ROBOTICS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (66)

Aims:

1. To develop an understanding of concepts and 4. To instill AI-Readiness skills in students vide

applications in Robotics and Artificial key concepts in AI, such as, Data, Computer
Intelligence (AI). Vision and Natural Language Processing.
2. To develop competencies in Robotics and AI via 5. To introduce the students to the concepts of AI
classroom instruction, laboratory and self- Project Framework.
directed project-based learning approach. 6. To familiarize students with computational skills
3. To facilitate appreciation, understanding and (basic python coding language).
application of concepts of Robotics and AI 7. To create awareness about ethical considerations
through learning and engaging in hands-on of AI.
activities.

CLASS IX

THEORY-100 Marks
There will be one internal paper of two hours duration carrying 100 marks and an internal assessment of
100 marks.

PART I
ROBOTICS
1. Introduction to Robotics
(i) Understanding Robots. (iv) Real world Robots and their applications.
Basic understanding of what a robot is; Application of robots in different fields
definition and characteristics; benefits of (domestic, industry, medical, defense,
using robots (with respect to humans): entertainment and agriculture) with at least
increased quality, increased productivity, one example of each.
increased efficiency, longer working span,
2. Robot as a System
working in hazardous environments,
improved workplace. (i) Building blocks of Robots.
(ii) Evolution of Robots; Laws of Robotics. General block diagram of a robot. A detailed
study of the building blocks of a robot.
Brief history of Robots with respect to their
evolution from 1900’s till date. Definition of Concept of a robot as having mechanical,
Robotics, the three Laws of Robotics by Isaac electronic and computational blocks;
Asimov (statements only). functioning and working principle of each
block. Design aspects using examples of
(iii) Classification of Robots.
humanoid, aerial, underwater and mobile
Classification of Robots as: field/terrain robots.
based (arial, ground, underwater) and control (ii) Identification of Robots.
based (manual, automatic): Meaning and
examples of each. Bio-inspired robots: Identification of robots (through
meaning, purpose and examples (humanoids, demonstration/ video/graphic details).
birds, snakes and insects). Illustration using an industrial robot (e.g.,
Industrial Robotic Arm), humanoid and

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 mobile robot. The idea that a mechanical body (ii) Using links and joints to create specific
can be of any form must be emphasized. motion.
3. Concepts in Robotics A detailed study of how links and joints
(i) Types of motion; motion in one-dimension help create specific motion. Identification
and two-dimension; types of joints and links. of links and joints used in a given system.
Examples for the demonstration can
Types of motion (linear, angular, and include Industrial Robot Arms.
circular); a brief understanding of motion in
one-dimension and two-dimension; types of (iii) Degree of freedom of a robot
joints (prismatic, revolute, and spherical); Definition; identification through
types of links (rigid and soft). Relevant illustration.
examples for each of the above.

PART II

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)

1. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence (AI) fairness, accountability, transparency,

interpretability and explainability.
(i) Meaning and brief history.
Definition of Artificial Intelligence; brief 2. Role of Data and Information, Evolution of
account of the history of AI since the time Computing
John McCarthy first coined the term in 1956;
(i) Data and Information: Types of Data (audio,
Turing Test, its use and importance.
visual, numeric, text); Data to Information.
(ii) Applications and Benefits of AI.
Understanding that data is pivotal to Artificial
Applications of AI in different fields: Intelligence. A brief introduction to how
commercial, industry, medical/health care, relevant data is identified, acquired, and
defense, banking, entertainment, transport, explored, as a precursor to the AI Project
security and agriculture. Commonly used AI Cycle.
applications in daily life such as, online
(ii) Evolution of Computing: Pre AI/ML Binary
shopping, search engines, chatbots, voice
Logic System, Conditional Gates,
assistants, entertainment portals, facial
Deterministic computing for deterministic
recognition, driver assisting vehicles,
problems.
augmented/ virtual reality.
An introduction to above mentioned topics,
Benefits of using AI - Automation, smart
with the emphasis that earlier computing was
decision making, assisting humans, remote
suited for only deterministic problems;
patient monitoring & monitoring the
explaining deterministic computing and
progression of contagious diseases, analysis
deterministic problems giving relevant
of data for research and development,
examples. Illustrating the limitations of
efficiently solving complex problems, speedy
deterministic computing in solving real life
disaster recovery strategy, performing
problems, Comparison between deterministic
recurring business tasks, reducing the
and probabilistic nature of real-life problems.
chances of manual errors, ensuring 24-hour
service availability with the same Note: Explanation of how AI can solve a new
performance and consistency throughout the class of problems, based on a probabilistic
day. paradigm. Hence Need for AI: Probabilistic,
real-life problems; The AI Discretion (AI is
(iii) Ethical considerations in AI.
not needed for solving deterministic
A brief understanding of ethics in artificial problems) for example –the difference in
intelligence including bias, prejudice, description of temperatures by a machine and
282
 a human. A machine would make a discrete (vi) Functions
distinction between cool and hot at a given
An understanding of both built in and user
temperature for instance if 35°C is hot, then
defined functions; the importance of
any temperature 34.9° C and below would be
functions to maintain modularity; arguments
cool. Humans would, however, describe the
given to a function (fixed and variable
temperature on a range of ‘cool, pleasant,
length); the concept of default arguments and
warm, hot’ and so on based on their subjective
return type of a function.
experience of the temperature.
4. AI Concepts and AI Project Framework
3. Introduction to Data and Programming with
Python (i) AI Concepts
(i) Familiarization with Python. Broad and narrow AI, strong versus weak AI.
Expert systems in AI (for e.g., Eliza).
Introduction to Python and its elementary
Computer vision (CV), Natural Language
concepts: object-oriented, high-level, general
Processing (NLP) and Neural Network (NN).
purpose programming language. Uses and
advantages of Python. (ii) Components and Stages (alias AI Project
Cycle).
(ii) Introduction to data types and variables.
Understanding of AI Project Framework,
Introduction to a simple python program
Stages involved in AI project: Problem
structure and the concept of indentation in
Scoping, Data Acquisition, Data Exploration,
Python, different data types in Python -
Modelling and Evaluation (brief
numeric (int, float), Boolean, sequence type
understanding of each).
(tuple, list, strings), sets and dictionary, an
understanding of what kind of data types INTERNAL ASSESSMENT- 100 Marks
should be used in different use cases.
Students are expected to do a minimum of
Introduction to variables and assignment of 15 assignments during the year to reinforce concepts
values. studied in class. The details are as follows:
(iii) Introduction to Operators. Details of Assignments to be done during the year
Usage of different operators (arithmetic,
logical, assignment, comparison, identity, Broad Area Number of
membership) on data types, kind of Assignments
statements which can be executed in Python.
Robotics 3
(iv) Conditional Statements
Introduction to blocks in Python, if Artificial Intelligence 2
conditions, if else conditions, nested if
conditions, if-else-if (elif) conditional block, Python (Programming) 10
case and switch. Shorthand conditional
statements. TOTAL 15
(v) Control Statements.
Meaning and use of loops in python. The teacher-in-charge should maintain a record of all
Different types of loops (while, for), nested the assignments done as a part of practical work
loops, syntax used. ‘for’ loop for different throughout the year and give it due credit at the time
types of iterables (list, tuple, string, of cumulative evaluation at the end of the year.
dictionary) along with the idea of break,
continue and pass statements, ‘while’ loop
and their use cases.

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SUGGESTED LIST OF ASSIGNMENTS: 9. To print the format: 1
Some sample problems are given below as examples. 11
The problems are of varying levels of difficulty: 111
Robotics 1111
1. Robots are becoming smarter day by day. 10. Generate the first n terms of a Fibonacci Series
Identify 5 unique smart robots and make a 0, 1,1, 2,3,5,8…
presentation in the class as a think pair.
Other possible scenarios:
2. “All robots are machines, but all machines are not
robots.” Prepare a writeup on the same. 11. Classroom:
3. Construct a Mind map of Robots and Robotic (i) Storing Student details.
Systems covering Features, Applications and (ii) Calculating percentages, CGPA.
Classification of Robots (refer to Mind Map – (iii) Generating report card: Function to enter
Tony Buzan). which student’s report card is being made.
Artificial Intelligence (iv) Function to fetch student details from the
saved data.
1. Think and plan a small presentation on how AI
(v) Function to display the final result.
could be used in classrooms. Which subjects
could be taught and how would teaching be (vi) If-else: Checking for scholarship.
different in an AI-enabled classroom? (vii) Iterating through student details and fetching
required details.
2. AI is a powerful tool; however, depending on
how it is used, it can be a blessing or a curse. 12. Environment System:
Discuss with examples. (i) Storing pollution levels, temperature details
3. Apply AI Project Framework to design of various cities.
Components and Stages required to make a (ii) Calculating average temperatures across
‘smart school’ as a use case in a chart. (Example different months.
of a Smart school: automated fee, homework, (iii) Creating a report of temperatures in
attendance, library management, etc.). summers in different cities.
Python Programming (iv) Function to fetch temperature details from
the saved data.
1. Create a mind map of various data types in Python (v) Function to display final result
with examples (refer to Mind Map – Tony Buzan).
(vi) If programs: which city has maximum and
2. Discuss the uses of Python functions like minimum temperature.
modularity, reducing repetition of code, keeping (vii) If-else programs: checking pollution level.
different functionalities separate.
(viii) If-elif : program to put cities into slabs of
3. Explain the different types of errors incurred high temperatures/pollution, iterating
while executing a Python script. through city temperature details and finding
hottest and coolest city.
4. Describe ‘while’ loop with example in Python.
13. E-Commerce: if-elif-programs: based on
5. Write Python code to generate “AI is a Powerful discount on online shopping.
Tool; however, it is to be used with “Discretion” For example: There is a sale for students on an
as output. e-commerce website on the occasion of Children’s
6. Write a Python algorithm to find the larger of the Day. A discount of 10% discount is being
two numbers. provided on stationery items, 12% on bags and
15% on laptops. Write an if-elif program to input
7. Input a number and check whether it is a prime student item choices and determine their total bill
or a composite number using Python. after the discounts.
8. Input two numbers and find their HCF and LCM NOTE: This list is indicative only. Teachers and
students should use their imagination to create
innovative and original assignments.

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 EVALUATION OF PROGRAMMING Evaluation of practical work (Assignments) will be
ASSIGNMENTS done as follows:
Proposed Guidelines for Marking Subject Teacher (Internal Examiner): 100 Marks
The teacher should use the criteria below to judge the Criteria Class Variable Coding and Execution
internal work done. Basically, four criteria are being (Total- design description Documentation OR
suggested: class design, coding and documentation, 100 (20 (20 marks) (20 marks) Output
variable description and execution or output. The marks) marks) (40
actual grading will be done by the teacher based on marks)
his/her judgment. One possible way: divide the
Excellent 20 20 20 40
outcome for each criterion into one of 4 groups:
excellent, good, fair/acceptable, poor/unacceptable,
then use numeric values for each grade and add to get Good 16 16 16 32
the total.
Fair 12 12 12 24
Class design:
Has a suitable class (or classes) been used? Poor 8 8 8 16

Are all attributes with the right kinds of types present?

Is encapsulation properly done?
LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS FOR
Is the interface properly designed? DEMONSTRATION
Is the logic or pseudocode and/or algorithm is correct? The following experiments can either be demonstrated
physically by the teacher using a Kit/ using audio-
Coding and Documentation:
visual material. Alternatively, these may be taken up
Is the coding done properly? (choice of names, no as group projects under the guidance of the teacher:
unconditional jumps, proper organization of
(i) Robotics Game
conditions, proper choice of loops, error handling code
layout). Is the documentation complete and readable? (ii) Intelligent Robotic Waste Bin
(class documentation, variable documentation,
Note: The purpose of these laboratory experiments
method documentation, constraints, known bugs – if
is to familiarize students with robotics systems.
any).
These are not a part of the evaluation.
Variable Description
.
Format for variable description:

Name of Data Type Purpose/

the Description
Variable

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 LABORATORY REQUIREMENTS
(For a Class of 30 students)
Robotics Game
Item Number
− An introductory DIY setup analogous to a
Computer Laboratory 15 Robotic Systems with Vibration motor, and
Desktop PCs with Python Coin battery.
installed − A Bristle Bot Race can be conducted as an
Registration ids on activity. Bristle bot is available as a kit and
30 can also be easily built using the following
Tinkercad for students
parts: Vibration Motor, Coin cell battery,
Miscellaneous Toothbrush head with the handle cut off,
Screwdrivers,
Allen wrench, double sided tape.
Soldering Station Intelligent Robotic Waste Bin

For Laboratory Experiments Intelligent Robotic Waste Bin works a

supervision device for waste. This device
Single Board Computer integrates select sensors to supervise the state of
(e.g. Arduino uno/nano ble waste. It includes:
sense, raspberry pi) 10 sets − an ultrasonic sensor to check the level of the
Robotics Components: waste, used to prevent overflows by alerting
Servo motors, Sensors, the garbage collection team.
wires, batteries, crimper, 10 sets − a temperature and humidity sensor to
LED monitor the waste environment
− a flame sensor to check for incandescent
waste and reduce the risk of fire
− a servo motor to open the lid whenever
someone comes in the vicinity of the waste
bin demonstration by teacher.

286
 CLASS X
THEORY- 100 Marks
There will be one written paper of two hours duration carrying 100 marks and internal assessment of 100 marks.
PART I
ROBOTICS
Note: Key concepts of Class IX need to be revised as a Non-contact Type Sensors). Functions of
prerequisite sensors.
1. New Age Robotic Systems (iii) Actuators
Warehouse Robots, Assistant Robots, Smart Brief understanding of actuators and their
Homes, Smart Schools, Smart mobility, application; types of actuators (linear and
Autonomous Cars/Driver Assisted Cars, rotary) with examples such as joints and
Autonomous Drones, Robotics for Medicine and wheels.
Healthcare, any other (give examples). Why NARS (iv) Controller for a Robotic System
are relevant and possible. Some common examples
of robotic systems such as, elevator. Examples of control systems from daily life:
regulation of fan, refrigerator, and air
2. From Robots to Cobots conditioner.
(i) Difference between a machine and a robot. Control systems in robotics: Meaning, functions
Difference between a machine and a robot: and working; differences between manual and
an understanding of how a robot must automatic control systems. Block diagrams to
continuously sense, maintain a certain speed be used to illustrate
and do a certain task that it is programmed (Input-controller-robot-feedback).
to do, using examples; identification of
machine/robot through illustrations. (v) Integrating Sensors, Actuators and Controller in
a Robotic System
(ii) Cobots
Illustration using a simple example: how
Meaning of Cobots (as robotic systems with angular position is measured by a position
humans in the loop, emphasizing the sensor of a robotic arm is controlled by driving
provision for human interaction and a multi the revolute joint using a motor.
robot system); difference between Cobot and
Robot, importance of cobots, a brief 4. Visualization, Design and Creation of
understanding of the progress from Robots Components
to Cobots. (i) Application of Mechanical Block of Robotics.
3. Components of Robots as a System Visualize, design and create components of a
(i) Introduction to Gears. robot.
Use of gears in robots- transmission and Using Tinkercad to visualize, design, and create
amplification of force, principles of gears, types the components of a robot; the different types of
of gears, gear ratio (brief understanding with joints: revolute and prismatic, RR Mechanism.
examples). (ii) Visualization of motion.
(ii) Sensors in Robotics. Use of Tinkercad to visualize motion of the
Types of Sensors based on application (Vision, components designed.
tactile, temperature, range and proximity 5. Integrating Robots as a System
detection, motion, navigation, speech
recognition) with examples only. Building simple robotic systems, wheeled mobile
robot, Single Board Computer coding
Classification of sensors as Internal Sensors
(Position, Velocity, Acceleration and Force Using Tinkercad to build simple robotics systems, for
Sensors) and External Sensors (Contact type, example, RR Mechanism. Building simple systems up
to a mobile robot with four wheels.
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 PART II
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Note: Key concepts of Class IX need to be revised as a 3. Components of AI Project Framework

prerequisite.
(i) Problem Scoping
1. Decision making in Machines/ Computers
Understanding of problem and finding out
(i) Automated versus Autonomous Systems. which factors affect the problem, defining the
Concept of Automated versus Autonomous goal of the project. The 4 Ws: Who, What,
Systems for Deterministic versus Probabilistic Where, Why. The Problem Statement .
versus. (ii) Data Acquisition
(ii) Decision Making. Types of Data, Data Features, Data Sources,
Human versus machine decision making as Training and testing Data and System Maps.
subjective and objective respectively; An Importance of acquiring relevant data from
understanding of object classification by reliable sources.
humans and computers/machines. Sources of Dataset in AI – Kaggle Platform
(iii) Machine Learning (ML). (iii) Data Exploration
A brief understanding of Machine Learning, An understanding of different ways of
role of data and information. Steps in machine representing data to gather meaningful
learning. Importance of programming and information: Bar graphs/ histograms, line
algorithms in teaching machines/computers in graphs, scatter plots, pie charts.
subjective decision making.
(iv) Modelling and Evaluation
Example such as fruit sorting.
Approaches in AI data modelling: Prediction
2. Machine Intelligence and Cybersecurity in – linear regression. Rule based approach,
Computing learning based approach, supervised
(i) Machine Intelligence – Turing Test. learning, unsupervised learning (brief
understanding of each).
Human intelligence vs Machine Intelligence;
role of the Turing test in AI: a brief 4. Introduction to Data and Programming with
understanding only; connectivity between Python
human intelligence and machine intelligence.
(i) Modules and Packages.
(ii) Cybersecurity
Scope and uses of packages, modules and
A basic understanding of security and ethical libraries like NumPy, Pandas, SciPy,
issues such as the unauthorized use of Matplotlib; implementation using simple
hardware, theft of software, disputed rights to programs in python.
products, the use of computers to commit
fraud, the phenomenon of hacking and data An understanding of what libraries are and why
theft, sabotage in the form of viruses, we need them in the first place, the syntax of
responsibility for the reliability of output, importing libraries.
making false claims for computers, and the (ii) Lists and Tuples in Python.
degradation of work.
Introduction to lists, creation of list, access
elements of a list, list operations (append,
insert, extend, sort, search)

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 Introduction to tuples, creation of tuple, SUGGESTED LIST OF ASSIGNMENTS:
accessing tuples, deleting a tuple, and
Some sample problems are given below as examples.
converting list to tuple and vice-versa.
The problems are of varying levels of difficulty:
(iii) Strings
Robotics
Introduction to strings, creating strings,
1. Make a presentation on the difference between a
traversing a string, multiline strings,
machine/robot/cobot.
concatenating strings, escape sequences. String
operators, string in-built functions: 2. Technology is evolving at a fast pace. What does it
mean for us? Discuss.
int string.len()
3. Are smart systems making humans less smart?
string string.upper()
Discuss.
string string.lower()
4. Prepare a report on robotics systems being used in
boolean string.endswith(value) different spheres of life?
boolean string.startswith(value) Artificial Intelligence (AI)
int string.find(value) 1. Create a concept map of a smart transport
management systems for a school. (Refer Tony
boolean string.islower()
Buzan concept map).
string string.replace(oldvalue, newvalue)
2. Create a chart for AI enabled query management
int string.count(value) system for a school. (Refer Tony Buzan concept
boolean string.isalpha() map). Use AI Project Framework.

boolean string.isdigit() 3. Ideate and prepare a presentation on how AI could

be used in a school. Which areas in a school can be
boolean string.isalnum() benefitted using AI? Using AI Project framework
string string.join(iterable) ideate the implementation of AI towards a smart
school.
string string[start:end:step]
Python Programming

INTERNAL ASSESSMENT- 100 Marks 1. Create a list of all students in your class and sort
them in alphabetical order.
Students are expected to do a minimum of
20 assignments during the year to reinforce concepts 2. Find a word string of interest in a given sentence.
studied in class. The details are as follows: For the same string match for exact case if a
particular word string is present in a given sentence.
Details of Assignments to be done during the year Display output “String Name Found”, or “String
Broad Area Number of Name Not Found”
Assignments 3. Make a dictionary dataset of all cities in India and
Robotics 3 store their average temperature and pollution
details.
Artificial Intelligence 2
4. Create Numpy arrays
Python (Programming) 15
a) Getting elements from Numpy arrays using
TOTAL 20 index values.
b) Numpy array slicing.
The teacher-in-charge should maintain a record of all c) Getting Numpy array shape and reshaping
the assignments done as a part of practical work them.
throughout the year and give it due credit at the time of
d) Iterating a Numpy array.
cumulative evaluation at the end of the year.
e) Join and split Numpy arrays.
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 f) Searching and sorting of Numpy arrays, EVALUATION OF PROGRAMMING
g) Using mean, median and mode methods given ASSIGNMENTS
in Numpy, The teacher-in-charge shall evaluate all the
5. Display an image using matplotlib and print its programming assignments done by the student
numpy array form. Also check the data type and throughout the year (both written and practical work).
shape of the numpy array. Use the library ‘skimage’ He/she shall ensure that most of the components of the
for getting sample images. syllabus have been used appropriately in the
assignments. Assignments should be with appropriate
6. Reading a .csv file into a Pandas DataFrame .
list of variables and comment statements. The student
7. Reading json data into a Pandas DataFrame. has to mention the output of the programs.
8. Basic data analysis on data with info(), tail(), Proposed Guidelines for Marking
head() commands.
The teacher should use the criteria below to judge the
9. Plotting x and y point arrays on a plot.
internal work done. Basically, four criteria are being
10. Using different type of markers and line styles on suggested: class design, coding and documentation,
the plot. variable description and execution or output. The actual
11. Declaring labels for the axis. grading will be done by the teacher based on his/her
(Plot selling price and original price). judgment. One possible way: divide the outcome for
12. Plotting bar graphs - Use the bestselling book each criterion into one of 4 groups: excellent, good,
fair/acceptable, poor/unacceptable, then use numeric
dataset to plot year wise data and find out what
values for each grade and add to get the total.
genre was bestselling across years.
13. Plotting histograms - Use the top 200 YouTubers’ Class design:
dataset to plot and find out what genre was most Has a suitable class (or classes) been used?
liked. Also plot followers using histogram for each
genre. Are all attributes with the right kinds of types present?
14. Regression Assignment (Predicting the Future) - Is encapsulation properly done?
Plot the relationship between the year and the Is the interface properly designed
average temperatures. Can you predict the average
temperature for future years? What do you infer Coding and Documentation:
from the trend? Is the coding done properly? (Choice of names, no
15. Creating a normal distribution and displaying in unconditional jumps, proper organization of conditions,
graph (using Numpy + Matplotlib) - Display the proper choice of loops, error handling, code layout) Is
scores of students in a graph and check if it is a the documentation complete and readable? (class
normal distribution? What is the mean, median and documentation, variable documentation, method
mode of this data? documentation, constraints, known bugs - if any).
16. Write a Python program to calculate the electricity Variable description:
bill. Accept the last meter reading and current
meter reading and the rate per unit from the user. Format for variable description:
Calculate the number of units and total bill Name of the Data Purpose/description
consumption for the user. Variable Type
17. A company decided to give bonus of 5% to an
employee if his/her year of service is more than 5
years. Write a Python program to ask the user for
their salary and year of service and print the net
bonus amount. Execution or Output:
NOTE: This list is indicative only. Teachers and Does the program run on all sample input correctly?
students should use their imagination to create
innovative and original assignments.

290
Evaluation of programming assignments will be All these are excellent examples of sensors in action.
done as follows: These robots can help in understanding how the sensors
interface with the microcontrollers to automate a
Subject Teacher (Internal 50 marks
specific tasks.
Examiner)
A plethora of examples of these systems are found in
External Examiner 50 marks
manufacturing plants, autonomous driving vehicles,
space programs, automatic vacuum cleaners etc.
Criteria Class Variable Coding and Execution
(Total- design description Documentation OR The fundamental design of these robots are strategically
50 (10 (10 marks) (10 marks) Output placed sensors which enable them to work in a more
marks) marks) (20
marks)
specialised manner. Both the Line Following and Edge
Detection Robots employ a couple of IR sensors but
Excellent 10 10 10 20 their placement makes them perform different tasks.
Good 8 8 8 16 In case of Line Follower, the IR sensors are placed close
Fair 6 6 6 12
to each other to help in following a predefined path
whereas, the edge detector has widely placed IR sensors
Poor 4 4 4 8
to maximise coverage area thus preventing itself from
falling off from a surface. The Obstacle Avoider Robot
An External Examiner shall be nominated by the Head
employs an Ultrasonic Sensor which automatically
of the School and may be a teacher from the faculty, but
detects if any object comes in front of it at a pre-defined
not teaching the subject in the relevant section/class. For
distance and changes its course accordingly.
example, A teacher of Computer Science of class XII
may be deputed to be the External Examiner for LABORATORY REQUIREMENTS
class X. (For a Class of 30 students)
The total marks obtained out of 100 are to be sent to Item Number
CISCE by the Head of the school.
Computer Laboratory Desktop 15
The Head of the school will be responsible for the online PCs with Python and Tinkercad
entry of marks on CISCE’s CAREERS portal by the due installed
date.
Registration ids on Tinkercad for 30
LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS FOR student user
DEMONSTRATION
Miscellaneous Screwdrivers,
The following experiments can either be demonstrated Allen wrench,
physically by the teacher using a Kit/ using audio- visual soldering
material. Alternatively, these may be taken up as group station
projects under the guidance of the teacher.
For Laboratory Experiments
Programmable Mobile Robots:
Single Board Computer (e.g. 10 sets
*Line follower, Obstacle avoidance and Edge Detection Arduino uno/nano ble sense,
Mobile Robots. raspberry pi)
Note: The purpose of these laboratory experiments is Robotics Components: Servo 10 sets
to familiarize students with robotics systems and are motors, sensors (Ultrasonic,IR),
not a part of the evaluation. wires, batteries, crimper, LED
*A line follower robot will be able to follow a drawn line Programmable Mobile Robots: Line follower,
on the floor and move accordingly. An obstacle obstacle avoidance and Edge Detection Mobile
avoidance robot will be able to detect any solid object Robot.
that comes along its path and change its direction to
avoid it. An edge detection mobile robot will move on The aforementioned Programmable mobile robots
the table be able to detect the edges and prevent itself are available as a DIY kit and can also be easily
from falling off the table. built using the Robotic components.

291