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    Module 2 Introduction To DaLA VF

    Uploaded by

    Gere Tassew
    DA

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    Module 2 Introduction To DaLA VF

    Uploaded by

    Gere Tassew
    7 views47 pages
    DA

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    Module_2_Introduction_to_DaLA_VF

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    DA

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    7 views47 pages

    Module 2 Introduction To DaLA VF

    Uploaded by

    Gere Tassew
    DA

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 47

    Module 2:

    Introduction to Damage
    and Loss Assessment
    ASEAN Training of Trainers (TOT) on
    Damage and Loss Assessment (DaLA)
    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment

    MODULE 2: OVERVIEW

    • Duration: 2 Hours
    • Topics:
    • Understanding Post-Disaster Damage and Loss
    Assessments (DaLA)
    • Key Steps in the Assessment Process
    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment

    MODULE 2: OVERVIEW

    • Learning Outcomes:
    • Participants will become familiar with key concepts and terminology
    associated with the Damage and Loss Assessment (DaLA)
    methodology.
    • Participants will achieve a working knowledge of the steps involved in
    completing an assessment.
    Understanding
    Post-Disaster DaLA
    Module 2: Introduction to Damage
    and Loss Assessment
    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment

    INTRODUCTION TO DaLA

    • Methodology to assess post-disaster damage and losses –


    developed by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the
    Caribbean (ECLAC) in 1972
    • Steady advancement – most recent ECLAC guidance document:
    Handbook for Disaster Assessment (2014)
    • Adapted for use in other countries and adopted by the World Bank
    • DaLA Guidance Notes, Volumes 1-3
    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment

    INTRODUCTION TO DaLA

    • May be implemented independently or as part of a Post-


    Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA):
    • Includes a Damage and Loss Assessment (DaLA), and
    • Human Recovery and Needs Assessment (HRNA)
    • Identification of social impacts and societal recovery needs
    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment

    PDNA Process
    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment

    DaLA Process
    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment

    INTRODUCTION TO DaLA

    • DaLA measures the impacts of a natural disaster on:


    • Physical assets (damage)
    • Economic flows (losses)
    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment

    DALA FRAMEWORK

    • Damage:
    • Total or partial destruction of physical assets existing in the affected
    area
    • Occurs during and immediately after the disaster
    • Measured in physical units (e.g., square meters; kilometers of roads)
    • Expressed in terms of reconstruction or replacement costs according to
    prices prevailing just before the event
    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment

    DALA FRAMEWORK

    • Losses:
    • The changes in economic flows arising from the disaster
    • Occur until full economic recovery and reconstruction is
    achieved (sometimes lasting for several years)
    • Expressed in current monetary values
    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment

    DALA FRAMEWORK

    • Examples of Losses:
    • Decline in output in productive sectors (e.g., agriculture,
    manufacturing)
    • Lower revenues and higher operational costs in the provision of
    services (e.g. education, health, electricity)
    • Unexpected expenditures necessary to meet humanitarian needs
    during the post-disaster emergency phase
    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment

    DALA FRAMEWORK

    • Value of damage:
    • Used as the basis for estimating reconstruction needs
    • Value and type of losses:
    • Provide the means for estimating the overall socio-economic
    impact of the disaster and the needs for economic recovery
    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment

    DALA FRAMEWORK

    • The socio-economic impact analysis estimates:


    • The disaster’s effects on economic performance
    • Temporary macro-economic imbalances that may arise
    • Temporary decline in employment, income and well-being of the
    individuals and households affected by the disaster
    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment

    Damage and Losses due the Aceh Earthquake and Tsunami, 2004
    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment

    2006 YOGYAKARTA AND CENTRAL JAVA


    EARTHQUAKE

    • Distribution of Damage
    and Losses among
    Sectors
    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment

    SCOPE OF THE ASSESSMENT

    • DaLA is conducted for the entire area affected by the


    disaster, and is broken down by:
    • Geo-political divisions
    • All sectors of economic activity that may have sustained
    disasters effects
    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment

    SCOPE OF THE ASSESSMENT

    • Sectors typically assessed:


    • Social Sectors
    • Culture, Education, Health, Housing
    • Infrastructure Sectors
    • Telecommunications, Power and Energy, Transportation, Water and Sanitation
    • Productive/Economic Sectors
    • Agricultural, Livestock, Fisheries, Commerce, Industry or Manufacturing, Tourism
    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment
    Housing
    Infrastructure
    Transport and Communications
    Energy
    Water and Sanitation
    Social Sectors
    Education
    Health and Social Protection
    Culture and Religion
    Productive Sectors
    Agriculture
    Trade
    Industry
    Tourism
    Cross-Sectoral
    Government
    Banking and Finance
    Environment

    Sectors Assessed, Yogyakarta Earthquake, 2006


    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment

    ASSESSMENT TIMELINE

    • For a safe and efficient assessment:


    • Emergency relief activities and search and rescue operations should be
    completed or nearly completed
    • The natural phenomenon that caused the disaster must be over, such that
    the effects of the disaster are visible (e.g., flood waters receded), and
    there is adequate road access to affected areas
    • Local government staff and sector specialists are available to participate
    in the assessment
    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment

    ASSESSMENT TIMELINE

    • Typically begins 1-2 weeks after a disaster has occurred


    • Time prior to the assessment can be used to:
    • Gather baseline information
    • Provide training to those participating in the assessment
    • Can take 2-8 weeks to complete, depending on
    • Complexity of the disaster, size of affected area and available
    expertise
    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment

    Typical DaLA Assessment Timeline and Associated Activities


    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment

    Group Activity
    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment
    What are the Implications for Recovery?
    Damage and Losses
    4,500

    4,000

    3,500

    3,000

    2,500

    2,000

    1,500

    1,000

    500

    0
    Housing Transportation Manufacturing Education Health Power and Water and Agriculture - Fisheries Tourism
    Energy Sanitation Crops

    Damage (USD million) Losses (USD million)


    Key Steps in the
    Assessment Process
    Module 2: Introduction to Damage
    and Loss Assessment
    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment

    KEY STEPS IN THE ASSESSMENT PROCESS

    1) Develop a Baseline for the Assessment


    2) Determine the Post-Disaster Situation
    3) Assess Post-Disaster Sector Performance
    4) Estimate Total Value of Damage and Losses
    5) Estimate Macro-Economic Impact of Damage and Losses
    6) Estimate Impact on Personal/Family Income
    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment

    STEP 1: DEVELOP A BASELINE FOR THE ASSESSMENT

    • Provides a picture of the prevailing conditions prior to the


    disaster
    • Foundation for the estimation of damage and losses
    • Critically important to be able to discern:
    • Level of damage to physical assets resulting from the disaster
    • How the provision of basic services have been affected
    • The changes in production and sales
    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment

    STEP 1: DEVELOP A BASELINE FOR THE ASSESSMENT

    • Baseline of Physical Assets refers to:


    • Existing facilities in the affected area (before the disaster occurred)
    • Nearby facilities that may provide services to the affected area on a
    temporary basis
    • Examples of baseline data:
    • Number and type of health facilities
    • Length and type of roads
    • Number and type of housing units
    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment

    STEP 1: DEVELOP A BASELINE FOR THE ASSESSMENT

    • Baseline data is also essential for determining losses


    • Refers to the performance of all economic activities in the
    affected area:
    • As projected for the current and subsequent 2 years
    • Measured as the volume and value of production sales of goods
    and services, etc.
    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment

    STEP 1: DEVELOP A BASELINE FOR THE ASSESSMENT

    • Examples of Baseline Data describing losses:


    • Calendar of agriculture production activities (annual crops and plantations)
    • Statistical information on volume of production, yields, prices
    • Production and sales forecasts for ongoing and subsequent years in each
    sector
    • Volume and value (rates) of essential services (electricity, water and
    sanitation, transportation and communications)
    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment

    STEP 2: DETERMINE THE POST-DISASTER SITUATION

    • Describes the post-disaster scenario


    • Field survey, analysis of satellite imagery, and inputs from local
    sector specialists are used to:
    • Assess the level of damage (total or partial) to physical assets in each
    sector
    • Determine how each sector will perform on a temporary basis after
    the disaster (until recovery and reconstruction are achieved)
    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment

    STEP 2: DETERMINE THE POST-DISASTER SITUATION

    • This step results in:


    • Preliminary calendar or schedule for the reconstruction of
    physical assets
    • Corresponding post-disaster, preliminary performance forecast
    of socio-economic activities in each affected sector
    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment

    STEP 2: DETERMINE THE POST-DISASTER SITUATION

    • To develop the preliminary calendar for reconstruction, the


    following information is collected:
    • A typology of physical assets (by size, capacity, construction
    materials, etc.)
    • Unit repair costs and reconstruction estimates for those assets, not
    affected by scarcity or speculation
    • A preliminary calendar of repair and replacement of physical assets
    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment

    Month

    Example - Water Supply based on Damages to Water Supply Plant


    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment

    Example - Water Demand Based on Damage to Housing Sector


    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment

    Example - Water Shortage in the Affected Area


    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment

    STEP 3: ASSESS POST-DISASTER SECTOR PERFORMANCE

    • This step of the assessment process:


    • Examines the disaster impacts to each sector
    • Comparison of sector performance indicators from before and after the
    disaster
    • Discussed in greater detail in Module 5: Conducting Sectoral
    Assessments
    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment

    STEP 3: ASSESS POST-DISASTER SECTOR PERFORMANCE

    • Assessment Team should include:


    • Expertise in each sector (e.g. engineers, sociologists, economists, etc.)
    • Members who are well-acquainted with the assessment methodology and
    with the affected area’s socio-economic conditions
    • Government officials representing the line ministries covering all sectors of
    economic activity
    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment

    STEP 4: ESTIMATE TOTAL VALUE OF DAMAGE AND LOSSES

    • Aggregates the total value of damages and losses for each sector
    and sub-sector
    • All sectors must be included to determine the overall disaster
    effects
    • Important to consider linkages between sectors
    • Identify issues of double-counting or omission
    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment

    STEP 4: ESTIMATE TOTAL VALUE OF DAMAGE AND LOSSES

    • Total value of damage and losses obtained in this step is used in


    subsequent analyses
    • Macro-economic impact of damage and losses
    • Impact on personal/family income
    • Helps define economic recovery and reconstruction needs
    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment

    STEP 5: ESTIMATE MACRO-ECONOMIC IMPACT


    OF DAMAGE AND LOSSES

    • Calculates the disaster impact on:


    • Gross domestic product (GDP)
    • Balance of trade and payments (BOP)
    • Fiscal budget
    • Other macro-economic aggregates

    • Baseline information regarding the most recent estimates or


    projections of macro-economic variables is required
    • e.g., GDP, BOP, and fiscal budget for current and forthcoming years for non/pre-disaster
    conditions
    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment

    STEP 5: ESTIMATE MACRO-ECONOMIC IMPACT


    OF DAMAGE AND LOSSES

    • Impact on GDP examines:


    • Temporary negative repercussion of disaster losses on economic performance
    • Any positive effects on the various sectors that may have resulted due to recovery and
    reconstruction process (i.e., improvements to infrastructure)
    • Data for GDP should include a breakdown by sectors
    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment

    STEP 5: ESTIMATE MACRO-ECONOMIC IMPACT


    OF DAMAGE AND LOSSES

    • Impact on BOP involves estimating:


    • Increase in imports and decline of exports arising from the disaster
    • Possible reinsurance payments from abroad and relief donations from the international
    community

    • Disaster impacts on the public sector budget are estimated in terms of:
    • Increased operational costs
    • Lower revenues
    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment

    STEP 5: ESTIMATE MACRO-ECONOMIC IMPACT


    OF DAMAGE AND LOSSES

    • Data for GDP and fiscal budget should be obtained in current


    values of local currency
    • Data for BOP should be expressed in current U.S. dollars
    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment

    STEP 6: ESTIMATE IMPACT ON PERSONAL/FAMILY INCOME

    • Examines the relationship between production and the labor force


    • Includes an estimation of the decline in employment income due to losses
    sustained in the productive and services sector
    • Includes an estimation of employment opportunities brought about as a result
    of the emergency itself (e.g., reconstruction activities)
    • Loss of personal income can be estimated in relation to normal monthly
    income
    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment

    Case Studies:
    Exploring Post-Disaster
    Assessments
    Module 2: Introduction to Damage and Loss Assessment

    EXPLORING POST-DISASTER ASSESSMENTS

    • Working as a Team, review the case studies and answer the following
    questions on the flipcharts provided:
    • What methodologies were used to conduct the assessments?
    • What sectors were assessed?
    • Which sectors had the greatest damage and the greatest losses?
    • What similarities between assessments did you observe?
    • How were they different? (Be specific)
    • You have 30 minutes

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