continuous removal of particulate matter.

Given that: Diameter of bag (d) = 0.1 m; Length of bag (L) = 5 m; Flow rate (Qg)= 5 m3/s;
Filtering velocity (u)=2 m/min= 0.0333 m/s.

At = Total area of filter; Ab = Area of single bag; N = number of bags

 𝐴𝑡
𝑁=
𝐴𝑏

𝑄𝑔
𝐴𝑡 =
𝑢

𝐴𝑏 = 𝜋𝑑𝐿

5 m3/s
𝐴𝑡 = = 1.57𝑚2
0.0333 m/s.

𝐴𝑏 = 3.14 ∗ 0.1 ∗ 5.0 = 1.57𝑚2

150𝑚2
𝑁= = 95.54 ≈ 96
1.57𝑚2
QUESTION 8

A cyclone has an inlet width of 15 cm and the shortest length of 25 cm with diameter of 0.50 m,
operates at six effective turns. The gas temperature is 345K and inlet velocity is 20m/s. Also, the
average particle size is 10μm with particle density 1.2 g/cm3. The viscosity of air at 345K is 0.0745
kg/m-h. Determine: (a) the cut diameter, dpc ; (b) the separation factor, S; (c) Pressure drop at 15 oC
and 1 atm (ρg = 1.2041 kg/m3). Is this a high efficiency cyclone?

Solution
QUESTION 9

The dimensions of a bag in a filter unit are 8 in. in diameter and 15 ft long. Calculate the filtering area
of the bag. If the filtering unit consists of 40 such bags and is to treat 480,000 ft3/h of gas from an
open-hearth furnace, calculate the "effective" filtration velocity in feet per minute and acfm per square
foot of filter area. Also calculate the mass of particles collected daily if the inlet loading is 3.1 gr/ft 3
and the unit operates at +99.99% collection efficiency. Note that 7000 gr = 1 Ib.

Solution
QUESTION 10

A bag house filter having 20 compartments, 365 bags per compartment and each bag

of diameter 12 m and bag length 30m, with gas flow rate of 1,200,000 m3/min. Calculate the
gross and net air to cloth ratios .Assume that 2 compartments are out of service when
calculating the net air to cloth ratio.