Group No –E5-G2

Experiment No – 01 Prediction of conversion using segregation model for PFR and PBR

Students Name – Harsh Pandya, Jay Bhingradiya, Hardik Jesadiya, Hemanshu Raghvani,
Jatin Joshi, Bhavya Shah

Student/s Roll No – 21BCH078, 21BCH079, 21BCH080, 21BCH0119D, 21BCH120D,

21BCH077

Contributions in Report Making

Theory and Procedure – Jay Bhingradiya, Hardik Jesadiya

Calculations - Harsh Pandya, Hemanshu Raghvani

Editing and Formating - Harsh Pandya, Jatin Joshi

Performance Date – 29/03/2024

Submission Date – 5/04/2024

Faculty Signature
Objective:
To predict the conversion using segregation model in Plug flow reactor and Packed bed
reactor.

Aim
To calculate the mean conversion of PFR and PBR.

Introduction:

In chemical reaction engineering, a segregation model is like a special tool we use to understand
how mixtures of different substances react together. It helps us see how the amounts of each
substance change in different parts of the mixture because some substances might move around
faster or react more quickly than others. We often use segregation models when dealing with
systems like catalytic reactors, where different substances are involved and things can get pretty
mixedup.

Theory:

The segregation model, pivotal in understanding reactor dynamics, elucidates the extremes of
mixing in chemical reactions. In a segregated mixing model, fluid elements remain distinct
throughout their residence in the reactor, contrasting with the concept of complete micro
mixing. This model, emphasizes how each element retains its identity and reacts over varying
residence times, as illustrated by the residence time distribution (RTD). Developed by
Danckwerts and Zwietering, this model provides a framework for comprehending complex
reaction kinetics and reactor performance.

Reaction

NaOH + CH3COOC2H5 → CH3COONa + C2H5OH

We consider the equimolar reaction of A and B. The reaction can hence be written as 2A→ B
Assuming the reaction under study is a second order reaction (n = 2)

Rate of disappearance of A is given as:

𝑑𝐶𝐴
𝑟𝐴 = = 𝑘𝐶𝐴2
𝑑𝑡

The performance equation for a plug flow reactor is,

𝐶𝐴𝑜 𝑋𝑒
𝑑𝐶𝐴 𝑑𝑋𝐴
𝜏= ∫ = 𝐶𝐴0 ∫
𝐶𝐴 −𝑟𝐴 0 −𝑟𝐴

The performance equation for a mixed flow reactor is,

 𝐶𝐴0 − 𝐶𝐴 𝐶𝐴 ∗ 𝑋𝐴
𝜏= = 0
−𝑟𝐴𝑓 −𝑟𝐴𝑓

Segregation model:
Predicting Conversion Directly from the Residence Time Distribution,

𝑑𝑋 = 𝑋(𝑡) ∗ 𝐸 (𝑡)

𝑑𝑋
= 𝑋(𝑡) ∗ 𝐸(𝑡)
𝑑𝑡

Mean Conversion formula,

∞
𝑋 = ∫ 𝑋(𝑡) ∗ 𝐸 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡
0

Calculation:
From CRE 1 Isothermal Batch Reactor experiment
k = 0.698
CA0 = 0.05

1) PFR

35
𝑋 = ∫0 𝑋(𝑡) ∗ 𝐸 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = 0.40708

2) PBR

● 5 LPH

44
𝑋 = ∫ 𝑋(𝑡) ∗ 𝐸 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = 0.39872
0

● 10 LPH

22
𝑋 = ∫0 𝑋(𝑡) ∗ 𝐸 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = 0.2951
Observation Table:

➢ Plug Flow Reactor

Table 1: Dataset for PFR

Time Concentration E(t) X(t) E(t)*X(t)

0.5 0.0025 0.004488 0.017151 7.69724E-05
1 0.003 0.005386 0.033723 0.000181632
1.5 0.0035 0.006284 0.049746 0.000312603
2 0.004 0.007181 0.065246 0.00046853
2.5 0.0035 0.006284 0.080248 0.000504281
3 0.003 0.005386 0.094777 0.000510468
3.5 0.002 0.003591 0.108854 0.000390893
4 0.0025 0.004488 0.122499 0.000549776
4.5 0.0035 0.006284 0.135733 0.000852947
5 0.0025 0.004488 0.148574 0.000666799
5.5 0.002 0.003591 0.161039 0.00057829
6 0.004 0.007181 0.173144 0.001243345
6.5 0.0025 0.004488 0.184904 0.000829851
7 0.003 0.005386 0.196335 0.001057462
7.5 0.0035 0.006284 0.20745 0.001303616
8 0.002 0.003591 0.218261 0.000783777
8.5 0.003 0.005386 0.228782 0.001232219
9 0.004 0.007181 0.239023 0.001716423
9.5 0.0025 0.004488 0.248996 0.001117492
10 0.002 0.003591 0.25871 0.000929028
10.5 0.0015 0.002693 0.268177 0.0007222
11 0.003 0.005386 0.277404 0.0014941
11.5 0.0125 0.022442 0.286402 0.006427443
12 0.036 0.064632 0.295179 0.019078011
12.5 0.0485 0.087074 0.303742 0.026448064
13 0.0515 0.09246 0.3121 0.028856781
13.5 0.0495 0.088869 0.32026 0.028461156
14 0.045 0.08079 0.328228 0.026517529
14.5 0.044 0.078995 0.336011 0.026543222
15 0.0335 0.060144 0.343617 0.020666481
15.5 0.0325 0.058348 0.35105 0.020483047
16 0.0305 0.054758 0.358316 0.01962068
16.5 0.028 0.050269 0.365422 0.01836939
17 0.0295 0.052962 0.372372 0.019721556
17.5 0.026 0.046679 0.379171 0.017699332
18 0.0255 0.045781 0.385825 0.017663447
18.5 0.025 0.044883 0.392337 0.017609278
19 0.0265 0.047576 0.398713 0.018969181
19.5 0.026 0.046679 0.404957 0.018902974
20 0.0255 0.045781 0.411072 0.01881928
20.5 0.0225 0.040395 0.417063 0.016847243
21 0.0225 0.040395 0.422933 0.017084365
21.5 0.0205 0.036804 0.428686 0.015777348
22 0.018 0.032316 0.434325 0.014035652
22.5 0.034 0.061041 0.439854 0.02684915
23 0.016 0.028725 0.445277 0.012790568
23.5 0.019 0.034111 0.450595 0.015370237
24 0.021 0.037702 0.455812 0.017185021
24.5 0.0225 0.040395 0.460931 0.018619307
25 0.021 0.037702 0.465955 0.017567421
25.5 0.0175 0.031418 0.470885 0.01479428
26 0.0185 0.033214 0.475726 0.015800767
26.5 0.0165 0.029623 0.480479 0.014233229
27 0.017 0.030521 0.485146 0.014807156
27.5 0.0185 0.033214 0.489731 0.01626592
28 0.022 0.039497 0.494234 0.019520771
28.5 0.019 0.034111 0.498659 0.017009754
29 0.0185 0.033214 0.503007 0.016706868
29.5 0.0225 0.040395 0.50728 0.020491573
30 0.0125 0.022442 0.51148 0.011478639
30.5 0.012 0.021544 0.515609 0.011108291
31 0.0105 0.018851 0.51967 0.00979629
31.5 0.0125 0.022442 0.523662 0.011752025
32 0.0125 0.022442 0.527589 0.011840148
32.5 0.0125 0.022442 0.531451 0.011926831
33 0.013 0.023339 0.535251 0.012492228
33.5 0.008 0.014363 0.53899 0.007741512
34 0.0065 0.01167 0.542669 0.006332947
34.5 0.0065 0.01167 0.54629 0.006375202
35 0.0065 0.01167 0.549854 0.006416793

⮚ Packed Bed Reactor

Table 2: Dataset for PBR at 5 Lph

Time Concentration E(t) X(t) E(t)*X(t)

1 0.001 0.0009 0.033723 3.03508E-05
2 0.004 0.0035 0.065246 0.00022836
3 0.004 0.0035 0.094777 0.000331719
4 0.004 0.0035 0.122499 0.000428747
5 0.005 0.0044 0.148574 0.000653725
6 0.005 0.0044 0.173144 0.000761832
7 0.005 0.0044 0.196335 0.000863875
 8 0.005 0.0044 0.218261 0.00096035
9 0.005 0.0044 0.239023 0.001051701
10 0.005 0.0044 0.25871 0.001138325
11 0.005 0.0044 0.277404 0.00122058
12 0.005 0.0044 0.295179 0.001298788
13 0.005 0.0044 0.3121 0.001373241
14 0.025 0.0219 0.328228 0.00718819
15 0.125 0.1097 0.343617 0.037694749
16 0.13 0.1141 0.358316 0.040883881
17 0.13 0.1141 0.372372 0.042487623
18 0.1 0.0878 0.385825 0.033875421
19 0.095 0.0834 0.398713 0.033252685
20 0.075 0.0658 0.411072 0.027048528
21 0.07 0.0615 0.422933 0.026010358
22 0.062 0.0544 0.434325 0.023627288
23 0.045 0.0395 0.445277 0.017588423
24 0.038 0.0334 0.455812 0.015224118
25 0.032 0.0281 0.465955 0.013093324
26 0.027 0.0237 0.475726 0.011274709
27 0.023 0.0202 0.485146 0.009799959
28 0.017 0.0149 0.494234 0.007364091
29 0.01 0.0088 0.503007 0.00442646
30 0.007 0.0061 0.51148 0.003120029
31 0.007 0.0061 0.51967 0.003169984
32 0.006 0.0053 0.527589 0.002796221
33 0.006 0.0053 0.535251 0.002836831
34 0.006 0.0053 0.542669 0.002876146
35 0.006 0.0053 0.549854 0.002914225
36 0.005 0.0044 0.556816 0.002449991
37 0.005 0.0044 0.563567 0.002479693
38 0.005 0.0044 0.570114 0.002508503
39 0.005 0.0044 0.576469 0.002536462
40 0.005 0.0044 0.582638 0.002563606
41 0.004 0.0035 0.58863 0.002060204
42 0.004 0.0035 0.594452 0.002080582
43 0.004 0.0035 0.600112 0.002100392
44 0.004 0.0035 0.605616 0.002119656

Table 2: Dataset for PBR at 10 Lph

Time Concentration E(t) X(t) E(t)*X(t)

1 0.004 0.01158 0.033723 0.000390513
2 0.005 0.01447 0.065246 0.000944107
3 0.005 0.01447 0.094777 0.001371421
4 0.005 0.01447 0.122499 0.001772562
5 0.006 0.01736 0.148574 0.002579242
6 0.006 0.01736 0.173144 0.003005775
7 0.002 0.00579 0.196335 0.001136781
 8 0.0125 0.03618 0.218261 0.007896698
9 0.013 0.03762 0.239023 0.008992042
10 0.015 0.04341 0.25871 0.011230608
11 0.011 0.03184 0.277404 0.008832557
12 0.09 0.26047 0.295179 0.076885281
13 0.06 0.17365 0.3121 0.054196192
14 0.04 0.11576 0.328228 0.037995658
15 0.025 0.07235 0.343617 0.024860666
16 0.015 0.04341 0.358316 0.015554507
17 0.01 0.02894 0.372372 0.01077644
18 0.008 0.02315 0.385825 0.008931845
19 0.005 0.01447 0.398713 0.005769381
20 0.004 0.01158 0.411072 0.004760212
21 0.004 0.01158 0.422933 0.00489756
22 0.004 0.01158 0.434325 0.005029485

Graphs:

1) Plug Flow Reactor

Graph 1: E(t) v Time

 Graph 2: E(t)*X(t) v Time

2) Packed Bed Reactor

• 5 - LPH

Graph 3: E(t) v Time

 Graph 4: E(t)*X(t) v Time

• 10 LPH

Graph 5: E(t) v Time

 Graph 6: E(t)*X(t) v Time

Result and Discussion

Reactor PFR (2.5 Lph) PBR (5 Lph) PBR (10 Lph)

Conversion 0.40708 0.39872 0.2951

From the result data provided, we can conclude that the Plug Flow Reactor (PFR) outperformed
the Packed Bed Reactors (PBRs) in terms of conversion efficiency. The highest conversion
percentage of 40.708% was achieved in the PFR, indicating its superior performance in this
segregation model. Comparatively, the PBRs operating at both 5 LPH and 10 LPH exhibited
lower conversion percentages, with the 5 LPH PBR showing a slightly higher conversion than
the 10 LPH PBR. This suggests that reactor type plays a significant role in determining
conversion efficiency, with the PFR proving to be more effective in this scenario. Additionally,
the data implies that lower flow rates may favor higher conversion rates, as seen in the slightly
higher conversion achieved at 5 LPH compared to 10 LPH in the PBR.