CONTENTS

DIGITAL LITERACY

1 Computer -Inside the System Unit

2 WindowS- Customizing and Personalizing
14

3 Word- Editing and Formatting

26

4 PowerPoint
47
CYBER ZONE
55 Internet- Surfing and Security
56

6
COMPUTATIONAL THINKING
Algorithm and Reasoning
66

CODING JUNCTION
More About Scratch 3
74
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
8 Al in Smart Homes
94
Worksheet-I 103
Worksheet-ll 105
Project Work 107
Additional Information 109
Fitness Tips and Tricks 112
1/Computer -Inside the System Unit

After completingthis chapter, you will be able to:

Understand about system unit.

Identify the components inside the system unit.

Identify the different types of ports in the system unit.

SEAreo

Have you ever seen inside

Hi Friends!
the box kept near the monitor?
Let us study what this box contains.

System Unit
System unit is a box-like case that stands near the monitor. Some
system units are also placed below the monitor.
System unit the most important part of a computer system.
is It

protects the internal electronic components from damage. It is

also called computer case.

The electronic components and most of the storage devices of a

computer reside inside the system unit.
other like keyboard, mouse, monitor, printer, speakers,
devices,
etc. normally occupy space outside the system unit. System Unit

Components Inside the Suystem Unit IT

Components inside the system unit include-Motherboard, CPU, Memory, Disk

Drives, Power Supply, and Ports.

MOTHERBOARD
4
PLANET-
A motherboard alarge circuit-board inside the system
is unit. (CODE

It is also known as system board or main board. AI)

It holds many electronic components such as the processor

(CPU) and main memory.
It also provides connectors for other external devices like

mouse, keyboard, monitor, etc. Motherboard

 CPU
Just like your brain controls each part of your body, the computer
also has a brain which controls its each part. That brain of the

computer is called Central Processing Unit (CPU).

Intel
All devices are connected to the computer first
that i9
communicate with the CPU in order to carry out a task. CPU is
also called Processor or Microprocessor.
CPU
Components of a CPU
ALU: The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)is a
component of the processor which
performs arithmetic, comparison, and logical
operations.
Arithmetic operations include basic calculations
such as addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division.
Comparison
operations involve comparing one data item with another.
For
examplegreaterthan, equal to, or less than.
Logical operations use conditions along with logical operators such as AND,
OR, and NOT.
Control Unit: The Control Unit (CU)controls all the
functions of a computer. It

checks the results given by ALU. It also checks what to do and when
to do.
Memory Unit: Memory Unit holds the data that needs to be processed as well as
the data that has already been processed by CPU.

Speed of CPU
The speed of CPU is measured in megahertz
(MHz)or gigahertz (GHz). The faster the speed.
of the CPU, the faster the computer operates.
The speedof CPU is increasing day-by-day.

MEMORY –RAM and ROM

LTD.

As we all memory that helps in remembering things, computer

have also has a
PVT.

memory which remembers many things by storing data inside it.

Just like solids are measured in grams (g) or kilograms (kg) and liquids are
measured in litres () or millilitres (ml), similarly the computer memory is

measured in bits or bytes.

PUBLISHERS
PM
A computer processes and stores data and instructions in the form of two digits,
o and 1. These digits are called the binary digits or bits. A bit is the smallest unit
of information that a computer can processand store. A group of4 bits is known
as nibble, and a group of 8 bits is called byte. A byte is the minimum space
required to store a character.
The table given below shows the units of memory and their equivalents.
1Byte (B) 1 character

1 Kilobyte (KB) 1024 Bytes (about 1 thousand characters)

1 Megabyte (MB) 1024 Kilobytes (about 1million characters)
1 Gigabyte (GB) 1024 Megabytes (about 1 billion characters)
1Terabyte (TB) 1024 Gigabytes (about 1 trillion characters)
1 Petabyte (PB) 1024 Terabytes (about 1 quadrillion characters)
1 Exabyte (EB) 1024 Petabytes (about 1 quintillion characters)
1Zettabyte (ZB) 1024 Exabytes (about 1sextillion characters)
1Yottabyte (YB) 1024 Zettabytes (about 1 septillion characters)
1Brontobyte (BB) 1024 Yottabytes (about 1octillion characters)

Computer memory usually consists of one or more chips such as RAM and ROM
on the motherboard.

RAM (Random Access Memnory)

RAM is called the primary memory or main
memory that stores data and instructions
temporarily in the computer. RAM
When you start the computer, certain get loaded from the storage device,
files

called hard disk, into RAM. These files remain in RAM for as long as the computer
is running. The program or work you execute on the computer also gets stored in
RAM temporarily till the time the computer is running.
RAM isa volatile memory. It loses its contents when the power is switched off.
For this reason, you must save your work on computer for future use. Saving is
the process of copying data from RAM to the hard disk.

ROM (ReadOnly Memory)

ROM is the Read Only Memory from which the information can only be read. As
the name suggests, the data on ROM chips can only be read but not modified.
IT
ROM stores data or instructions that need to be permanent.
Its contents are created at the time of manufacturing and d Infineon
PMA 7110
cannot be changed. helps the computer to get started. 4
PLANET-
It OInfineon 08
ROM is a non-volatile memory that means its contents are ii

not lost even when the power is switched off. ROM

(CODE
AI)
DISK DRIVES
Disk drives are used for storing data, instructions,and information for future use. 9
Some drives are also used for reading information. Hard disk drive, CD-ROM/DVD
/Blu-ray Drive are the drives fitted inside the system unit.
 Hard Disk Drive
The hard disk drive is used to store data and infornation for future

use. Most computers have a hard disk fitted inside the system unit.
Hard bisk Drive
WD Bhe
Solid State Drive (SSD)
An SSD, is a new type of storage device used in computers,
SSDs pertorm the same basic functionsas a hard drive but in
Solid-State Drive a very fast speed.

CD-ROM/DVD/Blu-ray Drive
ACD-ROM/DVD/Blu-ray Drlve reads information stored on
compact discs (CDs), DVDs, and Bluray discs. CD-ROM/DVD/Blu-ray Drive

SMPS (Switched-Mode Power Supply)

SMPS is a power supply unit in a computer used to transfer
power to it.

used to change the voltage as per the requirement of

It is
the computer. There is a fan fitted Inslde the SMPS that
keeps the power supply cool. SMPS

PORTS Power

number of holes and slots into which

Ports are a Port

USB
you plug in computer devices like monitor,
Ports
keyboard, mouse, etc. In a typical desktop
HDMI
computer, the back of the system unit contains Port

ports.In a laptop, these ports are on the sides. Monitor

Card Monitor Port

Network HDMI
Reader USB
Port Network
PQrt Port Ports
Port Port

Power Speaker
Port Port

LTD.

Mlcrophone
Co brive Speaker Microphone Port
PVT.
Port Port

Ports at the sides of Laptop Ports at the back of System Unit

PUBLUSHERS
Update Your Knowledge ,DoYou Know?
PM
A byte (character) is the basic storage unit in
Memory is like a carpenter's workshop. The raw materials
memory. When an application instructions and
are stored in another room (the hard drive) and the
10 data are transterred to memory fromn storage
carpenter (CPU) brings them into the workshop (memory)
devices, the instructions and dataexist as bytes.
when they are needed, When the carpenter has
Each byte resides temporarily in a location in
completed the work, the finished piece is moved from
memory that hasan address.
the workshop (memory) back to the room (storage).
 In a Nutshell

.
•
System
CPU is
unit

the brain
is a box like

of computer
case that stands near the monitor.

which controls its each part.

. RAM stores data

ROM stores data
and instructionstemporarily
or instructionsthat need to
in the computer.

be permanent.
• Disk drives are used
futureuse.
for storing data, instructions, and information for

SMPS isused to transfer power supply to the computer.

Ports are used to plug in computer devices.

Exercises

A. Tick [v]the correct answer.

1.
protects the internal electronic components from damage.
a. RAM b. ALU c. System Unit
2. controls each part of computer.

a. Motherboard b. CPU C. CD-ROM

3. Speed of a CPU is measured in

a. MHz b. GHz C. Both a. & b.

4. is a volatile memory.
a. Hard Disk b. RAM c. ROM
5. Fan fitted inside the keeps thepower supply cool.
a. CD-ROM M b. SMPS C. Ports IT

6. drives are used for storing data and instructions for future use.
a. ROMV b. CPU c. Disk
PLANET-4
B. Write 'T' for True and 'F for False statements.

1. Motherboard is also known as system board.

(CODE
AI)
2. Memory of the computer is measured in MHz.
3. RAM stores the data permanently.

4. Hard disk drive reads information stored on CDs/DVDs.

5. A group of 4 bits is known as nibble.

 Fill in the blanks.
1. A hexs a large circuit-board inside the system unit.

2. CPU is also called .2xAA ACKAAN or

3. hkrl... also called the primary memory.
is

4. 2.....s. new type of storage device.

a

5. ..Eis a Power Supply Unit in a computer used transfer power to it.

D. Write the full form of the following.

1.
CPU:
RAM:
Certip.osont.
(RaelgkLa
2.

3. ROM:
OM:
4. SMPS:
E. Differentiate between the following.
RAM ROM
NeniAtesatie

F. Answer the following questions.

1. What do you meap by system unit?

2. Write any two uses of motherboard in a computer.

3. What is the significanceof 'speed of CPU?

LTD.

4. What are ports? Write down the names of some ports.

PVT.
PUBLISHERS
G. Application-based Question Digital Literacy
PM
At home, your younger sister asks you as to where the computer
stores information and other stuff. What should be your reply?
12
Animation
 Activity Section

Activity Crossword
6 P
Solve the crossword poIzle,
1. Also known as main board
R
2. Used to store data and information
3. New type of storage device
CPU E 8> R
4. Also called

5. Power supply unit

6. A number of holes and slots
7. Also called main memory
S. A read-only memory R K

Activity Label
Write the name of the ports.

Ports at the sides of Laptop

Lab Activity
• andWith the help of your teacher, open the computer case Skill Formation
observe the different components fitted inside it. This activity enhances
the observation
Then open MS-Word and type the name of components
power and typing IT
you have seen inside the computer case. skills of the students.

Save the document as 'Computer Case'.

PLANET-4
Group Discussion
two groups and discuss RAM Vs ROM".
(CODE
Divide the students into the topic AI)

Online Link
To learn more about inside the system unit of computer, visit the website:
https:/lsites.google.com/site/computersavvy92/home/inside-the-system-unit