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Maths Project

triangles and details

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Jeeta Jhaveri
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419 views4 pages

Maths Project

triangles and details

Uploaded by

Jeeta Jhaveri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Maths Project

I. Triangles

History
A triangle one of the basic shapes in geometry, is a polygon with
three corners and three sides. The corners, also
called vertices, while the sides connecting them, are called edges.
Its name was derived from the Latin word 'triangulus', meaning
'three-cornered'. Nobody discovered/created the triangle. The
triangle was existing before humanity. The Sun, the Moon and
Earth were forming a triangle billions of years ago. It is one of the
earliest known geometric shapes, with evidence of its use dating
back to ancient Mesopotamia. Pascal and Pythagoras discovered
properties of triangles.

Significance
It is the strongest polygon. A triangle's strength comes from its
shape, which distributes pressures evenly along its three sides. Out
of all the two-dimensional shapes we can make out of straight struts
of metal, only a triangle is rigid. All other shapes can be deformed
with a simple push if the shape is hinged at the corners. But not the
trusty triangle, which explains its ubiquitous use in construction,
from pylons to bracing and in all sorts of building supports and
trusses.

Types of Triangles
Triangles

Based on
Based on Sides
Angles

Acute Angled Equilateral


Triangle Triangle

Right Angled Isosceles


Triangle Triangle

Obtuse Angled Scalene


Triangle Triangle

Equilateral Triangle
A triangle with all equal sides is said to be an equilateral triangle. If
we break the word equilateral, here "equi" refers to equivalent and
"lateral" refers to sides. It’s a regular polygon as all sides are equal.

 All sides are equal in measurements.


 All angles are equal (each measures 60 degrees), hence
also called equiangular triangle.
 It will always be an acute angled triangle.
 the perpendicular drawn from any of the vertex to the
opposite side bisects the side in equal lengths. It also
bisects the angle of the vertex into equal halves i.e. 30
degrees each from where the perpendicular is drawn.
 Ortho-centre and centroid are at the same point.
 median, angle bisector and altitude of an equilateral
triangle for all sides are the same.
 The sum of all the angles of an equilateral triangle = 180
degrees.

Isosceles Triangle
Isosceles triangles are those triangles that have two sides of equal
measure.

 An isosceles triangle has two equal sides and two equal


angles.
 The two equal sides of an isosceles triangle are called
the legs and the angle between them is called the vertex
angle or apex angle.
 The side opposite the vertex angle is called the base and base
angles are equal.
 The perpendicular from the apex angle bisects the base and
the apex angle.
 The perpendicular drawn from the apex angle divides the
isosceles triangle into two congruent triangles and is also
known as its line of symmetry.

Scalene Triangle
A Scalene triangle is a triangle that has 3 unequal sides. Since all
the three sides are unequal, this means all the three angles are also
of different measures.

 It has three sides, each of a different length.


 It has three angles, each of different measurements.
 It has no parallel or equal sides, hence, there is no line
of symmetry.
 The interior angles of the triangle can be acute, obtuse, or
right angles. Thus, a scalene triangle can be an obtuse
triangle, an acute triangle, or a right-angled triangle.
Right Triangle
A right angled triangle is a triangle in which one of the angles is 90°.
A 90-degree angle is called a right angle, and hence the triangle
with a right angle is called a right triangle. Further, based on the
other angle values, the right triangles are classified as isosceles
right triangles and scalene right triangles.

 The largest angle of a right angle triangle is always 90º.


 The largest side of a right triangle is called the hypotenuse
which is always the side opposite to the right angle.
 The measurements of the sides follow the Pythagoras rule.
 It cannot have any obtuse angle.

II.
1. Two triangles are said to be congruent if all three corresponding sides are equal and all
the three corresponding angles are equal in measure. These triangles can be slides,
rotated, flipped and turned to be looked identical.
2.
i. SSS Criterion stands for Side-Side-Side congruence postulate. Under this criterion, if
all the three sides of one triangle are equal to the three corresponding sides of
another triangle, the two triangles are said to be congruent.
ii. If any two angles and the side included between the angles of one triangle are
equivalent to the corresponding two angles and side included between the angles of
the second triangle, then the two triangles are said to be congruent by ASA rule.
iii. Two triangles are congruent if two sides and the included angle between the sides of
one are equal to the corresponding sides and the included angle between the sides
of the other triangle.
iv. The AAS, or angle-angle-side, congruency rule states that if two triangles have two
equal angles and a side adjacent to only one of the angles that are equal, then the
two triangles are congruent.
v. If the hypotenuse and a side of a right- angled triangle is equivalent to the
hypotenuse and a side of the second right- angled triangle, then the two right
triangles are said to be congruent by RHS rule.

3. If the three angles (AAA) are congruent between two triangles, that does NOT mean that
the triangles have to be congruent. They are the same shape (and can be called similar),
but we don't know anything about their size.

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