MATHEMATICS TH

1.
TARGET IIT JEE 2026
XI(P)

LOGARITHM

CONTENTS
LOGARITHM
KEY CONCEPT. Page -2
EXERCISE-I Page -3
EXERCISE-II... Page -4
EXERCISE-III age -5

ANSWER KEY. Page-12

MUKESH SINGH
 KEV CONCEPTS (LOGARITIHM)
TINGS To REMEMIRER:
LOGARITUM OF A NUMBER!
REMEMBER
The logarthm of the number N to the base 'a' is the exponent indicating
the power to which the base 'a' must be raised to obtain the number N. log,,2 -0.3010
This number is designated as log, N. log,3 -0.4771
Henoe: log N N¢ a N , a > 0 , a &N>0 In 2 = 0.693
In 10= 2.303
If a- 10,then we wite logb rather than log,,b
If a -e, we write Inb rather than log, b.
The existenoce and uniqucness of the number log, Nfollows from the properties of an exponential
finctions.
From the definition of the logarithm ofthe number Nto the base 'a', we have an
identity: a N . a>0, a# 1 & N>0
This is known as the FUNDAMENTAL LoGARITHMIC IDENTITY
NoTE :log l=0 (a >0, a#1)
log, a = 1 (a>0, a 1) and
log, a=-1 (a>0, a1)
2. THE PRINCIPAL PROPERTIES OF LOGARITHMS:
Let M&N are arbitrary posiitive numbers, a0, a 1,b0zb1and a is any real number
then ;
) log, (M.N) =log, M+log, N Aog, (M/N) =log, M- log, N
(i) log, M" = a.log, M (iv) log, M= log, M
log b
NoTE: log,a. logb=1 log,a1log,b. log,a. log,b. log,c= 1
log, x.log,y . log,z log,x. e = aX
3. %PROPERTIEs OF MONOTONOCITY OF
LOGARITHM:
() For a>1 the inequality 0<x<y &log x< log, y are equivalent.
(i) For 0 <a <l the inequality 0<X<y & log, x> log, yare equivalent.
(ii) If a> 1 then log, x<p 0<x<aP
(iv) If a>1 then log,x >p X> aP
(v) If 0 <a<Ithen log, x<P X> aP
(vi) If 0<a<Ithen log,x>p 0<x<aP
NOTE THAT:
Ifthe number &the base are on one side of the unity, then the logarithm is positive; Ifthe
the base are on different sides of unity, then the logarithm is negative. number &
The base of the logarithm 'a' mustnot equal unityotherwise numbers not equal to unity
a logarithm & any number will be the logarithm of unity. will not have
For a non negative number 'a' & n22, neN Va =alh.
Willbe covered in detail in QUADRATICEQAUTION
Logarithm
 EXERCISEI
0.18
QI Le
Adenotes the value of lg. ab y(ab)-4(a +b) ab- (ab)' -4(a+b)
2 Q.19
when a 43 and b-57
and Bdenotes the vahe oftheexpresion (2o,)(go).
Find the value of (A -B).
Q.2
Q.2(a) IfN= log,4 andy - log3, find the value of log, 10 and log,(1.2) in terms ofx and y.
(6) IFK-16, find the value of k, 5)
Sove for x (Q3 to Q.S):
Q.
Q.3 (a) If log,o (?-12x +36) =2 (b) 9l+logx 3l+logx210 = 0;where base of log is 3.
log, log, N)
Q.4 Simplify: (a) log,a729/9'27-/3; (b) a log,a
Q.5 (a) If log, log, log, x=0; (b) If log,log, [V2x=2+3] =0
Q.6 (a) Which is smaller? 2 or (log,2 + log, T). (b) Prove that log,5 and log,7 are both irational. (
Q.7 Let a andb be real numbers greater than 1for which there exists a positive real number c, different
from 1, such that
2dog,c +log,c) =9log,c. Find the largest possible value oflog b.
Q.8 Find the square of the sum ofthe roots of the equation
log,x logx log,x=log,x log,x+ logx logx+log,x· log,x.
3
Q.9 Find the value of the expression
log,(2000)log.(2000)
Q.10 Calculate : 4

Q.11 Simplify : 81
409

Q.12 Simplify: so,s4),

Q.13 Find 'x satisfying the equation 40 +-690 -2.3log,0**+2 =0.
Q.14 Given that log,a = s, log,b = and lo8 2 a'b
(a, b, c > 0, c# 1).
2(8) =J Write log2A as a function of 's

Q.15 Find the value of

Q.16 Given that log,3 =a, log, 5=b, log,2 = c, express the logarithm of the
140 in terms of a,b&c. number 63 tothe base
Q.17 Prove that log,24 log,192 =3.
log,2 lo8,
 Q1s Prove that a-h 0 where x/log,b & y- Jlog,a, a>0, b>0 &a,b+1.
Q19 Ifa, h,c are postive real mmbers suchthat n27; 6",-49 and es,| 25Si.Findthe
vnlaeofah
log,,(x-3)
Q.20 (a) Solve for x.
) log (log N)+log (log w'-2)-0; where base of log is 10everywhere.
(c) log,2. log,2-log,2 (d) slogr +5xlogs = 3(a> 0) ; where base of log is a.
10
Q.21 Ifxy>0 logxt log,y= and xy =144, then 2 NWhere Nis anatural number, find the
value of N.
Q.22 Sove the system ofcquations:
log, x log,(xyz) =48
log, y lo8, (xyz)=12 , a>0, a*1.
log, z log, (xyz) =84
Q.23 Solve the cquation for x: xog*=32, where base of logarithm is 2.
Q.24 Lety= Jlog, 3-log, 12-log,48-log, 192+16 -log,12log,48 *T0. Find ye N.
Q.25 If x= 1 +log bc, y=1 +log,ca, z=1+log,ab, then prove that xyz=xy +yz+ zx.
EXERCISE-II
Note : From Q.1 to Q.6, solve the equation for x:
Q.1 log (x)=x where a= xo84* Q.2 log, (x+x- 6)²=4
Q.3 x+ log,(1 +2) =x. log,5 +log,o
Q.4 slogr3logx-l =zlogx+lslogx-l where the base of logarithm is 10.
Q.5 log, 120 +(x-3)-2. log,(1S*3) = -log,(0:2-s**)
Q.6 log
X
Q.7 If 'x' and'y' are real númbers suchthat, 2log(2y-3x) =log x+ log y, find y

Q.8 The real xand ysatisfy log,x+log,y²=5and log,y +log,x²=1, find xy.
Q.9 Find the real solutions to the system of equations
log,(2000xy)-log,* log,y=4
log,o(2yz)-log,oy log1o=1
and log,o(z×) -og, log,o=0
Q.10 If a= log,,18 & b=log,,54 then find the value of ab+S (a-b).

Q.11 Find the sum of allsolutions of the equation 3 =3/3.

log,a.log,a+ log b. log_b +log,c. log, c=3(Where a, b, care diferent positive real numbers #1),
If
Q.12 then find the value of abc.

Logarithm
 log, N log, N- loN where N»0& N 1, a, b, e> 0&not
equal to I, then
log, N log, N - log, N
prove that h c.
that
3
b;and
log, log,d-7.If (a-c)-9, findthe value of (b -d).
Ql4 leah,adare psitihve integers sIch
- 1.5386, find log,3.456 : log,,0.3456 &log,,0.003456.
QIS (a) Given: log8,,34.56 characteristic 3, when the base of the
have the
which
(6) Findthe number of positive integers
kogarithm is 7.
the value of log(2.25).
(c) Iflog,o2=0.3010 &log,o3 -0.4771, find thelogarithm is 2401.
(d) Find the antilogarithm of 0.75, ifhe base of
Find the number ofintegers in:
Q.16 If log,2=0.3010, log,3 =0.4771. (c) the number of zerosafter the
decimal in 3-10.
(a) $20 (0) 6!S &
base 1024.
L' denotes the antilog of0.4 to the
Q.17 Let 1° (Given log, 20,3010, logr3=0.4771)
'M denotes the number of digitsinintegers the
and
denotes the number of positive which have the characteristic2, when base of
and N
logarithm is 6.
Find the value of LMN.
3
Q.18 Solve the cquation log,(x+ 2) +3= log,(4-x)+log,(6+x)
equation (2008)(x)°8208*= x.
Q.19 Find the product of thepositive roots of the
system of equation
Q.20 If (x,, y,) and (x,, y,) are the solution ofthe
logz2s*) +log(y) =4
log,(225) - log, (64) =1,
then show that the value of logo%,y,X,Y)
Q.21 Find x satisfying the equation log1+
4
+log 1 -2l98-i).
Q22 Salve :log, ( +-)-log,(4V3+4V-1)
/log, ab log,ab +logs og,b 2 ifbza>l
0.23 Prove that : 2 lo,b ifIkb<a

Q24 Solvefor x: log? (4-)+log (4-x).log| x+-2 log x*-0.

0.25 Find the value ofx satisfying the equation,
/log, V3x +log, Vix} log,x+log, V5+log, /x}log, x? 2.
EX
 ANSWER SHHEET
LOGARITHM
EXERCISE-I
y+ 2 xy +2y-2
QI 12 Q.2 (a) (b) 625 Q.3 (a) x= 16 or x=-4 (b) x=5
2y 2y
Q4 (a) -I () log, N Q.S(1) 8 (b) x=3 Q.6 (a) 2 Q.7 2 Q8 3721 Q.9 l/6 Q.10 9
1 1+2ac
QIl I Q.12 6Q.13 x= 100 Q.14 2s+
2s +10s?-3(s+ 1) Q.15 Q.16
2c+ abc+1
Q.19 469

Q.20 (a) x=5 (b) x=l0 (c)x=2V² or 2-2 (d) x=2loga where baseof log is 5.

Q21 507 Q2 e, a, a)o r H Q.23 a a

Q.2 x=2 or 1/32 Q.24 y=6

EXERCISE-II
Q.1 x=2 Q.2 x=1 Q.3 x=1 Q.4 x= 100 Q.5 x l Q.6 xe
Q.7 4/9 Q8 xy =2 Q.9 x=1,y=5, z= 1 or x=100,y20,z 100
Q.10 1 Q.11 2196 Q.12 abc = 1 Q.14 93
Q.15 (a) 0.5386; +s386; 3.5386 (b) 2058 (c) 0.3522 (d) 343 Q.16 (a) 140 (b) 12 (c) 47
Q.17 23040 Q.18 x=2 or 1-33 Q.19 (2008)2 Q.21x=2 or 6

Q22 (0, 1]o(4) 024 o.7,3+v24

2 Q.25 Ke[13,3]-(1)
EXERCISE-III
Q.1 x=3 or -3 Q.2 B