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36 views10 pages

Final Draft in Progress

Uploaded by

aayanqaiserk
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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What is the name of our instrument?

The name of our instrument


is the Armenian zurna.
It is a woodwind instrument made.
It is usually called ‘Davul-Zurna’
as it is mostly played with the ‘dhol’
(another Armenian instrument).
Where did it originate from?

The zurna is rumored to be originated in China however


variations of the original instrument appear across all Middle
Eastern countries. However, its original location is still not
confirmed. The zurna shares similarities with the mizmar and
is widely used in the folk music of various countries and
regions, including Armenia, Iran, Algeria, Azerbaijan,
Central Asia, Iraq, Syria, Turkey, Greece, Bulgaria, North
Macedonia, The Maghreb, Albania, Serbia, Bosnia, and
other Caucasian countries. Over time, its popularity has
extended to India, China, Korea, and Eastern Europe. The
zurna is the direct predecessor of the European shawm and
has connections to the Chinese suona, still employed in
weddings, temple, and funeral music today. In Japan, the
camera, a smaller variant of the zurna, is traditionally
associated with itinerant noodle vendors, although this
tradition is fading, and a recorded camera is often used
instead.
Cultural Significance

The Armenian zurna was used for national


weddings and was played during ancient
wartime for the soldiers that fought in war.
They were also used for village celebrations,
and they were combined with a large drum or
a davul. The zurna would put a happy tune in
the air and is used to for events that have a lot
of music , people and dancing.
How has the Zurna developed through history?
In excavations at the Royal Cemetery in
the Sumerian city of Ur, musical
instrument artifacts were found.
Nine lyres (the Lyres of Ur), two harps,
a silver double flute, a sistrum, and
cymbals are among the first ensembles
of instruments to be found. We are
aware that the zurna originated in
Central Asia and prehistoric Asia Minor
(the Anatolian peninsula). Stone reliefs
and paintings created by the Hittites,
an illustrious and strong civilization
that ruled Asia Minor from around 2000 to
1200 before Christ (B.C. ), clearly depict facsimiles
of the zurna.
What is it made of?

The Armenian Zurna is made from hardwood


(usually apricot or plum). The zurna has many
Different types and varieties however the most
common is the Armenian zurna. Like the oboe,
the zurna can be found in a wide number of places
depending on the reed that thrives there. The reed
is usually made from bamboo. It has seven holes on
the front and one thumb hole. The instrument varies
between 60 to 30 cm in length.
How is the sound produced?

They make sound by forcing air over a reed. The air causes
the reed to vibrate and creates sound. To change pitch you
have to tune the instrument using the 7 holes. Playing the
zurna demands significant pressure to produce any sound,
and once it does, the tone is consistently loud, high-pitched,
intense, and penetrating. The zurna is well-suited for
continuous play through circular breathing, as it requires
high pressure. To support the lip muscles handling the
intense air pressure during lengthy playing sessions, a small
pacifier-style disk is utilized for relaxation and recovery.
However, due to its consistent volume and uninterrupted
playing style, the zurna is not ideal for accentuating the
rhythm. To tackle this, it is commonly performed alongside
big drums that provide both rhythm and lower frequencies,
which carry further than the zurna's loud, high-pitched
sound. With its cylindrical bore and bell opening in a
parabolic curve, the zurna is specifically designed to project
its sound directly forward. This loud and focused sound,
combined with the accompaniment of big drums, has
historically made it a popular choice for outdoor
performances during festive events like weddings and public
celebrations. Additionally, it has been employed for making
official announcements to gather crowds, leading to its use in
Janissary bands and military music. Having seven front holes
and one thumb hole, the zurna encompasses a range of over
one octave, including some transposition.
Example Piece

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1Qt4y-xQV4
Description of the instrument in the piece using the concepts of music: (Pitch,
Duration, Tone Colour, Structure, Texture, Dynamics, and Expressive
Techniques)

Overall, in the piece the pitch was crescendo. The song started as a forte and then crescendo until
Fortissimo. The music returns to forte and then crescendo until it reaches fortissimo. The music is
glissando with a bit of staccato in between. Starting at medium pitch to a high pitch in the end. The
tempo of the song was moderato in the beginning and started getting faster until the middle, where
there was a pause and the man started playing moderato and then it started the crescendo effect.
The texture of the piece is that the main instrument is the centre of the song and supporting
instruments are played according to its beat. The structure of the piece is:

f ff f ff
Bibliography

 About: Zurna. (n.d.). Dbpedia.org. https://dbpedia.org/page/Zurna

 Armenian Zurna Instructions info on how to play zurna / www.dudukOnLine.com Armenian Duduk Zurna

Shvi. (n.d.). Www.duduk.com. Retrieved August 19, 2023, from

http://www.duduk.com/Arm-music-ins/Zurna/Info-Zurna/index.html

 Flag of Armenia. (n.d.). Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-Armenia

 Hoy Nar Nar & Zurna Par: Armenian Zurna by Albert Vardanyan. (n.d.). Www.youtube.com. Retrieved

August 19, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1Qt4y-xQV4

 My Private Zangezur. (n.d.). Zangezur.tripod.com. Retrieved August 19, 2023, from

https://zangezur.tripod.com

 Traditional Instruments of Armenia. (n.d.). Www.youtube.com. Retrieved August 19, 2023, from

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DnqrUonOt7Y

 Traditional Instruments of Armenia. (n.d.). Www.youtube.com. Retrieved August 19, 2023, from

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DnqrUonOt7Y

 Zurna. (2007, April 12). Armeniapedia; Armeniapedia. https://armeniapedia.org/wiki/Zurna#:~:text=Zurna

%20is%20a%20wind%20instrument%20made%20of%20apricot,public%20celebrations%20such%20as

%20weddings%20and%20other%20gatherings.

 Zurna, side view with sections, mechanical drawing. (n.d.). Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540

USA. Retrieved August 20, 2023, from https://www.loc.gov/resource/afc1940001.afc1940001_d28501/?

r=-0.524

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