Problem (1) (10 Marks)

Problem (1-a) (4 Marks)

Find the inverse Laplace of the following functions:

1 𝑌(𝑠)
(a) 𝑌(𝑠) = +
𝑠2 𝑠2 + 1

1 1 𝑠2 1
𝑌(𝑠) [1 − 2 ]= 2 ⇒ 𝑌(𝑠) [ 2 ]= 2
𝑠 +1 𝑠 𝑠 +1 𝑠

1 𝑠2 + 1 𝑠2 + 1 1 1
𝑌(𝑠) = 2 ( 2 ) = = +
𝑠 𝑠 𝑠4 𝑠2 𝑠4

𝟏
𝒚(𝒕) = 𝒕 + 𝒕𝟑
𝟔

(b) 𝑠 2 𝑋(𝑠) − 6𝑠 𝑋(𝑠) + 10 𝑋(𝑠) = 1

[𝑠 2 − 6𝑠 + 10] 𝑋(𝑠) = 1

1 1
𝑋(𝑠) = =
𝑠 2 − 6𝑠 + 10 (𝑠 − 3)2 + 1

𝒙(𝒕) = 𝒆𝟑𝒕 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕

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Problem (1-b) (6 Marks)

Given that the Laplace transform pair:

ℒ 2𝑠
𝑥(𝑡) →
𝑠2 + 2
where 𝑥(𝑡) = 0 for 𝑡 ≤ 0, determine the Laplace transform of the
following time signals:

(i) 𝑥(3𝑡)
𝑠
ℒ 1 𝑠 1 2 (3) 𝟐𝒔
𝑥(3𝑡) → 𝑋( ) = =
3 3 3 𝑠 2 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏𝟖
(3) + 2

(ii) 𝑥(𝑡 − 2)

ℒ 𝟐𝒔
𝑥(𝑡 − 2) → 𝑒 −2𝑠 𝑋(𝑠) = 𝒆−𝟐𝒔 ( )
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐

𝑑
(iii) 𝑥(𝑡) ∗ 𝑥(𝑡)
𝑑𝑡

𝑑 2𝑠 2
ℒ { 𝑥(𝑡) } = 𝑠 𝑋(𝑠) − 𝑥(0) = 2
𝑑𝑡 𝑠 +2

𝑑 ℒ 2𝑠 2𝑠 2 𝟒𝒔𝟑
𝑥(𝑡) ∗ 𝑥(𝑡) → . =
𝑑𝑡 𝑠 2 + 2 𝑠 2 + 2 (𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐)𝟐

(iv) 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑥(𝑡)

ℒ 𝟐(𝒔 + 𝟏)
𝑒 −𝑡 𝑥(𝑡) → 𝑋(𝑠 + 1) =
(𝒔 + 𝟏)𝟐 + 𝟐

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(v) 𝑡 𝑥(𝑡)

ℒ 𝑑 2(𝑠 2 + 2) − 2𝑠(2𝑠) 𝟐𝒔𝟐 − 𝟒

𝑡 𝑥(𝑡) → − 𝑋(𝑠) = − = 𝟐
𝑑𝑠 (𝑠 2 + 2)2 (𝒔 + 𝟐)𝟐

(vi) ∫ 𝑥(𝜏) 𝑑𝜏
0

𝑡
ℒ 𝑋(𝑠) 𝟐
∫ 𝑥(𝜏) 𝑑𝜏 → = 𝟐
𝑠 𝒔 +𝟐
0

Another Solution for (i), (ii), (iii) and (vi)

2𝑠
𝑥(𝑡) = ℒ −1 { 2 } = 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬(√𝟐 𝒕)
𝑠 +2

(i) 𝑥(3𝑡)

ℒ 2𝑠 𝟐𝒔
𝑥(3𝑡) = 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟑√𝟐 𝒕) → 2 =
𝑠 2 + (3√2) 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏𝟖

(ii) 𝑥(𝑡 − 2)

ℒ 𝟐𝒔 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟐√𝟐) + 𝟐√𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟐√𝟐)

𝑥(𝑡 − 2) = 2 cos(√2 𝑡 − 2√2 ) →
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐

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 𝑑
(iii) 𝑥(𝑡) ∗ 𝑥(𝑡)
𝑑𝑡

𝑑 ℒ −4
𝑥(𝑡) = −2√2 sin(√2 𝑡) →
𝑑𝑡 𝑠2 + 2

𝑑 ℒ 2𝑠 −4 −𝟖𝒔
𝑥(𝑡) ∗ 𝑥(𝑡) → . =
𝑑𝑡 𝑠 2 + 2 𝑠 2 + 2 (𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐)𝟐

(vi) ∫ 𝑥(𝜏) 𝑑𝜏
0

𝑡
2 ℒ √2 𝟐
∫ 2 cos(√2 𝜏) 𝑑𝜏 = sin(√2 𝑡) → √2 =
√2 𝑠 2 + 2 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐
0

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Problem (2) (20 Marks)

Problem (2-a) (7 Marks)

Use block diagram reduction to simplify the block diagram shown below
into a single block relating 𝑪(𝒔) to 𝑹(𝒔).

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Problem (2-b) (5 Marks)

Find the transfer function 𝑪(𝒔)/𝑹(𝒔) using Mason’s gain formula.

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Problem (2-c) (7 Marks)

Consider the control system shown below:

(a) Obtain the closed-loop transfer function using Mason’s gain formula.
(b) Draw the corresponding block diagram.

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Problem (3) (15 Marks)

Problem (3-a) (3 Marks)

For the FT 𝑿(𝒋𝝎) shown in the below figure, evaluate the following
quantities without explicitly computing 𝒙(𝒕):

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Problem (3-b) (7 Marks)

(i) Find the inverse FT of the following signal:

𝒅 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟐𝝎)
𝒀(𝒋𝝎) = [ 𝟒 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟒𝝎) ]
𝒅𝝎 𝝎

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(ii) Find the FT of the following signal:
𝟏
𝒚(𝒕) =
𝒂 + 𝒋𝒕

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Problem (3-c) (5 Marks)

Let 𝑥(𝑡) be a signal whose Fourier transform is given by:

𝑋(𝑗𝜔) = 𝛿(𝜔) + 𝛿(𝜔 − 𝜋) + 𝛿(𝜔 − 5)

and let
ℎ(𝑡) = 𝑢(𝑡) − 𝑢(𝑡 − 2)

(i) Is 𝑥(𝑡) periodic ? (verify your answer)

(ii) Is 𝑥(𝑡) ∗ ℎ(𝑡) periodic ? (verify your answer)

Solution
(i)
1 1 𝑗𝜋𝑡 1 𝑗5𝑡
IFT{𝑋(𝑗𝜔)} = 𝑥(𝑡) = + 𝑒 + 𝑒
2𝜋 2𝜋 2𝜋

2𝜋 2𝜋
𝑇1 = =2 & 𝑇2 =
𝜋 5

𝑇1 2 5
= = (𝐈𝐫𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐍𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫)
𝑇2 2𝜋/5 𝜋

Then, 𝑥(𝑡) is aperiodic

(ii)
𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝝎) −𝒋𝝎
FT{ℎ(𝑡)} = 𝐻(𝑗𝜔) = 𝒆
𝝎

Since, 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑥(𝑡) ∗ ℎ(𝑡)

Then, FT{𝑦(𝑡)} = 𝑌(𝑗𝜔) = 𝑋(𝑗𝜔). 𝐻(𝑗𝜔)

2 sin(𝜔) −𝑗𝜔
𝑌(𝑗𝜔) = [𝛿(𝜔) + 𝛿(𝜔 − 𝜋) + 𝛿(𝜔 − 5)] 𝑒
𝜔

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 2 sin(0) −𝑗0 2 sin(𝜋) −𝑗𝜋
𝑌(𝑗𝜔) = 𝑒 𝛿(𝜔) + 𝑒 𝛿(𝜔 − 𝜋)
0 𝜋

2 sin(5) −𝑗5
+ 𝑒 𝛿(𝜔 − 5)
5

2 sin(5) −𝑗5
𝑌(𝑗𝜔) = 2 𝛿(𝜔) + + 𝑒 𝛿(𝜔 − 5)
5

𝟏 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟓) −𝒋𝟓 𝒋𝟓𝒕

IFT{𝒀(𝒋𝝎)} = 𝒚(𝒕) = + 𝒆 𝒆
𝝅 𝟓𝝅

Then, 𝑦(𝑡) is periodic with period 𝑻𝟎 = 𝟐𝝅/𝟓 sec.

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Problem (4) (15 Marks)

(a) Find the inverse Fourier transform of the following signal without
using the table of CTFT:

1, −1≤𝝎≤1
𝑿(𝒋𝝎) = {
0 , otherwise

1 𝑗𝜔𝑡 1
1 𝑗𝜔𝑡 1 𝑒 1 𝑗𝑡 −𝑗𝑡
𝑥(𝑡) = ∫𝑒 𝑑𝜔 = [ ] = (𝑒 − 𝑒 )
2𝜋 2𝜋 𝑗𝑡 𝑗2𝜋𝑡
−1 −1

sin 𝑡 𝟏
𝑥(𝑡) = = 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐜(𝒕)
𝜋𝑡 𝝅

(b) Find the Fourier transform of 𝒙(𝒕) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐜 𝟐 (𝒕)

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(c) Find the Fourier transform of 𝒙(𝒕) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐜 𝟐 (𝒕) ∗ 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐜(𝒕)
(you can use the solution of a and b)

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Bonus (3 Marks):
Consider the two functions:

𝒇(𝒕) = 𝒖(𝒕) 𝒖(𝟑 – 𝒕)

𝒈(𝒕) = 𝒖(𝒕) − 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟑)

• Are the two functions identical ?

• Find the Laplace transform for both 𝑓(𝑡) and 𝑔(𝑡).

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