HALF ADDER AND FULL ADDER

Half Adder in Digital Logic

Half Adder (HA):
Half adder is the simplest of all adder circuits. Half adder is a combinational arithmetic circuit that
adds two numbers and produces a sum bit (s) and carry bit (c) both as output. The addition of 2
bits is done using a combination circuit called a Half adder. The input variables are augend and
addend bits and output variables are sum & carry bits. A and B are the two input bits.
let us consider two input bits A and B, then sum bit (s) is the X-OR of A and B. it is evident from
the function of a half adder that it requires one X-OR gate and one AND gate for its construction.
Truth Table:

Here we perform two operations Sum and Carry, thus we need two K-maps one for each to derive
the expression.
Logical Expression:
For Sum:

Sum = A XOR B
For Carry:

Carry = A AND B (A.B)

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Implementation:

Note: Half adder has only two inputs and there is no provision to add a carry coming from the
lower order bits when multi addition is performed.

Advantages and disadvantages of Half Adder in Digital Logic :

Advantages of Half Adder in Digital Logic :

1.Simplicity: A half viper is a straightforward circuit that requires a couple of fundamental parts
like XOR AND entryways. It is not difficult to carry out and can be utilized in numerous advanced
frameworks.
2.Speed: The half viper works at an extremely rapid, making it reasonable for use in fast
computerized circuits.
Disadvantages of Half Adder in Digital Logic :

1.Limited Usefulness: The half viper can add two single-piece numbers and produce a total and
a convey bit. It can’t perform expansion of multi-bit numbers, which requires the utilization of
additional intricate circuits like full adders.
2.Lack of Convey Info: The half snake doesn’t have a convey input, which restricts its value in
more mind boggling expansion tasks. A convey input is important to perform expansion of multi-bit
numbers and to chain numerous adders together.
3.Propagation Deferral: The half snake circuit has a proliferation delay, which is the time it takes
for the result to change in light of an adjustment of the info. This can cause timing issues in
computerized circuits, particularly in fast frameworks.

Application of Half Adder in Digital Logic:

1.Arithmetic circuits: Half adders are utilized in number-crunching circuits to add double
numbers. At the point when different half adders are associated in a chain, they can add multi-bit
double numbers.
2.Data handling: Half adders are utilized in information handling applications like computerized
signal handling, information encryption, and blunder adjustment.
3.Address unraveling: In memory tending to, half adders are utilized in address deciphering
circuits to produce the location of a particular memory area.
4.Encoder and decoder circuits: Half adders are utilized in encoder and decoder circuits for
computerized correspondence frameworks.

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5.Multiplexers and demultiplexers: Half adders are utilized in multiplexers and demultiplexers to
choose and course information.
6.Counters: Half adders are utilized in counters to augment the count by one.

FULL ADDER

A combinational circuit which is designed to add three binary digits and produce two outputs is
known as full adder. The full adder circuit adds three binary digits, where two are the inputs
and one is the carry forwarded from the previous addition.

TRUTH TABLE

The circuit of the full adder consists of two EX-OR gates, two AND gates and one OR gate, which
are connected together as shown in the full adder circuit.

The output equations of the full adder are −

Sum,S=A⊕B⊕Cin
Carry,C=AB+BCin+ACin
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Full Adder in Digital Logic

Advantages of Full Adder in Digital Logic:

1.Flexibility: A full snake can add three information bits, making it more flexible than a half viper.
It can likewise be utilized to add multi-bit numbers by binding different full adders together.
2.Carry Info: The full viper has a convey input, which permits it to perform expansion of multi-bit
numbers and to chain different adders together.
3.Speed: The full snake works at an extremely fast, making it reasonable for use in rapid
computerized circuits.

Disadvantages of Full Adder in Digital Logic:

1.Complexity: The full snake is more mind boggling than a half viper and requires more parts like
XOR, AND, or potentially entryways. It is likewise more challenging to execute and plan.
2.Propagation Deferral: The full viper circuit has a proliferation delay, which is the time it takes
for the result to change in light of an adjustment of the info. This can cause timing issues in
computerized circuits, particularly in fast frameworks.
Application of Full Adder in Digital Logic:
1.Arithmetic circuits: Full adders are utilized in math circuits to add twofold numbers. At the point
when different full adders are associated in a chain, they can add multi-bit paired numbers.
2.Data handling: Full adders are utilized in information handling applications like advanced signal
handling, information encryption, and mistake rectification.
3.Counters: Full adders are utilized in counters to addition or decrement the count by one.
4.Multiplexers and demultiplexers: Full adders are utilized in multiplexers and demultiplexers to
choose and course information.
5.Memory tending to: Full adders are utilized in memory addressing circuits to produce the
location of a particular memory area.
6.ALUs: Full adders are a fundamental part of Number juggling Rationale Units (ALUs) utilized in
chip and computerized signal processors.

Difference between the Half adder and full adder:

S.No. Parameters Half Adder Full Adder

Half Adder is a
A full adder is a combinational logic
combinational logic
circuit that performs an addition
circuit that adds two 1-
operation on three one-bit binary
bit digits. The half adder
numbers. The full adder produces a sum
produces a sum of the
of the three inputs and carry value.
1. Description two inputs.

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S.No. Parameters Half Adder Full Adder

The previous carry is not

The previous carry is used.
2. Previous carry used.

In Half adder, there are In full adder, there are three input bits
3. Inputs two input bits ( A, B). (A, B, C-in).

The generated output is

of two bits-Sum and The generated output is of two bits-Sum
Carry from the input of and Carry from the input of 3 bits.
4. Outputs 2 bits.

A half adder circuit

cannot be used in the A full adder circuit can be used in place
same way as a full adder of a half adder circuit.
5. Used as circuit.

It is simple and easy to The design of a full adder is not as simple

6. Feature implement as a half adder.

Logical Expression for

Logical Expression for Full adder is :
Logical half adder is : S=a⊕b ;
S=a⊕b⊕Cin; Cout=(a*b)+(Cin*(a⊕b)).
7. Expression C=a*b.

It consists of one EX-OR It consists of two EX-OR, two AND gates,

8. Logic gates gate and one AND gate. and one OR gate.

It is used in Calculators,
It is used in Multiple bit addition, digital
computers, digital
processors, etc.
9. Applications measuring devices, etc.

There is no alternate Full adder is also known as ripple-carry

10. Alternate name name for half adder. adder.

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