Introduction to the

Emerging Trends
 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

 Artificial Intelligence or AI is the ability of a

machine or computer system to learn human
intelligence process, experiences and adapt to
new information, perform human-like activities.
 Using AI Computer can do many things on its’
own like driverless train, auto pilot mode in
aircrafts.
 MACHINE LEARNING
 Machine learning is an application of artificial
intelligence (AI) that provides systems the ability
to automatically learn and improve from
experience without being explicitly programmed.
 Machine learning focuses on the
development of computer programs that can
access data and use it to learn for themselves.
 MACHINE LEARNING CONTD..

 Machine learning algorithms build

a mathematical model based on sample data,
known as "training data", in order to make
predictions or decisions without being explicitly
programmed to do so.
 Examples of Machine Learning:

1. Facial recognition technology that allows social

media platforms to help users tag and share
photos of friends.
2. Optical character recognition (OCR) technology
converts images of text into movable type.
 NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING
 Natural Language Processing or NLP, is a branch
of artificial intelligence that deals with the
interaction between computers and humans
using the natural language.
 The ultimate objective of NLP is to read,
decipher, understand, and make sense of the
human languages to help the computer system to
interact with humans naturally.
 Most NLP techniques rely on machine learning to
derive meaning from human languages.
 USES OF NLP

 Natural Language Processing is the driving force

behind the following common applications:
1. Language translation applications such as
Google Translate
2. Word Processors such as Microsoft Word that
employ NLP to check grammatical accuracy of
texts.
3. Interactive Voice Response (IVR) applications
used in call centers to respond to certain users’
requests.
4. Personal assistant applications such as OK
Google, Siri, Cortana, and Alexa.
 IMMERSIVE EXPERIENCE (AR, VR)

 An immersive experience is the perception of

being in one place when you are actually in
another. It is essentially the suspension of reality,
even if just for a few moments.
 People always want the most immersive
experience possible, especially when it comes to
entertainment.
 AUGMENTED REALITY (AR)
 Augmented reality (AR) adds digital elements to
a live view often by using the camera on a
smartphone. Examples of augmented reality
experiences include Snapchat lenses and the
game Pokemon Go.
 In other words, if you see the real world
supplemented with digital objects, that’s AR.
 Imagine you want to buy a piece of furniture – a
chair, for example. Augmented reality technology
can help you check how different chairs will look
in your room and pick the one that fits best.
 VIRTUAL REALITY (VR)

 Virtual reality (VR)implies a complete

immersion experience that shuts out the
physical world.
 Property agents / Automobile dealers can use
virtual reality for this purpose. Unlike photos,
VR is immersive, so potential buyers can take
three- dimensional walkthroughs and better
understand what each property/car has to offer
before visiting in person.
 ROBOTICS
 Robotics is an interdisciplinary research area at
the interface of computer science and
engineering.
 Robotics involves design, construction,
operation, and use of robots.
 The goal of robotics is to design intelligent
machines that can help and assist humans in
their day-to-day lives and keep everyone safe.
 India’s First Robot “MITRA”
 ROBOTICS CONTD..

 Robotics develops machines that can substitute

for humans and replicate human actions.
 Robots can be used in many situations and for
lots of purposes, but today many are used in
dangerous environments (including inspection of
radioactive materials, bomb detection and
deactivation), manufacturing processes, or where
humans cannot survive (e.g.in space, underwater,
in high heat, and clean up and containment of
hazardous materials and radiation).
 Robots can take on any form but some are made
to resemble humans in appearance.
 BIG DATA AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS
 The term Big Data refers to a huge volume of
data that cannot be stored or processed by any
traditional data storage or processing units.
 Big Data is generated at a very large scale and
it is being used by many multinational
companies to process and analyse in order to
uncover insights and improve the business of
many organizations.
 Big Data can be defined by one or more of three
characteristics, the three Vs: high volume,
high variety, and high velocity.
 BIG DATA CHARACTERISTICS

 Volume: Volume refers to the sheer size of the

ever-exploding data of the computing world. It
raises the question about the quantity of data.
 Velocity: Velocity refers to the processing speed.
It raises the question of at what speed the data is
processed.
 Variety: Variety refers to the types of data. It
raises the question of how disparate the data
formats are.
 INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT)
 The internet of things, or IoT, is a system of
interrelated computing devices, mechanical and
digital machines, objects, animals or people that
are provided with unique identifiers (UIDs) and
the ability to transfer data over a network
without requiring human-to-human or human-to-
computer interaction.
 INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) CONTD..

 IoT makes once "dumb" devices "smarter" by

giving them the ability to send data over the
internet, allowing the device to communicate
with people and other IoT-enabled things.
 The connected "smart home" is a good example of
IoT in action. Internet-enabled thermostats,
doorbells, smoke detectors and security alarms
create a connected hub where data is shared
between physical devices and users can remotely
control the "things" in that hub (i.e., adjusting
temperature settings, unlocking doors, etc.) via a
mobile app or website.
 SENSORS
 Sensors are sophisticated devices that are frequently
used to detect and respond to electrical or
optical signals. A Sensor converts the physical
parameter (for example: temperature, blood pressure,
humidity, speed, etc.) into a signal which can be
measured electrically.

 Different Types of Sensors

1. Temperature Sensor.
2. Proximity Sensor.
3. Accelerometer.
4. IR Sensor (Infrared Sensor)
5. Pressure Sensor.
6. Light Sensor.
7. Ultrasonic Sensor.
8. Smoke, Gas and Alcohol Sensor.
 SMART CITIES

 A Smart city is an urban area that uses

different types of electronic Internet of Things
(IoT) sensors to collect data and then use insights
gained from that data to manage assets,
resources and services efficiently. This includes
data collected from citizens, devices, and assets
that is processed and analyzed to monitor and
manage traffic and transportation systems,
power plants, utilities, water supply networks,
waste management, crime detection, information
systems, schools, libraries, hospitals, and other
community services.
 SMART CITIES CONTD..

 The Smart city concept integrates information and

communication technology (ICT), and various
physical devices connected to the IoT network to
optimize the efficiency of city operations and services
and connect to citizens. Smart city technology allows
city officials to interact directly with both community
and city infrastructure and to monitor what is
happening in the city and how the city is evolving.
 ICT is used to enhance quality, performance and
interactivity of urban services, to reduce costs and
resource consumption and to increase contact
between citizens and government. Smart city
applications are developed to manage urban flows and
allow for real-time responses.
SMART CITIES CONTD..
CLOUD COMPUTING AND CLOUD SERVICES

 Cloud computing is named as such because the

information being accessed is found remotely in
the cloud or a virtual space.
 Companies that provide cloud services enable
users to store files and applications on remote
servers and then access all the data via the
Internet. This means the user is not required to
be in a specific place to gain access to it, allowing
the user to work remotely.
 Cloud computing is the delivery of different
services through the Internet. These resources
include tools and applications like data storage,
servers, databases, networking, and software.
 TYPES OF CLOUD COMPUTING
 Cloud computing is not a single piece of
technology like a microchip or a cellphone.
Rather, it's a system primarily comprised of three
services:
1. Software-as-a-service (SaaS) ,
2. Infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS),
3. Platform-as-a-service (PaaS).
 SOFTWARE-AS-A-SERVICE (SAAS)
 Software-as-a-service (SaaS) involves the
licensure of a software application to customers.
Licenses are typically provided through a pay-as-
you-go model or on-demand.
 This type of system can be found in Microsoft
Office's 365.
INFRASTRUCTURE-AS-A-SERVICE (IAAS)

 Infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) involves

a method for delivering everything from
operating systems to servers and storage
through IP-based connectivity as part of an on-
demand service.
 Clients can avoid the need to purchase
software or servers, and instead procure these
resources in an outsourced, on-demand service.
 Popular examples of the IaaS system include IBM
Cloud and Microsoft Azure.
 PLATFORM-AS-A-SERVICE (PAAS)

 Platform-as-a-service (PaaS) is considered the

most complex of the three layers of cloud-based
computing.
 PaaS shares some similarities with SaaS, the
primary difference being that instead of
delivering software online, it is actually a
platform for creating software that is delivered
via the Internet.
 This model includes platforms like Force.com and
Heroku.
 GRID COMPUTING

 Grid computing is a group of computers

physically connected (over a network or with
Internet) to perform a dedicated tasks together,
such as analyzing e-commerce data and solve a
complex problem.
 Grids are a form of "super virtual computer"
that solve a particular application.
 Grid computing is the practice of leveraging
multiple computers, often geographically
distributed but connected by networks, to work
together to accomplish joint tasks.
 GRID COMPUTING CONTD..

 Grid computing is typically run on a “data

grid,” a set of computers that directly interact
with each other to coordinate jobs.
 BLOCK CHAIN TECHNOLOGY

 A block chain is, in the simplest of terms, a time-

stamped series of immutable records of data that
is managed by a cluster of computers not owned
by any single entity. Each of these blocks of data
(i.e. block) is secured and bound to each other
using cryptographic principles (i.e. chain).
 Block chain, sometimes referred to as Distributed
Ledger Technology (DLT), makes the history of
any digital asset unalterable and transparent
through the use of decentralization and
cryptographic hashing.
BLOCK CHAIN TECHNOLOGY
EXAMPLE
 POTENTIAL USES FOR BLOCK CHAIN
TECHNOLOGY
1. Payment processing and money transfers
 Arguably the most logical use for blockchain is as a
means to expedite the transfer of funds from one
party to another.
2. Monitor supply chains
 Blockchain also comes in particularly handy when it
comes to monitoring supply chains. By removing
paper-based trails, businesses should be able to
pinpoint inefficiencies within their supply chains
quickly, as well as locate items in real time.
3. Copyright and royalty protection
 In a world with growing internet access, copyright
and ownership laws on music and other content has
grown hazy. With blockchain, those copyright laws
would be beefed up considerably for digital content
downloads.
4. Retail loyalty rewards programs
 Blockchain could further revolutionize the retail
experience by becoming the go-to for loyalty rewards.