Fundamentals of Resistive Circuits 1 2.7 MESH ANALYSIS. F This is an alternative method of circuit analysis, Mesh analysis algorithm is given below and is explained through the simple circuit of Fig. 2.24. = Identify independent circuit meshes. There are two such meshes in the circuit of Fig. 2.24, ~ Assign a circulating current to each mesh (i, i, in Fig. 2.24). As each Mesh current enters as well as leaves the mesh elements, the mesh currents implicity satisfy KCL. It is preferable to assign the same direction to the mesh currents—usually clockwise. = Write KVL equations for each mesh (as many as mesh currents). It is observed here that no circuit branch can carry more than two mesh currents. — Itis assumed that all circuit sources are voltage sources. Practical current sources, if any, are first converted to ‘equivalent voltage sources. Fig. 2.24 Let us write KVL equations for the two meshes of Fig. 2.24. Mesh 1: Ri, +RG,-i) +v,- (2.20) Mesh 2: Ri, i) +R tv, - (2.21) ‘These equations can be organized in the form below: Mesh 1: (R,+R)i, - Ry, =v, - (2.22) Mesh 2: Ri, + (R, + Ri, =¥, =, (2.23) Equations (2.22) and (2.33)* can be generalized and weitten down by tion + aa "Equations (2.22) and (2.23) can be written in the matrix form, (+R) =Rs {i (v=) Rs (Ra + Ry) lisBasic Electrical Engineering fexample 2.13 Analyse the circuit of Figs 2.25(a) by the mesh metliod. From ihe ‘results, calctilate the current in the 502 resistance. 100 + wv) ) S120 / 4 # 16A ) 1292 @ Fig. 2.25 Solution The practical current source of Fig. 2.25(a) is first converted to volt source as in 2.25(b). Three meshes are immediately identified with ated currents i, i, and i,. KVL equations for the three meshes are written as follows (directly in organized form). Mesh 1: (10+ 6 +8)i, - 6i, - 81, or w Mesh 2: , or Gi) ‘Mesh 3: eo or ~ 8i,~5i, +251, =0 (ii) Solving Eqs. (i), (i) and (ii) bial & 4, =0.869.A, i,=0.348 Aandi, =0.348 A Current through SQ resistance = i,-i, =0A orm a bridge. When any resistance it will not carry any current. Also is 8Q, 90 and 120 form balanced bridge, Niven: 2:e% Pea eeles alts, ay dnb A cloud bs in ” ie Bor Gab @ 35i, ~ 201, = 50 Gi) 20 (i, - i.) + 30%, + 100=0 (ii) = 20, + 50i, = -100 (iv) Fig. 2.26(b) Solving Eqs. (ii) and (iv), we get i,20.37A, i,=-1.85 A Voltage across 200 resistance y=20(i,-i) =20x2.22=444V Example 2.15 For the circuit of Fig 2.27 determine the value of resistance R such | “that i, = 0.37 A. “Sy | ! Solution q Mesh equations -50 + Ri, +20 (i, -i,)=0 é i,) + 30i, + 100= 010+ 7i,+ 15(i, i) =0 6~3i,+7i,=00.5A source Figure 2.29(a) current through 6092 is 0.5 ~ 0.13095 = 0.36905 Power = (60 x 0.36905) x 0.5 = 11,0715 W TA source Figure 2.29(a) current through 8022 is (1 +J,)= 1 =0:504 = 0.496 A Power = (80 x 0.52) x 1 = 39.68 W 2.8 DEPENDENT SOURCES nodal and mesh analysis apply equally for circuits in ‘The techniques of This will be demonstrated through two which dependent sources are present. ‘examples. ple 2.18 For the circuit of Fig. 2.30, find the voltage v,, by the tech- ‘nique of nodal analysis. 1 050 2 eS yy : 4A O10 040 5h, ! Fig. 2.30 : ,~ 4 ‘ ‘Solution Writing nodal equations for nodes 1 and 2: Node I: = 44 0.1y, +0.500)-¥,) =O or 0.6», -0.5v, =4 @ | Node2: 451, + 0.4v, + 0.510, =") =0 vestveainty =a i, =05(,-¥) a oe = |~2i, + 18%, i= 682A i, n= 20-1) = 2(6.82 + 2.27) = 18.2V 109 6aThis is only one independent node (1), the other (0) being ‘node. Note that the connections between voltage source and resis- ‘be considered as node as voltages. these are known ee ‘current through (say) 5 kQ resistance, it found by Ohm’s law: i(5kQ) = agt 9.8mA (source to node 1) * 2 'helpful in circuit analysis and Bive a simp) nse of a complex network when connected to ang (voltage across or current through an element) ‘ean be obtained as the sum of the responses to sour ‘consequence of circuit linearity. In removing sources irces are short circuited and current sources are Open circuite illustrated with the help of an example. It may also be noted that. ‘called forcing functions (excitations or generators) and v |are known as responses, oltage a