2. Explain the function of main memory, CPU and input/output module for the operation of stored program concept and sketch the top level view of computer main components.
3. By giving an example, demonstrate the steps taken during instruction fetch and instruction execute.
4. Sketch and explain the Instruction Cycle State diagram without Interrupts and with Interrupts for the actions taken by each of the state and distinguish the effectiveness between both cycles.
5. Two ways of dealing with multiple interrupts are by using Sequential and Nested process, explain in detail both process in handling multiple interrupts using an appropriate diagram.
6. Give a lists of an elements for designing any bus for processor and shortly explain each one of the elements in contributing towards bus design.
7. Explain Moore's Law and it’s important for future computer and processors design ?
8. Explain the three type of computer bus and differentiate the function of each bus?
9. Consider a hypothetical 32-bit microprocessor having 32-bit instructions composed of two
fields: The first byte contains the opcode and the remainder the immediate operand or an operand address. a. What is the maximum directly addressable memory capacity (in bytes) b. Discuss the impact on the system speed if the processor bus has: i. a 32-bit local address bus and a 16-bit local data bus or ii. a 16-bit local address bus and a 16-bit local data bus c. How many bits are needed for the Program Counter (PC) and the Instruction Register (IR)?
10. Compute zero- , one- , two- , and three-address machines by writing programs to compute : X = (A + B x C) / (D - E x F), for each of the four machines. The instructions available for use are as below: 0 Address 1 Address 2 Address 3 Address PUSH M LOAD M MOVE (X Y) MOVE (X Y) POP M STORE M ADD (X X + Y) ADD (X Y + Z) ADD ADD M SUB ( X X - Y) SUB (X Y-Z) SUB SUB M MUL (X X x Y) MUL (X Y x Z) MUL MUL M DIV (X X/Y) DIV (X Y/Z) DIV DIV M
1 11. All Intel based microprocessor manufacture used segmentation memory addressing rather than Flat addressing mode: i. Differentiate the Flat and Segmentation addressing mode ii. In real-mode, how many total memory that can be active at any given time iii. Determine the Physical memory address of the following segmentation: a. 23FB:FAB3H b. 1234:FFB3H c. 23FB:89FAH
12. Give 3 examples (register name and its abbreviation with available number of bits can be used) of the following available general-purpose and special-purpose registers for the 80386 microprocessor and define the usage of the registers respectively : i. Data Register ii. Index and Pointer Register iii. Segment Register iv. Flags Register
