MathSmart 2A Chapter 4 Factorization of Polynomials

Book 2A Chapter 4 Factorization of Polynomials

4.1 Simple Factorization

Textbook Example Videos

Example 4.1 Example 4.2 Example 4.3 Example 4.4

Level 1

Factorize each of the following expressions. (1 – 30)

1. 16x – 4y 2. 23xy + 13x

3. 24b2 + 6ab 4. 11a2b – 2ab2

5. 4a2b + 8a2 6. –20ab2 + 30b

7. –3ab2 – 12a2b 8. –18ab – 5a2b2

9. –3x2y2 + 15x2y 10. –11xy2 –16x3y2

11. 9x + 3y + 18z 12. 4ax + 18x – 12bx

13. 35bx2 – 7ax – 14cx3 14. 24ax – 12z + 8by

15. x(a + b) – y(a + b) 16. –x(h – k) – y(k – h)

17. 6x(a – 3b) + y(3b – a) 18. 3y(5x – 2b) – a(2b – 5x)

19. 3 + 3y + x + xy 20. 1 – x + 2y – 2xy

21. 2y – 6 – 3x + xy 22. n2 + 2n + 3mn + 6m

23. 3a2 – 2b – 6a + ab 24. –4a2 + 6ab + 2a – 3b

25. x2 + 4x + xy + 4y 26. –2yz – xy + 2xz + x2

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MathSmart 2A Chapter 4 Factorization of Polynomials

27. ad + bc – ac – bd 28. –2cd + bc – 4ad + 2ab

29. 2y – 18x – 6xy + 6 30. 6x2 – 10y – 2xy + 30x

Level 2

Factorize each of the following expressions. (31 – 64)

31. 6x3y4z5 – 2x2y5z4 32. –18x6y3z4 – 9x2y2z3

33. 14x4 + 28x2 – 7x 34. –9x6 – 36x5 + 54x2

35. a3b3c3 + a4b3c2 – ab3c2 36. –36a2b + 24a3b2 – 12ab2

37. (3x + 2)(x – 2) – (5x + 3)(x – 2) 38. (5x + 2)(3x – 1) + (1 – 3x)(2x)

39. (2a – 3b)(3a – 1) + (3a + 1)(3b – 2a) 40. (4 – 5x)(2y + 3) – (5x – 4)(x + y)

41. 8(4x + 3)(4x – 3) + 12(3x + 4)(3 – 4x) 42. 6 – 4x – 8x(4x – 6) – 2(x + 1)(12 – 8x)

43. 21x(x – 3) – 7(x – 3)2 44. 9(x – 6)2 – 36x(x – 6)

45. –5a(ab + 2a – b – 2) – 5(–ab – 2a + b + 2) 46. 3(x – 1) – (1 – x)2 + 6(1 – x) + 3(x – 1)2

47. 2x(2x + 3)(x – 3)2 – 10(2x + 3)(3 – x)2 48. x(2a – 5b) + y(15b – 6a) – (5b – 2a)

49. (x – 2a)(6y + 4b) – (8a – 4x)(5y + 6b) 50. 5(5x – 3) + 7x(3 – 5x) – 2(7x – 5) – (5 – 7x)

51. 2x(2 – x) + 4(x – 2)2 + 7(2x – 1) – (1 – 2x)2 52. abc – 4bcd – 8abd + 2a2b

53. –c2d + 2acd – 4abd + 2bcd 54. 10a2bc + 14ab2c – 5ac2 – 7bc2

55. 18a2bc + 12a2c2 – 15ab2 – 10abc 56. 4x5 – 2x3 + 12x2 – 6

57. 4x4 – 8x3 – 6x + 12 58. bz + az + ax – by – ay + bx

59. 5bx – 3ay – 5by + 5bz + 3ax + 3az 60. 10a2x – 5bz + 10by2 + 5az – 10abx – 10ay2

61. ax – 4ay + 4by – bx – b2 + ab 62. 2ax – 4bx – 10ay + 20by – 4b2 + 2ab

63. 2ay + 2by – 4cy – ax – bx + 2cx 64. –2a3 – 3a2b + a2 + 4ab + 6b2 – 2b

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MathSmart 2A Chapter 4 Factorization of Polynomials

65. Factorize a3 + a2x + a2y + a2z + axy + axz + ayz + xyz.

66. Factorize x3 – ax2 – bx2 – cx2 + abx + acx + bcx – abc.

Level 3

67. (a) Factorize 2x – 2y + 4x2 – 4xy.

(b) Using the result in (a), factorize 2x – 2y + 4x2 – 4xy + 8x + 4.

68. (a) Factorize x2 + ax + bx + ab.

(b) Using the result in (a), factorize x2 + 7x + 10.
(c) Using the result in (a), factorize x2 – 6x + 8.

69. (a) Factorize 3ax2 + ax + 3bx + b.

(b) Using the result in (a), factorize 18x2 + 27x + 7.

70. (a) Factorize xn – xn + 1 + xn + 2 – xn + 3, where n is a positive integer. Hint

(b) Hence, factorize ym + 1 – ym + 2 + ym + 3 – ym + 4, where m is a positive integer.

Multiple Choice Questions

71. Which of the following is a factor of 4x – 8xy?
A. 1 – 2y
B. x – 2y
C. 1 – 2xy
D. 4 – 4xy

72. Which of the following is a factor of –12ab – 8b + 6a?

A. –2
B. 2a
C. –2b
D. 2ab

73. ab + ay – bx – xy =
A. (a + x)(b – y).
B. (a – x)(b + y).
C. (a + x)(y – b).
D. (x – a)(b + y).

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MathSmart 2A Chapter 4 Factorization of Polynomials

74. 2ax + 2bx – 2cx – ay – by + cy =

A. (2x + y)(a + b – c).
B. (2x – y)(a + b – c).
C. (2x + y)(a – b + c).
D. (2x – y)(a – b + c).

75. (x – 1)2 – 3(x – 1) – 2x + 2 =

A. (x – 1)(x – 6).
B. (1 – x)(x – 6).
C. (x – 1)(x + 6).
D. (1 – x)(x + 6).

76. Which of the following are true?

I. 35x2y + 5xy2 = 5xy(7x + y)
II. 40x3y2 – 46x2y2 = 2x2y2(20x – 23)
III. 12a3b3c2 – 24a2b2 – 36a2b3c = 12ab(bc2 – 3b2c – 2)
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

77. Which of the following are the factors of (a – 2b)(2b – 4a) – (2a – b)(4b – 4a)?
I. 2
II. a
III. 2a – b
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

78. If n is a positive integer, then xn + 4 – xn + 2 + xn =

A. x(n + 2).
B. 3x(n + 2).
C. xn + 2(x2 – 1).
D. xn(x4 – x2 + 1).

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MathSmart 2A Chapter 4 Factorization of Polynomials

4.2 Factorization Using Identities

Textbook Example Videos

Example 4.5 Example 4.6 Example 4.7 Example 4.8

Example 4.9

Level 1

Factorize each of the following expressions. (1 – 28)

1. x2 – 36 2. x2 – 64

3. 25 – x2 4. 49 – x2

5. –y2 + 25x2 6. –36x2 + 81y2

7. 72x2 – 50y2 8. –27x2 + 12y2

9. 16x2 – a2y2 10. m2x2 – 64y2

11. x2 + 6x + 9 12. x2 + 14x + 49

13. 4 + x2 + 4x 14. 81x2 + 18x + 1

15. 49a2 + 28a + 4 16. 4 + 12a + 9a2

17. y2 – 12y + 36 18. y2 – 10y + 25

19. –16y + y2 + 64 20. 16x2 – 8x + 1

21. 9x2 – 42x + 49 22. 36 – 60a + 25a2

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MathSmart 2A Chapter 4 Factorization of Polynomials

23. –224b + 49b2 + 256 24. –121n2 – 264n – 144

25. 9x2 + 24xy + 16y2 26. 4x2 – 20xy + 25y2

27. 18m2 + 32n2 – 48mn 28. 84ab – 63b2 – 28a2

Level 2

Factorize each of the following expressions. (29 – 50)

4 x2 1 3x 2 48 y 2
29.  30. 
9 4 25 49

x 2 5 x 25 2 x 2 16 xy 32 y 2
31.   32.  
16 12 36 9 27 81

33. 25m2 – (3m + 4)2 34. 144(2a + 3b)2 – 81b2

35. –121(7a – 2b)2 + 25b2 36. 49a2 – (3b + 4c)2

37. –(9a – 4b)2 + 256c2 38. (x + 4)2 – (x + 16)2

39. (x – 10)2 – (x – 7)2 40. (m + 2n)2 – (2m – 3n)2

41. (4m – 7n)2 – (9 + 8n)2 42. (2m + 5)2 + 26(2m + 5) + 169

43. 100 – (121m2 – 88mn + 16n2) 44. 9m2 + 4n2 – 12mn – (2m + n)2

45. 2x – 3y + 4x2 – 9y2 46. 16x2 – 25y2 – 4x + 5y

47. 81 – x2 – 10xy – 25y2 48. 100x2 – 4y2 + 28y – 49

49. (x + 3)3 – 16x – 48 50. (x – 2)4 – x2 + 4x – 4

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Level 3

51. Factorize 256x4 – 81y4.

52. Factorize m4 – 2(mn)2 + n4.

53. (a) Factorize x2 – 8x + 16.

(b) Using the result in (a), factorize x2 – 8x + 12.

54. (a) Factorize x2k – 4, where k is a positive integer.

(b) Hence, factorize (x2k – 4)2 – (xk – 2)2.

Multiple Choice Questions

55. 4x2 – y2 =
A. (4x + y)(4x – y).
B. (2x + y)(2x – y).
C. (4x – y)2.
D. (2x – y)2.

56. a2 + 6ab + 9b2 =

A. (a + 9b)(a – 9b).
B. (a + 3b)(a – 3b).
C. (a + 9b)2.
D. (a + 3b)2.

57. 4a2 – 12ab + 9b2 =

A. (2a + 3b)2.
B. (2a – 3b)2.
C. (2a – 3b)(2a + 3b).
D. (3b – 2a)(2a + 3b).

58. 256 – x2 – 2xy – y2 =

A. (16 + x + y)(16 – x – y).
B. (16 – x + y)(16 – x – y).
C. (16 + x + y)(16 + x – y).
D. (16 – x – y)2.

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MathSmart 2A Chapter 4 Factorization of Polynomials

59. 64 – 2ab – a2 – b2 =
A. (8 – a – b)2.
B. (8 + a + b)2.
C. (8 – a – b)(8 + a + b).
D. (8 – a + b)(8 + a + b).

60. (x + y)2 – (x – y)2 =

A. –4xy.
B. –2xy.
C. 2xy.
D. 4xy.

61. (x – 1)2 – 2(1 – x) + 1 =

A. –x2.
B. x2.
C. (x + 1)2.
D. (x – 1)2.

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MathSmart 2A Chapter 4 Factorization of Polynomials

4.3 Factorization Using the Cross-method

Textbook Example Videos

Example 4.10 Example 4.11 Example 4.12 Example 4.13

Example 4.14 Example 4.15

Level 1

Factorize each of the following expressions. (1 – 26)

1. x2 + 3x + 2 2. x2 + 5x + 6

3. x2 – 6x + 5 4. y2 – 6y + 8

5. y2 – 8y + 7 6. y2 – 2y – 3

7. y2 – 3y – 10 8. y2 – 6y – 16

9. 2a2 + 3a + 1 10. 6a2 – 5a – 1

11. 6b2 + 11b – 2 12. 5b2 + 3b – 2

13. 3m2 – 7m – 10 14. 2m2 + 9m – 5

15. 4n2 + 5n – 9 16. 4n2 – 29n + 7

17. a2 + 2ab – 3b2 18. a2 – 5ab – 14b2

19. b2 – 2bc – 8c2 20. b2 + 11bc – 12c2

21. m2 – 6mn – 7n2 22. m2 + 7mn + 12n2

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23. x2 + 11xy – 12y2 24. x2 – 10xy + 24y2

25. p2 – 5pq – 24q2 26. p2 + 8pq + 15q2

Level 2

Factorize each of the following expressions. (27 – 58)

27. –x2 – 8x + 20 28. –x2 + 6x – 8

29. –x2 + 7x – 10 30. –x2 + 5x + 50

31. 63 + 2y – y2 32. –5y – 6 – y2

33. –17y – y2 – 72 34. –80 – 18y – y2

35. 3b2 – 23b – 8 36. 8y2 – 73y + 9

37. –12y + 5y2 – 9 38. –12 + 18y2 + 6y

39. –6y2 + 24y – 18 40. –50a + 120 – 5a2

41. –22a – 28a2 + 30 42. 150b – 99 – 24b2

43. –x2 + 9xy – 14y2 44. –x2 – 14xy – 45y2

45. 3a2 – 4ab – 7b2 46. 2a2 – 11ab + 9b2

47. 4x2 + 7xy – 11y2 48. 2x2 – 7xy – 15y2

49. –5xy – 9x2 + 4y2 50. 15a2 – 42b2 – 31ab

51. 21pq – 10p2 – 8q2 52. 40p2 – 126q2 – 24pq

53. 3x(x – 4) – 15 54. 2x2 – 3(3 – x)

55. b(b + 1) + 3(b – 10) – 2 56. (a + 2)(a – 7) – 10

57. (7m – 6)(m + 2) – 13m 58. (n – 1)(2n + 3) – (5n + 3)(n – 5) – 18n

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Level 3

59. (a) Factorize x2 + 8x + 7.

(b) Hence, factorize (3b – 2)2 + 8(3b – 2) + 7.

60. (a) Factorize 4n2 – 5n – 9.

(b) Hence, factorize 9y2 + 5x2y2 – 4x4y2.

61. (a) Factorize 4x2 + 13x + 3. Hint

(b) Hence, factorize (2a + 2)2 + 13a + 16.

Explain 62. Consider a polynomial (x2 – 2x)2 – 2(x2 – 2x) – 3. Vincent claims that there are Hint
4 different values of x such that the value of the polynomial is 0. Do you agree?
Explain your answer.

Multiple Choice Questions

63. Which of the following polynomials can be factorized using cross-method?
I. x2 – 4
II. x2 + 6x + 9
III. x2 – 6x + 9
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

64. x2 + 2x – 8 =
A. (x – 1)(x + 8).
B. (x + 1)(x – 8).
C. (x – 2)(x + 4).
D. (x + 2)(x – 4).

65. 3x2 – 2x – 5 =
A. (3x + 5)(x – 1).
B. (3x – 5)(x + 1).
C. (3x + 1)(x – 5).
D. (3x – 1)(x + 5).

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MathSmart 2A Chapter 4 Factorization of Polynomials

66. x2 + 5xy – 6y2 – x + y =

A. (x – y)(x + 6y + 1).
B. (x – y)(x + 6y – 1).
C. (x + y)(x – 6y + 1).
D. (x + y)(x – 6y – 1).

67. 2a2 – a – 3b2 – b – ab =

A. (a + b)(2a – 3b – 1).
B. (a + b)(2a – 3b + 1).
C. (a – b)(2a + 3b – 1).
D. (a – b)(2a + 3b + 1).

68. Which of the following are true?

I. x2 + 4x + 3 = (x + 1)(x + 3)
II. 4x2 + 12x + 9 = (2x + 3)2
III. 6x2 + 5 – 4x = (3x + 4)(2x – 1)
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

69. Which of the following are true?

I. x2 – 9xy + 14y2 = (x + 2y)(x + 7y)
II. 9x2 + 22xy + 8y2 = (x + 2y)(9x + 4y)
III. 3x2 – 10y2 + 13xy = (x + 5y)(3x – 2y)
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

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MathSmart 2A Chapter 4 Factorization of Polynomials

Answers
44. –27(x – 6)(x + 2)
2A Chapter 4
45. –5(a – 1)2(b + 2)
Section 4.1 (p.4.1)
46. (x – 1)(2x – 5)
1. 4(4x – y)
47. 2(2x + 3)(x – 5)(x – 3)2
2. x(23y + 13)
48. (5b – 2a)(3y – x – 1)
3. 6b(4b + a)
49. 2(x – 2a)(13y + 14b)
4. ab(11a – 2b)
50. (5 – 7x)(5x – 2)
5. 4a2(b + 2)
51. 2(4 – x)(x + 1)
6. 10b(3 – 2ab)
52. b(a – 4d)(2a + c)
7. –3ab(b + 4a)
53. d(2a – c)(c – 2b)
8. –ab(18 + 5ab)
54. c(5a + 7b)(2ab – c)
9. 3x2y(5 – y)
55. a(3b + 2c)(6ac – 5b)
10. –xy2(11 + 16x2)
56. 2(2x2 – 1)(x3 + 3)
11. 3(3x + y + 6z)
57. 2(x – 2)(2x3 – 3)
12. 2x(2a + 9 – 6b)
58. (x – y + z)(a + b)
13. 7x(5bx – a – 2cx2)
59. (x – y + z)(3a + 5b)
14. 4(6ax – 3z + 2by)
60. 5(a – b)(2ax – 2y2 + z)
15. (a + b)(x – y)
61. (x – 4y + b)(a – b)
16. (h – k)(y – x)
62. 2(a – 2b)(x – 5y + b)
17. (a – 3b)(6x – y)
63. (a + b – 2c)(2y – x)
18. (5x – 2b)(3y + a)
64. (2a + 3b – 1)(2b – a2)
19. (x + 3)(y + 1)
65. (a + x)(a + y)(a + z)
20. –(x – 1)(2y + 1)
66. (x – a)(x – b)(x – c)
21. (x + 2)(y – 3)
67. (a) 2(x – y)(1 + 2x)
22. (n + 2)(n + 3m)
(b) 2(2x + 1)(x – y + 2)
23. (a – 2)(3a + b)
68. (a) (x + a)(x + b)
24. (2a – 3b)(1 – 2a)
(b) (x + 2)(x + 5)
25. (x + 4)(x + y)
(c) (x – 4)(x – 2)
26. (2z + x)(x – y)
69. (a) (3x + 1)(ax + b)
27. (a – b)(d – c)
(b) (3x + 1)(6x + 7)
28. (b – 2d)(2a + c)
70. (a) xn(1 – x)(1 + x2)
29. –2(y + 3)(3x – 1)
(b) ym + 1(1 – y)(1 + y2)
30. 2(3x – y)(x + 5)
31. 2x2y4z4(3xz – y)
32. –9x2y2z3(2x4yz + 1) Multiple Choice Questions (p.4.3)
33. 7x(2x3 + 4x – 1) 71. A 72. A
2 4 3
34. –9x (x + 4x – 6) 73. B 74. B
3 2 2 3
35. ab c (a c + a – 1) 75. A 76. A
36. –12ab(3a – 2a2b + b) 77. D 78. D
37. –(x – 2)(2x + 1)
38. (3x – 1)(3x + 2) Section 4.2 (p.4.5)
39. 2(3b – 2a) 1. (x + 6)(x – 6)
40. (4 – 5x)(x + 3y + 3) 2. (x + 8)(x – 8)
41. 4(3 – 4x)(x + 6) 3. (5 + x)(5 – x)
42. 2(3 – 2x)(4x – 3) 4. (7 + x)(7 – x)
43. 7(x – 3)(2x + 3) 5. (5x + y)(5x – y)

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MathSmart 2A Chapter 4 Factorization of Polynomials

6. 9(3y + 2x)(3y – 2x) 49. (x + 3)(x + 7)(x – 1)

7. 2(6x + 5y)(6x – 5y) 50. (x – 2)2(x – 1)(x – 3)
8. 3(2y + 3x)(2y – 3x) 51. (16x2 + 9y2)(4x + 3y)(4x – 3y)
9. (4x + ay)(4x – ay) 52. (m + n)2(m – n)2
10. (mx + 8y)(mx – 8y) 53. (a) (x – 4)2
11. (x + 3)2 (b) (x – 2)(x – 6)
12. (x + 7)2 54. (a) (xk + 2)(xk – 2)
13. (x + 2)2 (b) (xk – 2)2(xk + 3)(xk + 1)
14. (9x + 1)2
15. (7a + 2)2 Multiple Choice Questions (p.4.7)
16. (3a + 2)2 55. B 56. D
2
17. (y – 6) 57. B 58. A
2
18. (y – 5) 59. C 60. D
2
19. (y – 8) 61. B
20. (4x – 1)2
21. (3x – 7)2 Section 4.3 (p.4.9)
22. (5a – 6)2 1. (x + 1)(x + 2)
23. (7b – 16)2 2. (x + 2)(x + 3)
2
24. –(11n + 12) 3. (x – 5)(x – 1)
2
25. (3x + 4y) 4. (y – 4)(y – 2)
2
26. (2x – 5y) 5. (y – 7)(y – 1)
2
27. 2(3m – 4n) 6. (y – 3)(y + 1)
2
28. –7(2a – 3b) 7. (y + 2)(y – 5)
 2 x 1  2 x 1  (4 x  3)(4 x  3) 8. (y + 2)(y – 8)
29.      or
 3 2  3 2  36 9. (2a + 1)(a + 1)
 x 4 y  x 4 y  3(7 x  20 y )(7 x  20 y ) (a – 1)(6a + 1)
30. 3     or
10.
 5 7  5 7  1225
11. (6b – 1)(b + 2)
2
 x 5 (3 x  10) 2
31.    or 12. (b + 1)(5b – 2)
4 6 144
2
13. (3m – 10)(m + 1)
 x 4y  2(3x  4 y)2
32. 2   or 14. (2m – 1)(m + 5)
3 9  81
15. (n – 1)(4n + 9)
33. 8(2m + 1)(m – 2)
16. (n – 7)(4n – 1)
34. 9(8a + 15b)(8a + 9b)
17. (a – b)(a + 3b)
35. (77a – 17b)(27b – 77a)
18. (a + 2b)(a – 7b)
36. (7a + 3b + 4c)(7a – 3b – 4c)
19. (b + 2c)(b – 4c)
37. (16c + 9a – 4b)(16c – 9a + 4b)
20. (b – c)(b + 12c)
38. –24(x + 10)
21. (m – 7n)(m + n)
39. 3(17 – 2x)
22. (m + 3n)(m + 4n)
40. (3m – n)(5n – m)
23. (x – y)(x + 12y)
41. (4m + n + 9)(4m – 15n – 9)
24. (x – 6y)(x – 4y)
42. 4(m + 9)2
25. (p – 8q)(p + 3q)
43. (10 + 11m – 4n)(10 – 11m + 4n)
26. (p + 3q)(p + 5q)
44. (5m – n)(m – 3n)
27. –(x + 10)(x – 2)
45. (2x – 3y)(1 + 2x + 3y)
28. –(x – 2)(x – 4)
46. (4x – 5y)(4x + 5y – 1)
29. –(x – 2)(x – 5)
47. (9 + x + 5y)(9 – x – 5y)
30. –(x + 5)(x – 10)
48. (10x + 2y – 7)(10x – 2y + 7)

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MathSmart 2A Chapter 4 Factorization of Polynomials

31. –(y + 7)(y – 9)

32. –(y + 3)(y + 2)
33. –(y + 9)(y + 8)
34. –(y + 10)(y + 8)
35. (3b + 1)(b – 8)
36. (8y – 1)(y – 9)
37. (y – 3)(5y + 3)
38. 6(3y – 2)(y + 1)
39. –6(y – 1)(y – 3)
40. –5(a + 12)(a – 2)
41. –2(7a – 5)(2a + 3)
42. –3(4b – 3)(2b – 11)
43. –(x – 2y)(x – 7y)
44. –(x + 9y)(x + 5y)
45. (3a – 7b)(a + b)
46. (2a – 9b)(a – b)
47. (x – y)(4x + 11y)
48. (2x + 3y)(x – 5y)
49. –(x + y)(9x – 4y)
50. (a – 3b)(15a + 14b)
51. –(2p – q)(5p – 8q)
52. 2(10p – 21q)(2p + 3q)
53. 3(x – 5)(x + 1)
54. (2x – 3)(x + 3)
55. (b – 4)(b + 8)
56. (a – 8)(a + 3)
57. (7m – 12)(m + 1)
58. –(3n + 4)(n – 3)
59. (a) (x + 1)(x + 7)
(b) (3b – 1)(3b + 5)
60. (a) (4n – 9)(n + 1)
(b) –y2(x2 + 1)(2x + 3)(2x – 3)
61. (a) (4x + 1)(x + 3)
(b) (4a + 5)(a + 4)
62. disagree

Multiple Choice Questions (p.4.11)

63. D 64. C
65. B 66. B
67. A 68. A
69. C

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