TOEFL Structure and Written Expression

Choose the letter of the word or group of words that best completes the sentence.

1. _____________, the biggest animal on the planet, weighs about 33 adult elephants.
a. It is the Antarctic blue whale
b. The Antarctic blue whale is
c. The Antarctic blue whale considered as
d. The Antarctic blue whale

2. Until now, 9-year-old Sorbono Isaac Bari, known as a modern scientist from Bangladesh,
_____________ of the world’s youngest professors in history.
a. has been one
b. he has been one
c. one
d. was one

3. Both otters ____________ across the globe like feeding on fish as their main diets.
a. and any types of cats
b. as well as any types of cats
c. as well as any type of cats
d. or any types of cats

4. Prior to the massive use of today’s electric lamps, the huge electric arc streetlamps
__________ in the 1870s.
a. has began appearing
b. has began to be appearing
c. have began appearing
d. have began for appearing

5. In the system of automatic folding bridge like the one in Bangka Island, the passing ships
travel ____________
a. for the lifting-mode plates
b. to the lifting-mode plates
c. under the lifting-mode plates
d. off the lifting-mode plates

6. Proper nutrition, enough sleep, and _____________ are some key factors affecting the
physical development of a child.
a. the exercise should be sufficient
b. having sufficient exercise
c. sufficiency of exercise
d. sufficient exercise
7. White blood cells are a part of the lymphatic system, a network of lymph vessels
________________ and then return them to your bloodstream.
a. collecting excess fluids from tissues throughout the body
b. collect excess fluids from tissues throughout the body
c. collected excess fluids from tissues throughout the body
d. that collect excess fluids from tissues throughout the body

8. If there is no serious and systematic effort to combat the global warming, many cities
______________.
a. are flooded by sea water and will be disappeared from the map
b. are flooded by sea water and disappear from the map
c. will be flooded by sea water and will be disappeared from the map
d. will be flooded by sea water and will disappear from the map

9. ___________ by Gardner, individuals who are highly aware of even subtle changes in
their environments are claimed to have naturalistic intelligence.
a. Based on the types of intelligence is proposed
b. According the types of intelligence proposed
c. In line with the types of intelligence proposed
d. According to the types of intelligence are proposed

10. Learning a foreign language at adult age is a complex phenomenon and making
predictions about its success _____________.
a. is challenging because of various factors
b. is challenging due various factors
c. is challenging because various factors
d. are challenging due to various factors

11. Thomas Alva Edison, ____________, was born in Milan, Ohio, United States.
a. he was carrying out successful experiments on electric bulbs
b. carrying out successful experiments on electric bulbs
c. was carrying out successful experiments on electric bulbs
d. carried out successful experiments on electric bulbs

12. Zero mining can be seen as a rule ____________ in a zone with beautiful nature and with
rich mining minerals on the other hand.
a. it is reinforced
b. reinforced
c. reinforcing
d. which reinforces
13. Not only ___________ provide green scenery for eyes, but also they keep the air around
the house cool and fresh due to their produced oxygen.
a. do shady trees surrounding a house
b. they are shady trees surrounding a house
c. are shady trees surrounding a house
d. does shady trees surrounding a house

14. Consuming boiled rice wrapped in banana leaves is better for our health ____________.
a. than can the one wrapped in plastic materials
b. than consuming the one wrapped in plastic materials
c. than do the one wrapped in plastic materials
d. to consuming the one wrapped in plastic materials

15. The skin leathers of non-endangered fish species can be one of alternative eco-friendly
materials for making shoes ____________ can be also made from sustainable materials
like bamboo leaves.
a. whose strings
b. that strings
c. which strings
d. where strings

Choose the letter of the underlined word or group of words that is not correct.

16. The cutting-edge superlight aircraft may flying from 2,000 to 2,500 km per hour,
A B
making it the fastest vehicle human beings have ever had so far.
C D

17. The lungs infected by fungi that has been there for a long time need to be treated with
A B C
systematic and intensive medical care.
D

18. Depending on the color of hair, all typical person with black hair has about 100,000
A B C
hairs on his/her head.
D

19. Determined by both the genetic as well as environmental factors, a twin sibling is not
A B
necessary to be very identical to the other one.
C D
20. Epidermis, the outermost layer of skin on human’s body, refers a part whose functions
A B
are to generate new skin cells and to determine the color of skin.
C D

21. 17% of the world’s bird population exists in a tropical country named Indonesia
A B
including the endemic and endanger species.
C D

22. Lee Myung Bak, the ex-president of South Korea, used to becoming the CEO of
A
Hyundai Construction before he decided on entering the politic field.
A B D

23. With its characteristic of giving a birth to live young rather than laying eggs,
A B C
dolphins can be hardly be grouped as fish.
D

24. What makes dolphins similar with other mammals is that they feed their young with
A B C D
milk.

25. Each orangutan has its own unique personality and one sometimes will become
A B
timidly when it is watched by people.
C D

26. Either a vernacular or national language has their own place in the society and each
A B C
must be protected to keep its culture alive.
D

27. Being closed to the equatorial line, the new capital of the country may have
A B C
higher temperature than any other tropical cities.
D

28. Cheetahs can run as fast a motor bike, that they are able to run with 120 kph and
A B C
increase their speed by 10 kph in a single stride.
D

29. Based on the empirical evidence, to date one of the most socially intelligent mammals
A B
apart from human beings are addressed to dolphins.
C D
30. It has been scientifically proved that while most animals cannot resist the snake
A B
venom others mammals likes hedgehog, mongoose, and honey badger are immune
C D
to it

31. A plethora of butterfly species across the archipelagos have been in a threatened
A B C
status as the result of continuing deforestation just for the sake of palm oil plantation.
D

32. The zero waste program broadcasted by Japan’s NHK, where has converted various
A B
waste objects into new products with economic values, inspires a new eco-friendly
C
life style amid humans’ destructed nature.
D

33. Unlikely other big cats that roar including lions, tigers, leopards, and jaguars,
A B
cheetahs meow in the same way as ordinary or domestic cats.
C D

34. Afflicting at the age of 19 months with an illness that left her blind and deaf, Hellen
A
Adams Keller to the present time has become one the most inspiring figures in
B C D
education.

35. Of various curricula that has ever been adopted in the education system of the
A B
country, each has its own goal and principles adapted to the distinct needs of students
C D
in different eras.

36. In memory for Louis Braille who invented a universal system for reading and writing
A
to be used by people who are blind or visually impaired, the name of the letter system
B C
has been derived from his name.
D

37. Because of her phenomenal novel “To Kill a Mocking Bird”, to date Harper Lee
A B
perceived as one the best figures in the world of literature.
C D
38. Ecocentrism can be defined as the paradigm that sees human beings as a part of
A B
balanced nature, not as the only one powerful, determinative, and control figure who
C D
overpowers the environment.

39. To the present time, one of the highest-paying jobs across the globe belongs to either
A B C
athlete or celebrity.
D

40. In reference to the book “The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in
A
History” written by Michael H. Hart under his father’s published house, the
B C D
most influential figure in history is the prophet Muhammad SAW.