Badminton

Badminton is a tennis–like game played with light strong rackets that are used to strike a shuttlecock (
a feather cork missile ) back and forth, before it hits the ground across a high net within a rectangular
court. The game has an extremely varied repertory of strokes.

History

The game developed from the ancient pastime known as battledore and shuttlecock.
Game was learned in India as ‘poona ‘. The Duke of Beaufort introduced the game at his country
place, Badminton ,in Gloucestershire. The game was referred to as “that badminton game “ .
The oldest badminton club in the world is the Badminton Club of the City of New York, which was
founded in 1878.
The US Badminton Association was formed in 1936.
The International Badminton Federation, the world governing body for the sport, was founded in
1934.

The Premier International men’s team is the “Thomas Cup” which was established in 1948.
and its counterpart in the women’s competition is the “uber Cup”, which was founded in 1956.
1981- Competition are held biennially and the Chinese dominated ever since they began. The mind
90s , Indonesian and some European stole the supremacy from the Chinese .
1977- World Badminton Federation (BWF) was founded . It sponsored the first World Championship
in the same year in Malmo Sweden. This was the start of several international competitions all over
the world .
1989 – “ Suderman Cup “ was established memory of the former IBF Vice President Dick Suderman .
He was also considered the “ Father of Indonesian Badminton “.

COURT
For single – 44ft .long and 17 ft. Wide
For doubles – 44ft .long and 20 ft. Wide
Official court measures 44ft. Long by 22ft. Wide for doubles game and 44 ft. Long by 17 ft. Wide
for singles game . A 1 ½ ft . alley on each is commonly referred to as doubles alleys . Also a space of 2
½ feet wide at both ends of the court which are the back alleys . There are two service areas on each
side of the net , called the short – service line .
The ceiling height should be 30 feet for official game, and 24 ft. For instructional game. Floor
surface is
wood but many synthetic and plastic courts
been developed

Facilities and Equipment

Net – should be made of a dark – colored mosh , 2 ½ ft. Deep ,with a 1 ½ inc. white tape extending
across the top. The top of the net should 5 ft above the floor at a point equidistant from sidelines ,
and 5 ft and 1 inc in height at point above the double sidelines .

Posts – 5 ft and 1 inch in height from the floor

Racket - It is light and can be made of wood, aluminium metal or synthetic material such as graphic or
carbon. It can be up to 68 centimeters long and it is usually weighs about 100 grams.

Shuttlecocks – made from 14-16 goose feathers that are placed in a leather cork head , made of either
plastic or nylon . Shuttle are suitable for recreational games but feathered or official shuttlecock
weight from 4.74 to 5.50 grams .
 Playing

Playing consist of volleying (hitting) the shuttle back and forth over the net without allowing it to hit
the ground. Shuttle is made of feathers or nylon in a cork base. When it hit hard and timed perfectly
it may travel at more than 300 kilometers per hours however, the shuttle decelerates quickly after a
short distance. Shuttle is served with an underhand motion into the opponent’s service court,
diagonally opposite. The server must hit the shuttle while it is below his waist, the racket head must
also be below the serving hand. Only one attempt on the serve is allowed, if the server fails,
then the opponents serves.

4 Common Strokes in Badminton

CLEAR – is also called lob. The shuttle soars in a high are and falls into the court behind the
opponents.
Overhead Defensive Clear Underarm Defensive Clear

Drop – the shuttle falls gently and just clear the net .

Drive – It is a hard stroke hit on a straight line .

The term Strokes and shot are sometimes used interchangeably, but authority in the games uses
words stroke to refer to striking patterns.
Shot – used to differentiate flight patterns according to trajectory or elevation and depth. A forehead
underhand stroke may be used to hit a variety of shots served.
Forehand stroke – refers to any shot struck on the racket side of the body.

Backhand stroke – these are shots struck on the side away from the racket/ left side of right-handed,
right side for left handed.

Three Parts of Backhand of forehand Stroke

Backswing – involves all movements of the rackets away from the target.
Hitting Action – includes all forward motions until the racket contacts the shuttle.
Follow-Through – involves all movements from control contact until the player is back in a position to
await the opponents next shot.

The primary source of power hitting action is the acceleration of the hand and racket. These
movements are primary responsible for acceleration.
Arm extension
Forearm rotation – the turning can be inward (pronation) or outward (supination).
Wrist action or wrist cock – the motion can be a bending towards the inside of the forearm (flexion )
or bending backward the outside of the forearm (hyper flexion ).
Underhand Stoke – when the approaching shuttle is low in front of the player.
Here are the steps in executing the understand stroke.
In a backswing position, drop the racket hand down and back.
Move the right foot forward in the direction of the spot where the shuttle will hit the floor, weight will
transfer to front foot.
The wrist cocks back during the backswing, hyperextension on the forehand.
Move forward the arm while the wrist remains cocked.
Hit the target shuttle combining the three movements in accelerating with full and rapid upward
movement of the hand toward the target, including a vigorous uncocking of the wrist.

Overhand Stroke – used to return the shuttle with a high trajectory coming from the opponent’s court
when the shuttle gets behind you.
Here are some steps in executing the overhand stroke.
Lift both arms overhead.
The non – racket hand provides balance.
During the execution of a smash (overhead shot sharply hit forcefully at a steeper downward angle),
the wrist sometimes moves fast extending to a flex position during the follow through.

Side Arm Stroke – if the opponents uses a drive ( fast low shot with flat trajectory ) so hit the shuttle
parallel to either sidelines and you reach it at a height between your waist and your shoulder , return
it with a side arm stride

Basic Rules and Regulation

Tossing for serve – before a match begins , opponents can toss a coin , spin a racket ,or toss a shuttle
to determine who shall get the choice of “serve “ or “ side “
Scoring – the rally point system is used in scoring the badminton game which means any fault
committed by the serving or receiving team gains point .
Love – designates a score of zero
Love –all – is called when both opponents or teams have a score of zero
In side – is called for the serving player or team
Outside - is called for the receiving player or team
Game point – is the point that a server won which results to the server ‘s winning the match
All double games, as well as men‘s single, are played to 15 points;a women’s singles games ends at 11
points .

3. Setting the score – if the score tied at 13 –all or 14- all ( 9 all or 10 all for women) , the side that first
scored 13 to 14 has the choice of setting ( extending ) or not setting the game .
How to set the score
Points in game Score tied at Game may be set to
11 9 all 3 points
11 10 all 2 points
15 13 all 5 points
15 14 all 3 points

4 . Change of ends – change ends of the court at the beginning of the second game and at the
beginning of the third game is necessary . The first reaches 8 in a game of 15 points , or 6 in an 11
points game .
5. Service rotation for singles and double
*Singles serve and receive in the right service court when the server’s score is an even number. When
the server’s score is an odd number, the players serve from the receive in the left service court.
*In doubles, the service is determined by the serving teams score and by the court position of each
player at the beginning of the game.
*In the first inning, the first team to serve is entitled for only one service or simply called as “one
down initial service”. Thereafter the initial serve, the partners will change service each after they lose
a rally.
*The first service in each half –inning is always from the right service court, to the opponent’s right
service court.

*The server changes courts after every point his team wins. The receiving side does not change
courts.
*When the score is even at the beginning of a half-inning, the players who started the game in the
right court should be in the right court and should serve first in that half-inning.
*The winning team serves first in the next game. In double matches, either player of the winning side
may serve first in the next game and either player of the losing side may be positioned in the right
court to receive.

6. Faults
A team that violates the rule is charged with a fault.
It is fault ( loss of service “hand out” for the serving , or loss of point for the receiving side ) when :

A. Service is illegal ( not correct )

B. If the server, in an attempt to serve , misses the shuttle;
C. If on the serve, the shuttle is caught in or on the net, either before or after passing over the net;
D. If in play , the shuttle lands outside the boundaries of the court
E. If the initial point of contact with shuttle is not on the striker’s side of the net.
F. If when the shuttle is in play, touches the net or its support with racket, or body, except on follow-
through.
G. If during a game, a player deliberately distracts an opponent by an action, such as shouting or
making gestures.
H. If a player is guilty of flagrant or repeated misconduct violations, such as deliberately causing a
suspension of play, interfering with the speed of the shuttle, or behaving in an offensive manner.

7. Lets
When lets occurs, players who served serves again. The following are considered let’s;

a. A shuttle or player from an adjacent court encroaches, thus, interfering with play or concentration;
b. A shuttle, after passing over the net, becomes caught in or on the next except during service;
c. A shuttle hits an obstruction that hangs over the court and is lower than the recommended 24 –
foot ceiling height;
d. During service, the receiver and server both fault at the same time.
e. The sever serves before the receiver is ready, and
f. A line judge is not present and the umpire is unable to make decisions.

Foot work
Ready position the stances you assume while waiting for the opponent.
Establish both feet at the moment the opponents is hitting the shuttle.
Feet should be part, one slightly ahead of the other for better balance.
Knees remain flexed at all times, to moves fast around the court.
Remember to position yourself at the center court to reach any return.
Moving into hitting position – the steps you take in getting into position to stroke the shuttle.
Consider to take long first step with the racket foot when moving forwards in the court for effective
technique
Pivot your left or right when moving to the rear of the court.
Use shuttle or short to reach the shuttle, avoiding further crossover steps.

Foot work during the hitting action – the relationship of the feet during the hitting action.
Fore hand:
When the shuttle is behind you on the forehand side or directly overhead, face the forehand sideline
or front corner.
During the hitting action, transfer your weight to your front foot, raising the heel of your back foot
well off the floor.
Powerful hitting could be displayed through hitch kick or scissors kick, in which both feet come off the
floor at the same time .

Backhand:
When the shuttle is behind you, pivot and cross over so that you face the backhand sideline or back
corner.
Transfer your weight onto the foot closest to your target as you stroke the shuttle.
Back heel will come high off the floor, and the toe of your back foot may drag across the surface.

Footwork during the recovery – returning to base before your opponent hits again.
If in front court, it is efficient to recover with along step with the racket foot followed by shuttle steps
as needed.
When you have hit from the back 8 ft of the court, or your backcourt the first recovery step will also
be with the racket foot.