Class 10 Mathematics Activity

St.
Josephs Indian High School Bangalore 2023-24

Class 10 Sub: Mathematics
Important Formulas for 10th Mathematics Exam 2024:

Mathematics is a subject feared irrationally by students, in general.
Although it can get a little tricky, it is not a subject where high scores
are impossible. All you need to do is regular hard work and smart work.
To help you have a good hold on all chapters of the Class 10
Mathematics curriculum, we have compiled here the important formulas
for you to score high marks in the mathematics examination
1. Real Numbers:
Euclid’s Division Algorithm (lemma): According to Euclid’s Division
Lemma if we have two positive integers a and b, then there exist unique
integers q and r such that a = bq + r, where 0 ≤ r ≤ b. (Here, a =
dividend, b = divisor, q = quotient and r = remainder.)
2. Polynomials:
(i) (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
(ii) (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2
(iii) a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b)
(iv) (a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab(a + b)
(v) (a – b)3 = a3 – b3 – 3ab(a – b)
(vi) a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a2 – ab + b2)
(vii) a3 – b3 = (a – b) (a2 + ab + b2)
(viii) a4 – b4 = (a2)2 – (b2)2 = (a2 + b2) (a2 – b2) = (a2 + b2) (a + b) (a – b)
(ix) (a + b + c) 2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ac

(x) a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc = (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca)
3. Linear Equations in Two Variables:
For the pair of linear equations
a1 + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2 + b2y + c2 = 0,
the nature of roots (zeroes) or solutions is determined as follows:

𝑎1 𝑏1
(i) If ≠ then we get a unique solution and the pair of linear
𝑎2 𝑏2
equations in two variables are consistent. Here, the graph consists of two
intersecting lines.
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
(i) If = ≠ then there exists no solution and the pair of linear
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
equations in two variables are said to be inconsistent. Here, the graph
consists of parallel lines.
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
(iii) If = = then there exists infinitely many solutions and
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
the pair of lines are coincident and therefore, dependent and consistent.
Here, the graph consists of coincident lines.
4. Quadratic Equation:
For a quadratic equation, ax2 + bx + c = 0
𝑏
 Sum of roots = –
𝑎
𝑐
 Product of roots =
𝑎
 If roots of a quadratic equation are given, then the quadratic
equation can be represented as:
x2 – (sum of the roots) x + product of the roots = 0

 If Discriminant > 0, then the roots the quadratic equation are real
and unequal/unique.
 If Discriminant = 0, then the roots the quadratic equation are real
and equal.
 If Discriminant < 0, then the roots the quadratic equation are
imaginary (not real).
5. Arithmetic Progression:
 nth Term of an Arithmetic Progression: For a given AP, where a
is the first term, d is the common difference, n is the number of
terms, its nth term (an) is given as an = a + (n−1)×d
 Sum of First n Terms of an Arithmetic Progression, Sn is given as:
6. Similarity of Triangles:
 If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the
other two sides in distinct points, the other two sides are divided in
the same ratio.
 Theorem on the area of similar triangles: If two triangles are
similar, then the ratio of the area of both triangles is proportional to
the square of the ratio of their corresponding sides.
 If in two triangles, corresponding angles are equal, then their
corresponding sides are in the same ratio (or proportion) and hence
the two triangles are similar.
 If in two triangles, sides of one triangle are proportional to (i.e., in
the same ratio of ) the sides of the other triangle, then their
corresponding angles are equal and hence the two triangles are
similar.
 If one angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of the other triangle
and the sides including these angles are proportional, then the two
triangles are similar.
 The ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the square
of the ratio of their corresponding sides.
 If a perpendicular is drawn from the vertex of the right angle of a
right triangle to the hypotenuse, then triangles on both sides of the
perpendicular are similar to the whole triangle and to each other
 In a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum
of the squares of the other two sides.
 In a triangle, if the square of one side is equal to the sum of the
squares of the other two sides, then the angle opposite the first side
is a right angle.
7. Coordinate Geometry:
 Distance Formulae: Consider a line having two point A(x1, y1)
and B(x2, y2), then the distance of these points is given as:
 Section Formula: If a point p divides a line AB with coordinates

A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2), in ratio m:n, then the coordinates of the
point p are given as:

 Area of a Triangle: Consider the triangle formed by the points
A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) and C(x3, y3) then the area of a triangle is
 given as-
1
Area(ΔABC) = {x1(y2 − y3) + x2(y3 − y1) + x3(y1 − y2)}
2
8. Trigonometry:
In a right-angled triangle, the Pythagoras theorem states
(perpendicular )2 + ( base )2 = ( hypotenuse )2
Important trigonometric properties:

(with P = perpendicular, B = base and H = hypotenuse)
 Sin A = P / H
 Cos A = B / H
 Tan A = P / B
 Cot A = B / P
 Cosec A = H / P
 Sec A = H/B
Trigonometric Identities:
 sin2A + cos2A=1
 tan2A +1 = sec2A
 cot2A + 1= cosec2A
Relations between trigonometric identities are given below:

Trigonometric Ratios of Complementary Angles are given as
follows:
 sin (90° – A) = cos A

 cos (90° – A) = sin A
 tan (90° – A) = cot A
 cot (90° – A) = tan A
 sec (90° – A) = cosec A
 cosec (90° – A) = sec A
9. Circles:
Important properties related to circles:

 Equal chords of a circle are equidistant from the centre.
 The perpendicular drawn from the centre of a circle, bisects the
chord of the circle.
 The angle subtended at the centre by an arc = Double the angle at
any part of the circumference of the circle.
 Angles subtended by the same arc in the same segment are equal.
 To a circle, if a tangent is drawn and a chord is drawn from the
point of contact, then the angle made between the chord and the
tangent is equal to the angle made in the alternate segment.
 The sum of opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is always
180o.
Important formulas related to circles:
10. Mensuration:
Check below the important formulas for areas and volumes of solids:
11. Statistics
For Grouped Data:
Mean: If x1, x2, x3,......xn are observations with respective frequencies

f1, f2, f3,.....fn then mean is given as:
Median: For the given data, we need to have class interval, frequency
distribution and cumulative frequency distribution. Then, median is
calculated as
Where
l = lower limit of median class,
n = number of observations,
cf = cumulative frequency of class preceding the median class,
f = frequency of median class,
h = class size (assuming class size to be equal)
Mode: Modal class: The class interval having highest frequency is

called the modal class and Mode is obtained using the modal class.
Where
l = lower limit of the modal class,
h = size of the class interval (assuming all class sizes to be equal),
f1 = frequency of the modal class,
f0 = frequency of the class preceding the modal class,
f2 = frequency of the class succeeding the modal class.
12. Probability:
ACTIVITIES for the year 2023-24
 Write and learn all the above important formulae
 Polynomials; Solve any three sums from each exercise of IX
Standard mathematics text book
 Theorems.
A perpendicular drawn from the Centre of a circle bisects the
chord
Of all the lines drawn from a point to the line perpendicular is the
shortest.
 Statistics: Solve any three exercise problems of IX Standard
mathematics text on Mean, Mode, and Median
 Surface Areas and volumes: Solve any three sums from each
exercise of IX Standard mathematics text book
 Linear equations in two variables and Coordinate Geometry:
Solve any three sums from each exercise of IX Standard
mathematics text book
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St.

Josephs Indian High School Bangalore 2023-24

Important Formulas for 10th Mathematics Exam 2024:

(i) (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

(ii) (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2

(iv) (a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab(a + b)

(v) (a – b)3 = a3 – b3 – 3ab(a – b)

(vi) a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a2 – ab + b2)

(vii) a3 – b3 = (a – b) (a2 + ab + b2)

(viii) a4 – b4 = (a2)2 – (b2)2 = (a2 + b2) (a2 – b2) = (a2 + b2) (a + b) (a – b)

(ix) (a + b + c) 2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ac

3. Linear Equations in Two Variables:

For the pair of linear equations

a1 + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2 + b2y + c2 = 0,

the nature of roots (zeroes) or solutions is determined as follows:

x2 – (sum of the roots) x + product of the roots = 0

 Sum of First n Terms of an Arithmetic Progression, Sn is given as:

 Section Formula: If a point p divides a line AB with coordinates

point p are given as:

In a right-angled triangle, the Pythagoras theorem states

(perpendicular )2 + ( base )2 = ( hypotenuse )2

Important trigonometric properties:

Relations between trigonometric identities are given below:

 sin (90° – A) = cos A

Important properties related to circles:

Important formulas related to circles:

For Grouped Data:

Mean: If x1, x2, x3,......xn are observations with respective frequencies

Mode: Modal class: The class interval having highest frequency is

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