Jnslrruchen

Jnct clossiahe
nsracheo
JnshzeCHo Addre (Sing
cuco
ngrhof

pe o in
urem
CT
htee address
a insrru ctioo.
Srrudio)'
TOO
3 One
modes
Zerto

Jo3 address insrtechio

OpodeA AR

Regisert memcny ke Cc

coher a ddrress 's Spe d e d

te) Srtc Cie. ), tort m at Calle d

Cedd rt
o pCcd.

he formoc 9rr uall

epic+ed
 ppeo C (o meDor
he
mos Comme
idsdoune io insme
Trmaf
bde hards
he
)The operation Ccleopcode)
-o b pentortmd
0n Opetatio
Speci
he address b
q l so epecities
Ahaed ep res ents a mcme address
address

ora piroceSSor og{se

mcde held had speciies the oGy

the
the operand or etlecdive addreds
' delen mined
opcode mode de,.oldr

X = (Ah B)Kc+D)
Acumcedahrt

one- Qddr Ze a
-addro ss jns 2 QdezesS in4>stma

RithJ) Mov RI,A ;R14D]

ADD RI,A , RtRH] PsH|B
ADD RBs
PD'D R2, c D RotfC ADD
Moy R; R24¢pad A; ACk-] PP

MOL Rik, SToRE T Ap

RKtRTR A]
MOV XR Pos
ATDPD M
XC AC GbH HC
lul TLAC]I7] LA
STORE X ,AC
Pdlo.
sAl
 Zerco addnes

POSH TOS A1
PsH Tos Pj
ADD TOs []AJ
PoPxi xl<Tos]
PUSH CTos4t
PUSH D) TO9-

ATDTDTos ([ct1
pusH xL; TOS -XT
MUL bo stTos-1
ros
PoP X; xf-TOS
To TOP o
statu
 K A +)+ (c +D)
add instu. [ Lerto - add
ddd_stmu To0-add tastrrle. 1ooe-
ADDR, A MOV R1, A: DA DA POSH A
ADD b posH B;
MaV CR ADD RI,
MOV CyRA stome . ADD;
PoP cC;

Mov R1, A LOATD A

MUL R AD
PUsHA
MuL posH,
MUL RBS
MUL R2, CD
AHUV R2 STORE T MUL
ADDY,,R2 MUL R, D Lofp c POP X;
IPUSH C
AADD RI,R2
9MuLp
PUSH D
ADDTTS
HOV ,R STURE X
MUL
D
PUsH X1,
AD
poP X

I7 10 12
Joshruc io) pes Cperecetion
hot de }he acors rrsponsible i
classhey1| he inc ro(he 2

Ans The ocs are

opCode:NNadcene o operrah o) on
one)

alet ; Tpe of dada binc detima

Operrano Locaho)
CL
ele)
 Inecocor) lengh
No. o addr ess helds

0 perr Cmd oCocioo CPo's (nter o a rs}

meroOrL

per and addess inq reters o he

me Hho d dhe 0perao
Spe Ciling
Loccetio).
Insuchior fensdh relens to oheather
he'nsdrueho) is byte te/ee
mo FTe hor hot nsriutho,

Her Co de o R 7
- 78

78

tfMOV
Zero ad d Simle od4, Tos add - No o
VarCiaS TPE
Oddress ields.
epec ding O p e r a tias 'nsuCtions
Qne Classed inw

Dade ronuter a c o insrtuctho),

2Atelhanedic. ns-tru eio),
0g'ca
Coro rrane
T/0 sttu
Trrapt oe
 o manipulatio),
6Ctrr ro) 'ostnc
es .o
Co
P7OC
Prro oR
Dae recans
Move
JalaDne
TmemÓNM
loccio o aotherr
Areilhm t i c
aruhometc operratios,
The se perforn
oca
TheSe perhnm boolea loq'tal
Opet Cei on e
Conte trcungte
prrgm emeeuto
Thes e
Seg ueOce.

anster ntortmatio bef

Tlo instmu
eterral peruphen als CPO memon
Srin manipela h o ) .
Thes e manipulate s-rungs o h
Cccbmd Oouble cord ete
OnsJat e
These Convert he dada
9O9
o rmal70 anhert
rtocE soc Codrro

Thes e tngtrw. Coro prretessom

6peraian
 Mne mem O ( iChon

Laa-}Tanse
MOVE LopD TORE, POsh, PoP) xe
CH
CLEAR SET
Hrehmehiinatn
AD, ADC SOB, sUB ADI Son,
1uL, DIV, NEG, 1NR INC DECSHTA
ADC, oS,
Add coid Canu
TAC Ca +[aC]+ B
SU2 Sabractio wdb BorcTo
7 NE G chang he Sio)oh
Opetrao d
INC (ncremeDt

INR Jocnemen .
SHIFT A chid aidhmeicallq.
shi he operoodle
ort ght coHh Siq
etensi.
ogpccel NOT ORAN D) y-OR
SHIFT ROT, TEST
 ROTRotafioo.

Totesh a Speihed Cond2

TesT Usedo RESET a percticcela
Orc
SET

Phaa
)Centro) Transter RET, INT
RET, NT,
JUMP, TOMPIF
, ToMP sOB,
RET boP.

enten he speertied
Lranth )
TUMP
a ddress PC
Cond, or Cond
TOMP rconC hing On

ihioal ans torem

Se JOMPSUB
-
ReferrS to CAlI ('nstt

JOMPsOL CALL

Sarehe CureTent
Centte) gtadhes

speCiied oddMels.
hen eotertHhe

R E T -Reree
Rec-torte the prgm
ACotro
clats ro stach
lo PC
otertr ept
9T 1terraupt rehure
e tarc

RET
herto .

00
 HPLT L
/0 .sTARTI/0,)
'N, OUT
s T E ST

inC m a n p l a h o n

orn
a d
osri
al

MoV 3 - ble )
m ove
Simlarly
-

oDS Aoa d
CMP s - Conm?a

SToS - Store

SCAS Ca0

Trenns leate
XLAT Poch, UN PACK

TtuceSSor
pocess/ng
(HLT)HA LT to stop
STT - Sef intereriupt CEnable
otenncep}
- WAIT To r eez he in sBtietia
11 Spe.cited cand
yele

NOOP No Operaion.
To res enve the bug
Ock
CM Complemend he Caruy pla
CLC To Clear he
STC
TO Se
 S
Vorcieces
ectve Cd re
dais e

e
oddreS
o n Lo catno he
he oo C o m e o place
opeands
he cpo's (otea rregisten
he o cdla),
»oahed in Ahe
oper and i

e lo catro
mal mem ot he
addne ss be /ve
C'nsmu pecaod ield
CtretolloDed to
Mony me-lho de
addness dhfth
Speci he
Op an d
a ddrress mo

me e
moode
Jmm siak a ddresgnq
,reech ( absolede
2

23. T9 d! me cd
Re9is ter
in dtr e td
ResHer
7 o dex
6nse: Relai vve
Base co}h index
o1}sed Cddress-
b aSe
mode
 too adSess ns)tu(Hio) Mo

opcode address ddnes addes

moe

C ddne ss insruictio mod

opde odeA dd

OpCoe mode )2 Da odd

immidae mzde
pode o peroo d
re ch mole
-op Co de A
dAnesS
6000
emot
6 oc0

echre Ad dne Ss FA) A

Tndirec
10snuho
opCode ACSTo0o)

000

605 (o%operrOns

A
Kele rr

CpO

corlh ke cPUs
Aerre coe tce alealing
nterona regis-et
et i
The operand 's aeatio is pres

egisterc
Ldhere he
EA
EA Exadly e locte/
dale 'sode
d
EA R
ReqkHeri decd-

ejstens
Mermo

Coryaiy er R

LspOre men
2lobe
 ingtueh)
P

Tesysfes
 Mode poinipr

aetand A- o n m o
mn ddiat AM timie d opeON
magnitu de,

tmie d a2otnes
AM A A (2 Simple
Lare addresspodce

Todine M multiple memomy

FA [A pace
rellero ne
Rea M No Mn e m o 7
miteA addre ss
:ble me mo E AR re leren Space

Large a ddness i r a me merr

eerke Lare
AReaster Inlirect EA R Sp&ce,

Drs pla ceme04 A E A AL PJ Fleibilh Comple uih

Yn6 mem ony

m ded Pph
slack AM TOS
7 EA
e errence cabil
 Modes3
Nmercical e 09 AddMess ine
b1inshrrucjoos

omp
COmp. has
22
2
G 50
0 nos
2
Qddrecs e s , 1 )here a rR o
a ddress houd mL
en
instructan,
be ~otmulahe.
addrcs ns ru Can
So?
2 addn ess ing On aadd.
in
GPCo de Addness dess optode A ddres
Combna
ti ons la bis
-s0bils

2° 256,

7 rem bds CpCo de represeOkHa)

ola Possibl e Combln odtms =

Ccut o 256, 2GO

eprreseOJs 2 add nc
T'ncrueHons
The emcaininq 6Poseible Combinoelions
Joru 0ne address
ofmat
instrruodio
So oa no o
C'ncAuetor o be formdoded-6
he Cini (aropeder

has ort Ns
Conp
Cenptte ha
e reld the
fhsreeche)sem(ed
opced dre13,amecde
Aield Spet ed addss
 treicle e ld CpeC d
addnec<

each
indru. eremal o e ole no In

i'nelu. in one memoRY

theld L
3

spCo de Addyessinq l Reqicserd h Aness

256
256 k 6

So 2 - ( 3 1)
22 27 s epCode

edleclive addrecs zAe

9 To Calctedade h andert d 4 .
Conem CCCmQtorr CAc)

Oddessinq medes .

Memo rn
DA
200
CpU

PC 2o

RIon 311

xR 10O

AC
5o

32
7o2

300
 tAechu AC
mode qerei-1m Ndes
&'Oo
inect AC MADR So0

20 1
)Jmmiiate C-MDR] (159)

1dinect
Nare siny marNe. AC M A DP
Index addresdr ACMbR R
Rester ddesn
mede AC R
eqisen indined ctR
7 O

Acho ncremen (R)+ EA-CR, charemu

Deoremet RRe,
Atto decrtme of (i) -

EA R
Ve
Ye ALT c ges
rtcst¬T
aa C
place
Addre s s de Moemo0C

0605 MV 1 0S

A002 76 HLT Stop

 o r e Nala o J

C mme 9
Perc a o d s
oemoiC

Adrtess CCo d [AoSS

MV
A0
ROC0 06, 05
e-To]
200
MOV , A
H1T

he Conlend o} mem ony Lo calioc 6oO

g Move CnJen

e i s t e n
Pirc D-
So19
Col X A

oad he egister

Pai mnedi ately

LT H, 6000;
MOV C, M os M
HLT

Leec]
M C8

c Cootend 4h memerts
Plore
atio)FC50 in rregrsdere

thd FC5)(O

LXT H, FCS C;
MOV M
INR
MOV CM
 s-fen

INX iO cr en

nujk-Sooot 1
MR tocnemet R ey/sesr

rregister valu c
Single

Plaoe O (rthe
aee ComlCo
ine remeent o7orte
esult t 3coO oecai'oo

MV A Oó j
INR AA
STA 3000
HLT

250) 9H pcet
2502-S6H
YF
olp 25o2 -9F H

LI H, 2501
MOV A M
INR L NX t
ADD M
STA
HLT

inl 49
2 0 2 - 32H
7H
2,03-7H
 LXT H25o1
MoV AM

INX HS
SUP M his
eplare
/ Wee Cao
STA 2503; NX or R

HLT
iod 1's Complemen0
a C0AP
a & bB Oolafe.

2S2 le Catio
Sto Fte
Findhi 's Complement
CMA aore
4 )
aectem udcor
on,
a ccCemu lot
1's CompemenAJ.
A
D A250i
CMA
2502
STA

HLT
Dt
Coamp le
me

To ind e 's,
cOAP

6H

LDH
CMA
ol
INR A ;aDI
ST A 2502

A DD mne dicedel ol
ADI 01
dala o occunglo to r.