Introduction to the Philosophy

of the Human Person

Quarter 2 – Module 4:
Philosophy and Disability
Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 4: Philosophy and Disability
First Edition, 2020

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 Introduction to the
Philosophy of the Human
Person

Quarter 2 – Module 4:
Philosophy and Disability

ii
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Senior High School core subject - Introduction to the Philosophy of
the Human Person Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on the Philosophy and
Disability. This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by
educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person’s Alternative
Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on the Philosophy and Disability.
The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands one may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
are capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

iii
 What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

iv
The following are some reminders in using this module:
a) Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
b) Do not forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
c) Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
d) Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
e) Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
f) Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

v
 What I Need to Know

This module entitled Philosophy and Disability shall look more deeply into the
appreciation for the talents of persons with disabilities and those from the
underprivileged sectors of society.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. understand philosophy in the context of disabilities,
2. appreciate the talents of persons with disabilities and those from the
underprivileged sectors of society and their contributions to society,
3. perform activities that demonstrate the talents of persons with disabilities and
those from the underprivileged sectors of society.

What I Know

Direction: Tick the column YES if the statement is correct and NO if it is not.

Statement YES NO
1. Authentic dialogue is accepting others regardless of individual
differences.
2. Objective means factually true while subjective is based on an
opinion, or a biased viewpoint, and not on hard facts.
3. If we are authentic, then we would be caring and careful to explain
or make a dialogue which better suits the individual traits and
bring the best of them and others as human.
4. Martin Buber was a Jewish philosopher who became famous
through his 1923 philosophical writings
5. For Heidegger, a conversation attempts to articulate who and what
we are, not as particular individuals but as human beings.
6. Intersubjectivity means a subjective interaction between two
persons or among more subjective minds where there is an
involvement of opinion.
7. Jurgen Habermas was a German sociologist and philosopher who
introduces a path leading to mutual understanding through his
theory of communication.
8. Humankind as a conversation is more than an idle talk but a
dialogue is a statement of Martin Heidegger.
9. “I-Thou” relationship of Buber stated that both subjects share a
sense of caring, respect, commitment, and responsibility.
10. “I-It” relationship of Buber states that it lacks authentic existence
for it is not socially growing or developing perhaps only gaining
knowledge about the object.

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 Module
Philosophy and Disability
4
Thinking clearly about persons with disability (PWDs) and unprivileged
sectors of society can advance philosophy as a whole, by identifying and correcting
biases such as views based on so-called normal individuals that may neglect or block
rare, under-represented kinds of people. This helps ensure both the neutrality and
the generality of philosophical views.

What’s In

Direction: Answer the following questions below on a separate sheet of paper.

https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/issues/disability/

1. Give five (5) words that you can associate with the pictures.
a. ___________________________________________
b. ___________________________________________
c. ___________________________________________
d. ___________________________________________
e. ___________________________________________

2. What is intersubjectivity? How is it related with respect?

3. How do you deal with the persons with disabilities and underprivileged?
4. What problems do underprivileged and people with disabilities face in the
Philippines?
5. What things do you think disability rights groups campaign for?

2
 What’s New

Activity 101
Directions: Know a short background of the people shown below and search on
their ability of self-improvement despite of their disabilities, then write
their contributions on a separate sheet.

https://www.sunrisemedical.co.uk/blog/famous-people-with-disabilities https://www.sunrisemedical.co.uk/blog/famous-people-with-
disabilities

Name: Stephen Hawking

Disabilities: _________________ Name: Nick Vujicic
_____________________________ Disabilities: _________________
His ability of self-improvement: _____________________________
_____________________________ His ability of self-improvement:
Contribution: _______________ _____________________________
_____________________________ Contribution: _______________
_____________________________

http://old.gaates.org/regions/asia-pacific-regions/ https://www.depedrovcatanduanes.com/files/11-Intro-to-Philo-
AS-v1.0.pdf

Name: Ronnel Del Rio

Name: Ana Kristina Arce
Disabilities: _________________
Disabilities: _________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
His ability of self-improvement:
His ability of self-improvement:
_____________________________
_____________________________
Contribution: _______________
Contribution: _______________
_____________________________
_____________________________

The treatment of disability as a subject of philosophical interest is relatively

new although philosophers have always lived among people who could not see, walk,
or hear; who had limited mobility, comprehension or longevity, or chronic illnesses
of various sorts.

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 What is It

Philosophy and Disability

Disability looks much like sex or race as a philosophical topic (Stanford

Encyclopedia of Philosophy). It concerns the classification of people on the basis of
observed or inferred characteristics.

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy clearly stated that, there is little interest

now in the question of whether, in a world without discrimination, blacks or women
would do better or worse on various metrics of well-being than whites or men. In
contrast, there is considerable interest in this question when the subject is people
with disabilities. Some philosophers and disability scholars claim that no different
than in the case of race or sex: to the extent that disability reduces well-being, it is
because of the stigma and discrimination it evokes. In contrast, other philosophers
claim that disability is fundamentally different from race and gender in that it
necessarily reduces well-being: even in a utopian world of non-discrimination, people
with blindness, deafness or paraplegia would be worse off than their able-bodied
counterparts. This is but one example of the many ways that disability generates
philosophical debate about some of our most familiar ethical, political, and
epistemological concepts.

Anita Silvers, a Professor of Philosophy at San Francisco State University and

is well known for her writings on philosophy and disability explained two ways in
which philosophical studies of disability differ from how this subject is pursued in
most other academic fields:
a. Philosophy of disability has not been spun off as a sub-specialty but instead is
being integrated into whatever discussions of central philosophical issues invite
challenges to normalizing assumptions.
b. Second is the methodological distinction between the ways philosophy studies
disability and its treatment by the interdisciplinary field of disability studies.

The philosophical study of disability keeps this as an open question. Clearly,

applying philosophical rigor and insight to weigh the ways these realities are related
grows ever more important. For the demand to refine and elevate thinking about our
personal and cultural responses to disability becomes ever more pressing as we face
the social policy implications of our capacity for biological intervention, as well as an
increasing population of weak elderly people and disabled people.

4
Definitions of Disability
a. Synonym for “inability” or as a reference to legally imposed limitations on rights
and powers (The Oxford English Dictionary, 2006).

b. The term covers such diverse conditions as the congenital absence or adventitious
loss of a limb or a sensory function; progressive neurological conditions like
multiple sclerosis; chronic diseases like arteriosclerosis; the inability or limited
ability to perform such cognitive functions as remembering faces or calculating
sums; and psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (Stanford
Encyclopedia of Philosophy).

c. Many different characteristics are considered disabilities. Paraplegia, deafness,

blindness, diabetes, autism, epilepsy, depression, and HIV and even mental
incapability have all been classified as “disabilities.” (Stanford Encyclopedia of
Philosophy).

d. Disability means a physical or a mental impairment that substantially limits one

or more psychological, physiological or anatomical function of an individual or
activities of such individual.

Definitions of Persons with Disability

a. These are the persons that have impairment that may be cognitive,
developmental, intellectual, mental, physical, sensory, or some combination of
these. It substantially affects a person's life activities and may be present from
birth or occur during a person's lifetime.

b. PWDs are those suffering from restriction or different abilities, as a result of a

mental, physical or sensory impairment, to perform an activity in the manner or
within the range considered normal (Republic Act (R.A) no. 7277 or the Magna
Carta for the Disabled Persons, Persons with disabilities or PWDs)

Different Kinds of Disabilities

According to the World Health Organization, 1 billion people – one in seven – have
some form of disability. It is important to remember that disability can be quite
complex and two people with the same type of disability may not have the same
experiences. Also, 90% of disabilities are invisible – so while you may not see any
visible signs, the disability can still be a part of someone’s day-to-day life. Below are
the different kinds of disabilities:

a. Intellectual Disability - characterized by an IQ below 70 (the median IQ is 100),

and significant difficulty with daily living such as self-care, safety,
communication, and socialization.

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Intellectual Disability may be caused by:
 Genetic Condition
 Problem during Pregnancy and Birth
 Health Problems or Illness
 Environmental Factors

Types of Intellectual Disability

 Down syndrome is not a disease or illness, it is a genetic disorder which occurs
when someone is born with a full, or partial, extra copy of chromosome 21 in
their DNA. Down syndrome is the most common genetic chromosomal
disorder and cause of learning disabilities in children.
 FXS (Fragile X Syndrome) is the most common known cause of an inherited
intellectual disability worldwide. FXS is a genetic condition caused by a
mutation (a change in the DNA structure) in the X chromosome. People born
with Fragile X syndrome may experience a wide range of physical,
developmental, behavioral, and emotional difficulties; however, the level of
severity can be very varied.

b. Physical Disability - may affect, either temporarily or permanently, a person’s

physical capacity and/or mobility. Whilst there are tests available for some
physical disabilities, they are often diagnosed through observations of a person’s
development, behavior, and physical capabilities.

Physical Disability may be caused by:

 Inherited or Genetic Disorders
 Serious Illnesses
 Injury

Types of Physical Disability

 Acquired brain injuries are due to damage that happens to the brain after
birth. They can be caused through a wide range of factors including a blow to
the head, stroke, alcohol or drugs, infection, disease such as AIDs or cancer,
or a lack of oxygen.

 Cerebral palsy is associated with movement, muscle tone, and posture –

‘Cerebral’ refers to the brain and ‘palsy’ means weakness or lack of muscle
control. Typically, it is due to an injury to the developing brain before or during
birth, caused by a reduced blood supply and lack of oxygen to the brain.

 Dwarfism is short stature (abnormal skeletal growth) which can be caused by

over 300 genetic or medical conditions. It is generally defined as an adult
height of 4 feet 10 inches or less, with the average height of someone with
dwarfism being 4 feet.

6
c. Mental Illness is a general term that refers to a group of illnesses that
significantly affects how a person feels, thinks, behaves, and interacts with other
people. A mental illness can cause problems in your daily life, such as at school
or work, or in relationships. Mental illnesses can be very difficult and debilitating
to those experiencing them, as well as their families and friends. They can also
be permanent, temporary, or come and go.

Types of Mental Illness

 Bipolar disorder (formerly known as manic depression), causes extreme mood
swings including emotional highs (mania) as well as extreme lows
(depression). These mood swings come in ‘cycles’ which can last days, weeks
or even months.

 Depression is a mental illness which significantly affects the way someone

feels, causing a persistent lowering of their mood and feelings of dejection and
loss.

d. Sensory Disability - is a disability of the senses (e.g. sight, hearing, smell, touch,
taste). As 95% of the information about the world around us comes from our sight
and hearing, a sensory disability can affect how a person gathers information
from the world around them.

Types of Sensory Disability

 Blindness and Low Vision - a person is considered legally blind if they cannot
see at six meters what someone with normal vision can see at 60 meters or if
their field of vision is less than 20 degrees in diameter. A person is said to
have low vision when they have permanent vision loss which affects their day
to day and cannot be corrected with glasses.
 Hearing loss (deafness), also known as a hearing impairment, is the partial or
total inability to hear. If someone has very little or no hearing, the term ‘deaf’
may be used. Damage to any part of the external, middle, or inner ear can
cause hearing loss which can range from being mild to profound

Discussion Questions:
1. How challenging is Covid19 pandemics for People with Disability or PWD?
2. What are the advantages and disadvantages in Philippine education for
students with disability?
3. Which among of the types of disabilities do you think is the most challenging?

7
Inspiring Stories of Persons with Disability

Gilda Quintua-Nakahara
"A Successful Deaf Entrepreneur"

To run her business and talk to people, Gilda

uses her hands — either through pen and paper or
Filipino Sign Language.
The definition of a successful Deaf
Entrepreneur, she runs a travel and tour business
called Nakahara Lodging and Travel Agency. Catering
to those like her, it is primarily a travel service for deaf
people around the world, though they also provide
services for hearing people.
Drawing inspiration from foreign deaf friends,
she and her fellow deaf Pinoys met in tourist spots,
and she decided to set up her own business in 2004.

https://www.depedrovcatanduanes.com/files/11-Intro-to-Philo-AS-v1.0.pdf

In 2007, she was recognized at the Go Negosyo Caravan for People with
Disabilities in De La Salle – College of St. Benilde. But, as she said in her interview
with Manila Bulletin, representing the fellow deaf is its own reward. “As a deaf person
in this kind of business, I am proud to say that I have crossed the border of so-called
limited access. I honestly worked hard to achieve my goals. I wanted to show the
world that we are not cut off from mainstream society and we are capable of regularly
doing and keeping our jobs like the rest of hearing and speaking people.” Aside from
all of this, Gilda has helped establish a deaf organization in her province of Eastern
Samar.
President Franklin Delano Roosevelt
A beloved U.S. president who helped guide
the nation successfully through World War II,
President Franklin Delano Roosevelt is considered a
great president and the entire time he was in office,
FDR was also a wheelchair-user. Upon starting his
political career in gusto, he contracted polio while
drinking water at a campground and became
paralyzed from the waist down.
Even though it was not made public until
years later that he could not walk for fear of the
public doubting his competency, FDR proved
paralysis was not a roadblock to being a great leader.

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Franklin-D-
Roosevelt

Discussion Question:
1. How can you prove that “disability is not a hindrance to success”?

8
Appreciating PWD Talents
Disability and unprivileged situations, in everyday thought, are associated
with failure, with dependency and with not being able to do things. The unprivileged
people like a security guard are sometimes overlooked assets during disaster
response who are always taken for granted. We feel sorry for these people, because
we imagine it must be miserable to be disabled and unprivileged. These are the
reasons why they need more helping hands to support and an open mind to
understand their situation. Laica Gairanod, the winner in “The Voice Kids” of ABS-
CBN proved that she has still the talent to compete and show the world even if her
family collected plastic materials, bottles, and other recyclable items for added
income. Poverty did not hinder her desire to reach for her dreams.

Always put ourselves in the shoes of others before judging them. If we always
remember this, perhaps we would turn out to be more accepting of disability and be
less prejudiced.

Here are some tips on how we will appreciate the talents of PWD’s:
1. Focus on the person’s capabilities. Do not be so focused on a person’s disability
that you do not see the person.
2. Be respectful.
3. Show and give support for their talents.
4. Be amazed of who they are instead of what we see.
5. Put yourself on their shoes.
6. Provide fair equality of opportunity.

Discussion Question:
1. What are the other ways to appreciate the talents of PWD’s?
2. Why do you think that we should treat the person with disability with respect
and not with pity?

What’s More

Direction: A. Choose one topic below and write a short essay about it.

a. “Underprivileged People and PWDs Can Be Successful Too”

b. “My Appreciation to the PWDs Talents”
c. “The Courageous Story of _____ (name a PWDs you know)”

Criteria:
Content and Development 10
Organization and Structure 5
Grammar, Punctuation, and Spelling 5
20 points*
*see the attached rubric

9
 What I Have Learned

Direction: A. Put the lacking concepts/phrases/sentences to complete the table

below.

Understanding Disabilities
Types
Kinds of Disabilities Description Causes

Intellectual Disability

Physical Disability

Mental Illness

Sensory Disability

Direction: B. Complete the sentences below:

In this lesson, I have learned that:

1_________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
2._________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
3._________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

But I am slightly confused about

___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

I want to learn more on

___________________________________________________________________________
___

______________________________________________________

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 What I Can Do

Empathizing PWDs!

1. Shoot a minute video performing an activity that demonstrates the talent of

persons with disability.

Examples of activity:
 Sing blindfolded
 Dance on the wheelchair
 Draw/paint using feet or mouth

Notes to the Teacher

Let the students choose one activity to perform. They can pre-record it
or show it during one of your online live sessions.

Assessment

Directions: Read carefully and encircle True if the statement is correct. Encircle
False if it is a wrong statement.

1. People with disabilities cannot work. True False

2. The unprivileged people are sometimes overlooked assets
True False
during disaster response in any disaster.
3. People with disabilities want to be respected and have the
True False
same opportunities as people without disabilities.
4. The poem “No Man is an Island” expresses that human beings
do badly when isolated from others and need to be part of a True False
community in order to prosper.
5. Through communication, people can confirm the validity of
True False
our emotions.
6. “Intersubjectivity” refers to the most basic sense to the
True False
interaction between two subjects.
7. People with disabilities always need help to accomplish every
True False
day activities.

11
8. We are all unique individuals born with unique talents and
True False
abilities living in a community and part of a society.
9. We benefit from Jobs’ Apple creations, Edison’s light bulb,
True False
Ford’s automotive ideas or our mom’s cooking.
10. According to the World Health Organization, 1 billion people –
True False
one in seven – have some form of disability.
11. Laica Gairanod’s family collected plastic materials, bottles,
True False
and other recyclable items for added income.
12. The intersubjective field is an area of common engagement in
which my individual subjectivity is articulated and True False
communicated.
13. When someone is imposing something upon us, he or she is
trying to remove our freedom of choice and overstepping our True False
boundaries.
14. Peace Talks between Duterte’s government and the
Communist Parties of the Philippines is an example of True False
Authentic Dialogue.
15. Authentic dialogue is an exchange of information and views on
a subject where both participants have to adjust their
True False
attitudes and views, depends on new information being
exchanged.
16. People who are marginalized may still be seen as significant
contributors to society through their talents, skills, and True False
capabilities.
17. Promote social inclusion in schools is one way to make society
True False
more inclusive for People with Disabilities.
18. To resolve differences and conflicts, we should engage in a
dialogue wherein we will experience ourselves as bonded to the
True False
person with whom we are speaking and making understanding
with.
19. Those who have physical disabilities or socioeconomic
challenges should be seen as individuals with the same True False
potential and talents as anybody else.
20. Intersubjectivity promotes a sense of community and unity
True False
among individuals.
Source: Dangcalan, Meriam. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person. Quezon City: ERC Publishing House, 2018

12
 13
What I Have Learned
Understanding Disabilities
Kinds of Types
Description Causes
Disabilities
characterized by an IQ below 70  Genetic Condition
and significant difficulty with  Problem during Pregnancy and
daily living such as self-care, Birth Down syndrome
Intellectual
FXS (Fragile X
Disability safety, communication, and  Health Problems or Illness Syndrome)
socialization.  Environmental Factors
temporarily or permanently, a  Inherited or Genetic Disorders
person’s physical capacity and/or Acquired brain injuries
Physical  Serious Illnesses
Cerebral palsy
Disability mobility.  Injury Dwarfism
 Inherited or Genetic Disorders
illnesses that significantly affects
how a person feels, thinks,  Serious Illnesses Bipolar disorder
Mental Illness
 Injury Depression
behaves, and interacts with other
people.
b. is a disability of the senses
 Inherited or Genetic Disorders
(e.g. sight, hearing, smell, Blindness and Low
Sensory  Serious Illnesses
touch, taste). Vision
Disability  Injury Hearing loss (deafness),
What I Know What’s In
1. Yes Answers may vary
2. Yes (sample Answers)
3. Yes Disability
4. Yes Wheelchair
5. Yes Helping
6. Yes hands
Depression
7. Yes
Disabled
8. Yes persons
9. Yes
10. Yes
Answer Key
 14
Essay Rubrics
What’s New
Name: Stephen Hawking
Disabilities: diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), paralyzed and lose his
ability to speak
His ability of self-improvement: Continued to make seminal contributions to the
scientific world.
Contribution: The late Stephen Hawking is an icon of modern physics. As well as
inspiring generations of scientists, his contributions have changed our understanding of
the universe and scientific achievements, from gravitational singularities to quantum
cosmology.
Nick Vujicic
Disabilities: tetra-amelia syndrome, the absence of all four limbs.
His ability of self-improvement: Bullied for being limbless, struggled but eventually
realizing that his accomplishments could inspire others.
Contribution: President and CEO of his non-profit organization; became a motivational
speaker, traveling internationally and focusing on teen issues.
Ronnel Del Rio
Disabilities: blind broadcast journalist
His ability of self-improvement: Used his voice of reason and awareness, discussed
national issues as well as issues that the community of PWDs in the Philippines faced.
Contribution: Striving to be a voice for the unheard PWDs in the Philippines, pushed for
accessible services not only in his area but in the rest of the country.
Ana Kristina Arce
Disabilities: Mute and Deaf
His ability of self-improvement: Without a sound, she is able to communicate passion
and hope in her speeches.
Contribution: She graduated magna cum laude from the De La Salle - College of Saint
Benilde (CSB) with a degree in Applied Deaf studies. Her focus was on the multimedia
arts and she went on to become a graphic artist at her alma mater, CSB.
References

Dangcalan, Meriam. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person. Quezon

City: ERC Publishing House, 2018

Lumaas, Rheybelle, et.al., Appreciating the Talents of PWDs Group. Oct. 10, 2018,
https://prezi.com/p/vo9a08btfoup/appreciating-talents-of-pwd/

iHope. Intersubjectivity - Intro to the Philosophy of the Human Person. Jul 22, 2018,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=03A4oVPlhoI

Department of Education Catanduanes. Introduction to The Philosophy of the

Human Person Activity Sheets (First Quarter). June 2016.
https://www.depedrovcatanduanes.com/files/11-Intro-to-Philo-AS-v1.0.pdf

Silvers, Anita. Philosophy Now, A Magazine of Ideas Article. 2000.

https://philosophynow.org/issues/30/Philosophy_and_Disability_an_overview

VCU Libraries Social Welfare History Project. Disability.

https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/issues/disability/

Rcampus. iRubric: Short Essay Questions Rubric.

https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?sp=yes&code=N4AA82&

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