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Experiment 10 (Co-Current and Counter Flow)

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12 views7 pages

Experiment 10 (Co-Current and Counter Flow)

Uploaded by

Nouman Nisar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Course code and Name: Heat Transfer and

Date:
HVAC Lab (ME-424L)
Course Instructor: Engr. Saqib Khan
Experiment No: 10

Name of Student: Semester: 8th

Registration No: Section:


Experiment Name: Investigating the differences between Counter-current flow and Co-current
flow and its effect on heat transferred, Temperature Efficiencies and Temperature profile

Objectives
 To investigate the differences between counter-current flow and co-
current flow
 To find its effect on heat transferred, temperature efficiencies and
temperature profile.

Equipment/ The equipment (H102) shown is figure is a universal heat exchanger unit, where we
Apparatus can fit different heat exchangers, like shell and tube, plate heat exchanger etc. In this
Description experiment we use Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger fitted as shown in figure.

Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger consists of a group of tubes inside the heat exchanger.
The hot water flows through the internel tubes and cold water circulates through the
space between the internal tubes and the shell. Baffles around the bundle help to create
a turbulant mixed flow. The temperature controller controls the hot water temperature.

Fig. Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

Theoretical Heat Exchangers:


Background: Heat exchangers are devices designed to transfer heat from one fluid to another
without the fluids coming into contact.

Types of Heat Exchangers:


Heat exchangers are typically classified according to flow arrangement and type of
construction.

Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger:


The shell and tube heat exchanger, the most common type of heat exchanger in
industrial applications. They contain a large number of tubes (sometimes several
hundreds) packed in a shell with their axes parallel to that of the shell. Heat transfer
takes place as one fluid flows inside the tubes and other fluid flows outside the tubes
through the shell.

Fig. Shell and Tube


Heat Exchanger

Co-current (Parallel) flow:


As the name suggests, the flow of the hot and cold fluid is taking place in the same
direction in this case. As the graph shows, the temperature difference between the hot
and cold fluid keeps on decreasing from one end to another end.

Counter current flow:


In this setup, the hot fluid enters from one end of the exchanger and cold from
opposite end. This results in nearly constant temperature difference between the hot
and cold fluid. This is significant aspect and makes the counter current exchanger
preferable over co-current exchangers.

Crossed flow:
The cold and the hot fluid flow axes is at angle to each other and hence, the fluids
cross each other in this arrangement. The most common crossed flow exchangers has
an angle between axes as 90 degrees.
Fig. Co-current and counter current flow

Procedure:  Install the Shell and Tube heat exchanger and connect the cold water
circuit to give Counter-Current flow.
 Turn on the “main switch” and “heater switch”.
 Set the hot water temperature controller to 60℃
 Set the cold water flow rate Vcold to 15g/sec
 Set the hot water flow rate Vhot to 50g/sec
 Monitor the stream temperature and the hot and cold flow rates to
ensure these too remain close to the original setting.
 Then record the following, T1, T2, T3, T4, Vhot and Vcold
 Then adjust the cold water flow valve so that V cold is approximately
35g/sec
 Maintain the hot water flow rate at approximately 50g/sec
 Allow the conditions to stabilize and repeat the above observation
 Repeat the procedure for Co-current flow
Observations
and Flow Direction: Counter - Current Flow
calculations:
No. T1 T2 T3 T4 Vhot Vcold
Calculations:

No. ∆thot ∆t cold Qe Qa η hot η cold η mean

Flow Direction: Co - Current Flow

No. T1 T2 T3 T4 Vhot Vcold

Calculations:

No. ∆thot ∆t cold Qe Qa η hot η cold η mean

Graphical Representation:
Sample Calculation:
Results and
Conclusions:

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