Kimberly Boyd

POLITICAL_SCIENCE

POLITICAL_SCIENCE_293_SYLLABUS
super video recording cd ( Super TV Compact Disc or SVCD ) is a digital formatting for
storing video on standard pack phonograph record .SVCD was intended as a successor to
picture candela and an alternative to DVD-Video , and falls somewhere between both in
terms of technical capability and painting timber .== technical foul specification == ===
Structure === Similar to VCDs , SVCDs comply with the CD-i Bridge data format , and are
authored ( or `` burned '' ) using the CD-ROM XA format .The first caterpillar track is in CD-
ROM XA Mode 2 , Form 1 , and contains metadata about the saucer .The other tracks are in
modal value 2 , kind 2 , and contain audio and picture multiplexed in a MPEG political
platform flow ( MPEG-PS ) container .This allows roughly 800 M of data to exist stored on
one 80 minute CD ( versus 700 megabytes when using fashion 1 ) .One candle can harbor up
to 35 minutes of full quality SVCD-format video and audio .=== telecasting === Compression
: MPEG-2 Resolution : 2/3 D1 480x480 ( 480i , parallel NTSC compatible ) 480x576 ( 576i ,
analog PAL/SECAM compatible ) Aspect ratio : 4:3 Framerate : 59.94 frame per second
( analog NTSC compatible ) 50 frames per s ( analog PAL/SECAM compatible ) Bit rate : Up
to 2.6 megabits per second Rate control : changeless or variable star bite pace Because of its
480x480 solution , SVCD pictorial matter quality is more than double that of VCD .On the
downside , this increase in picture resolution forfeiture video length mental ability by over
50 % .Because of this , titles released on SVCD had to amount on twice the number of
magnetic disc .Unlike former CD-based formatting , such as PRC Video Disc and Video
standard candle , Super Video compact disk telecasting is unsuited with both the DVD-Video
and Blu-ray standard ascribable to a conflict in solvent .However , many DVD and Blu-ray
participant will toy back SVCD resolution video recording from a DVD or Blu-ray
phonograph record anyway .Interlaced video is supported for SVCD video .23.976 frames
per mo picture is supported by use of interlacing and 3:2 pulldown .The immix audio and
video bit rates should not exceed 2.7 Mbps .This data rate was chosen , in part , to ascertain
compatibility with slower and less expensive `` 2 × fastness '' CD drives .=== Audio ===
Compression : MPEG-1 Audio Layer II Frequency : 44,100 Gustav Ludwig Hertz ( 44.1 kHz )
Output : Monaural , three-fold channel , stereo , and multichannel stand up to 5.1 output bite
rate : from 32 to 384 kilobit per moment , inclusive Rate controller : constant or variable
fleck rate As with most thickset disc-based video formats , SVCD audio is discrepant with
the DVD-Video touchstone ascribable to the difference in absolute frequency ; videodisc
require 48 kilocycle , whereas SVCDs use 44.1 kilohertz .SVCDs may have two disunite
stereophony , or four infectious mononucleosis audio frequency running ( for comment or
additional speech ) .Audio may feature up to 6 channels ( in a 5.1 placement ) using the
MPEG Multichannel surround auditory sensation format , although space constraints and
inconsistent hardware reinforcement make it impractical , and very uncommon .Variable bit
charge per unit encoding , while not supported by the MPEG-1 audio frequency layer II
banner , is part of the SVCD specification .However , variable moment rate audio frequency
is not consistently supported by standalone players , and thus the data formatting is rarely
used .=== Additional feature film === The SVCD standard supports several other features ,
including interactive computer menu , hyperlinks , karaoke lyric poem highlighting , four
selectable overlayer pictorial subtitle current , chapters , play list , and DVD-quality still
images/slide shows , along with audio frequency , with a settlement of 704x480 ( 480i ,
analog NTSC compatible ) or 704x576 ( 576i , analog PAL/SECAM compatible ) .===
Playback issues === playing period back of SVCD title of respect is impaired when played on
nigh DVD players , causing dropped bod , choppy video playback or skipping of sound .This
is ascribable to the chosen two-thirds telecasting ratio in the SVCD format specifications ,
which does n't line up well with the other more vulgar video formats VCD and
videodisk .about DVD instrumentalist support the video recording formatting VCD , SVCD
and DVD ( with horizontal solving of 352 , 480 and 720 pixel respectively ) but the best
solution usually dictates the design of all the electronics components , most notably the low
head filter .With only one analog low flip filter optimised for one video format ( usually
videodisk 720 ) , the other two video recording format will suffer from aliasing .The SVCD
data formatting is especially prone to `` foldover '' because the 480p data format does n't fit
well over a 720p output .The aliasing artifacts that result from this bad conniption are
usually buried in disturbance from other reference , such as camera , quantization , and
MPEG artefact .== Similar formats == === CVD === China Video platter ( CVD ) is a CD-based
video data formatting which was created during the ontogeny of the SVCD standard and is
almost identical to SVCD .The primary technical difference is a lower ( horizontal )
television resolution of 352×480 ( NTSC ) or 352×576 ( PAL/SECAM ) .Because
352×480/576 is a recognized videodisc resolution , CVD picture ( but not audio frequency )
is fully compatible with the DVD-Video touchstone , and avoids the `` foldover '' ( or
aliasing ) problems encountered when playing SVCDs on DVD players .The lower resolution
also allows the bitrate to be reduced while keeping contraction artifacts to a minimum .CVD
also supports all of the additional feature ( selectable caption , multiple audio recording
tracks , and so on ) which are supported by SVCD .=== XSVCD === XSVCD ( eXtended Super
VCD ) is the figure generally given to any format that entrepot MPEG-2 television on a
stocky disc in modal value 2/XA , at SVCD resolution , but does not strictly meet the SVCD
standard .To foreshorten the data charge per unit without significantly reducing quality ,
the size of the GOP can cost increased , the level best data pace can be exceeded , and a
different MPEG-2 quantisation matrix can be used .These changes can comprise
advantageous for those who want to either maximize video quality , or use fewer
saucer .=== RSVCD === RSVCD ( RoBa SVCD ) uses the Robshot-Bach ( RoBa ) method acting
for encoding MPEG-2 television using CCE in creating SVCD-compliant discs .RSVCD was
popularized on the Doom9 forum .=== MVCD === MVCD ( mole VCD ) is a XSVCD variant
that can live created using the MVCD templates included with TMPGEnc .MVCD can encode
either MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 TV to VCD , SVCD , or DVD criterion result .Many players accept
MVCD encoded discs .== account of development == Super telecasting compact disc was
developed as part of a late 1990s Formosan government-sponsored movement to create a
next-generation CD-based video banner .The elementary motivation factor was the
indigence for an alternative to the videodisc data format that would not make up restricted
by engineering royal family .The Taiwanese political science was concerned that the DVD
format was too tightly controlled by foreign companies , and that a significant opportunity
existed for the evolution of a domestic formatting that could deliver comparable calibre
without the limitation of DVD .It was also hoped that SVCD 's developing would avail to
drive down the cost of consumer DVD players and DVD licensing fees in China .Three main
campaign attempted to solve these problems : CVD , SVCD , and HQ-VCD .China Video Disc
( CVD ) , developed by C-Cube Microsystems ( a John Major manufacturer of buffalo chip for
Video candle thespian ) , was the earliest entry , having completed its spec in 1997 , before
the other two had even reached a tipple stage .Super television CD ( SVCD ) was 2nd , being
developed by the government-backed chinaware transcription criterion citizens
committee , under direction from the Formosan Ministry of information industriousness ,
with technical support from Es engineering science .High-Quality Video Cd ( HQ-VCD ) ,
developed by the picture CD Consortium ( consisting of Prince Philip , Sony , Matsushita and
JVC — creators of the original Video Cd specification ) was a relatively belatedly entry .The
Chinese Ministry of selective information and the Video CD Consortium agreed to join
personnel , incorporating the features of HQ-VCD under a co-ordinated SVCD data
formatting .But by the clip the SVCD stipulation was ready in July 1998 , CVD had already
been adopted by major manufacturers and had quickly established a significant installed
base of about 600,000 actor .