IoT-Based Smart Home Security and Home

Automation System
Mr. SK. Abdul Kalam M.Tech,(Ph.D) SK. MD. Mohiddin Basha
Asst.Professor Electrical Electronics Engineering
Narasaraopeta Engineering College Narasaraopeta Engineering
Narasaraopet, India College
[email protected] Narasaraopet, India
[email protected]
SK. Shahabaj
Electrical Electronics Engineering S. MAHESHWARI
Narasaraopeta Engineering Electrical Electronics Engineering
College Narasaraopet, India Narsaraopeta Engineering
[email protected] College Narasaraopet, India
[email protected]

B. Venkateswara Rao
Electrical electronics engineering
Narasaraopeta Engineering College
Narasaraopet, India
[email protected]
Abstract— Home security based on Internet of Things varying kinds. Bluetooth and RF Communications have
(IoT) is getting huge attention of mass people in recent drawbacks in that they can control 10mts to 30mts. GSM
years. Smart home eases and secures the management of technology we can only control home appliances only net is
the home appliances. This project's main aim is a low good. IoT is system that use mobile to control basic home
cost and reliable smart home system that assists the users functions and features automatically through the Internet
to manage home appliances without the need of their from anywhere around the world using mobile Internet or
physical presence. It can store and display information of WIFI
temperature & humidity of a home, and notifies the users
of switching on/off time of light, fan and other home PROPOSED SYSTEM
appliances using IoT platform. The system includes gas
leakage & fire alarm. It has leakage gas removing & fire The Internet of thing is a growing network of everyday
extinguishing facility and notification system using IoT objects, from industrial machines to consumer goods that can
platform. The system uses real IP and RESTful API for share information and complete tasks while you are busy with
controlling, monitoring and accessing the home other activities Because of the advanced development in
appliances remotely from anywhere in the world using computer technology, microprocessors are not only on the
Android based smartphone app or web app. This system desktop but also exist everywhere wireless devices
is user friendly and energy efficient. monitoring and controlling Swallows us to control household
appliances like light, door, fan, AC, etc. It also provides
wireless devices monitoring and controlling an emergency
Keywords— Arduino UNO,ESP8266,DHT11, Thingspeak system to be activated. wireless device monitoring and
cloud
controlling not only refers to reducing human efforts but also
I. INTRODUCTION energy efficiency and time-saving. Microprocessors are
embedded in electronic appliances in our homes today. In the
Just imagine, how beneficial it will be to be able to switch on past, the appliances are working on standalone and cannot
our air condition for half an hour before we reach our home cooperate. But in recent years, these appliances can be
in the summertime. When we leave our home for some work monitored and controlled by embedded microprocessors and
without realizing that some appliances such as fans, air displayed on terminals.
conditioners, and lights are on; then by using our mobile
phone or internet, we are able to turn off power to those
devices. It will be even more useful if the system detects
unauthorized movement in the house and alerts us or sends
messages on our mobile phones or we can know the status of
our house anytime. Such systems provide security from
natural, incidental, intended, unintended, accidental and
human made problems by continuously monitoring homes
with different sensory
EXISTING SYSTEM
Wireless devices monitoring and controlling systems is a
means that allows users to control electric appliances of.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
DESCRIPTION FEATURES OF LCD 16X2
Monitoring and controlling wireless devices with
IoT and Arduino involves using an Arduino board • It includes two rows where each row can produce 16
connected to sensors and actuators. • Every character can be built with a 5×8 Pixel box
The Arduino collects data from sensors and • The alphanumeric LCDs alphabets & numbers
communicates with the IoT platform over the • Is display can work on two modes like 4-bit & 8-bit
internet using Wi-Fi or other wireless modules. The • These are obtainable in Blue & Green Backlight
IoT platform processes and stores the data, allowing • It displays a few custom-generated characters
remote monitoring through a web or mobile app.
Control signals can also be sent to the Arduino to
actuate devices. Security measures are implemented
to protect data and ensure the system's reliability.

HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

ARDUINO
Arduino is open source physical processing which is
based on a microcontroller board and an
incorporated development environment for the board
to be programmed. Arduino gains a few inputs, for
example, switches or sensors, and controls a few
multiple outputs, for example, lights, engines, and
others. Arduino programs can run on Windows,
Macintosh, and Linux operating systems (OS)
opposite to most microcontrollers’ frameworks
which run only on Windows. Arduino programming
is easy to learn and RELAY

A relay is an electromechanical device that uses an electric

current to open or close the contacts of a switch. The single-
channel relay module is much more than just a plain relay, it
comprises components that make switching and connection
easier and act as indicators to show if the module is powered
and if the relay is active or not

LCD

Nowadays, we always use devices that are made up of LCDs

such as CD players, DVD players, digital watches,
computers, etc. These are commonly used in the screen
industries to replace the utilization of CRTs. Cathode Ray
Tubes use huge power when compared with LCDs, and CRTs BUZZER FEATURES AND SPECIFICATIONS
are heavier as well as bigger. These devices are thinner as
well power consumption is extremely low. The LCD 16×2 • Rated Voltage: 6V DC
working principle is, it blocks the light rather than dissipates • Operating Voltage: 4-8V DC
it. This article discusses an overview of LCD 16X2, pin • Rated current: <30mA
configuration, and it’s working. • Sound Type: Continuous Beep
• Resonant Frequency: ~2300 Hz
The DHT11 is a commonly used Temperature and
humidity sensor that comes with a dedicated NTC to CIRCUIT EXPLANATION
measure temperature and an 8-bit microcontroller to TRANSFORMER
output the
values of temperature and humidity as serial data.
A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy
ULTRASONIC SENSOR from one circuit to another through inductively coupled
electrical conductors. A changing current in the first circuit
(the primary) creates a changing magnetic field; in turn,
this magnetic field induces a changing voltage in the
second circuit (the secondary). By adding a load to the
secondary circuit, one can make current flow in the
transformer, thus transferring energy from one circuit to
the other.
The secondary induced voltage VS, of an ideal
transformer, is scaled from the primary VP by a factor
equal to the ratio of the number of turns of wire in their
respective windings:

BASIC PRINCIPLE

As shown above the HC-SR04 Ultrasonic (US) sensor is a The transformer is based on two principles: firstly, that an
4-pin module, whose pin names are Vcc, Trigger, Echo, electric current can produce a magnetic field
and Ground respectively. This sensor is a very popular (electromagnetism) and secondly that a changing magnetic
sensor used in many applications where measuring field within a coil of wire induces a voltage across the ends
distance or sensing objects are required. The module has of the coil (electromagnetic induction). By changing the
two eyes-like projects in the front which form the current in the primary coil, it changes the strength of its
Ultrasonic transmitter and Receiver. The sensor works magnetic field; since the changing magnetic field extends
with the simple high school formula that into the secondary coil, a voltage is induced across the
Distance = Speed × Time secondary.
The Ultrasonic transmitter transmits an ultrasonic wave, A simplified transformer design is shown below. A
this wave travels in the air and when it gets objected by current passing through the primary coil creates a magnetic
any material it gets reflected back toward the sensor this field. The primary and secondary coils are wrapped around
reflected wave is observed by the Ultrasonic receiver a core of very high magnetic permeability, such as iron;
module this ensures that most of the magnetic field lines produced
by the primary current are within the iron and pass through
the secondary coil as well as the primary coil.

INDUCTION LAW

The voltage induced across the secondary coil may be

calculated from Faraday’s law of induction, which states
that:

Where VS is the instantaneous voltage, NS is the number

of turns in the secondary coil and Φ equals the magnetic
flux through one turn of the coil.
If the turns of the coil are oriented perpendicular to the diodes in a bridge configuration that
magnetic field lines, the flux is the product of the
magnetic field strength B and the area A through which it provides the same polarity of output voltage for any
cuts. The area is constant, being equal to the cross- polarity of input voltage. When used in its most common
sectional area of the transformer core, whereas the application, for conversion of alternating current (AC)
magnetic field varies with time according to the excitation
input into direct current (DC) output, it is known as a
of the primary. Since the same magnetic flux passes bridge rectifier. A bridge rectifier provides full-wave
through both the primary and secondary coils in an ideal rectification from a two-wire AC input, resulting in lower
transformer, the instantaneous voltage across the primary cost and weight as compared to a center-tapped
winding equals transformer design, but has two diode drops rather than
one, thus exhibiting reduced efficiency over a center-
Taking the ratio of the two equations for VS and VP gives tapped design for the same output voltage.
the basic equation for stepping up or stepping down the
voltage

IDEAL POWER EQUATION

If the secondary coil is attached to a load that allows

current to flow, electrical power is transmitted from the
primary circuit to the secondary circuit. Ideally, the
transformer is perfectly efficient; all the incoming energy
is transformed from the primary circuit to the magnetic
field and into the secondary circuit. If this condition is GAS SENSOR
met, the incoming electric power must equal the outgoing
power.
ISVS Pincoming = IPVP = Poutgoing =
A gas sensor is a device which detects the presence or
giving the ideal transformer equation BRIDGE RECTIFIER

DETAIL OPERATION A diode bridge or bridge rectifier is an arrangement of four

The simplified description above neglects several practical

factors, in particular the primary current required to
establish a magnetic field in the core, and the contribution
to the field due to current in the secondary circuit.
Models of an ideal transformer typically assume a core of
negligible reluctance with two windings of zero resistance.
When a voltage is applied to the primary winding, a small
current flows, driving flux around the magnetic circuit of
the core. The current required to create the flux is termed
the magnetizing current; since the ideal core has been
assumed to have near-zero reluctance, the magnetizing
current is negligible, although still required to create the
magnetic field.
The changing magnetic field induces an electromotive
force (EMF) across each winding. Since the ideal
windings have no impedance, they have no associated
voltage drop, and so the voltages VP and VS measured at
the terminals of the transformer, are equal to the
corresponding EMFs. The primary EMF, acting as it does
in opposition to the primary voltage, is sometimes termed
the "back EMF". This is due to Lenz's law which states
that the induction of EMF would always be such that it
will oppose development of any such change in magnetic
field
concentration of gases in the atmosphere. Based on the
concentration of the gas the sensor produces a
corresponding potential difference by changing the
resistance of the material inside the sensor, which can be
measured as output voltage. Based on this voltage value
the type and concentration of the gas can be estimated.
The type of gas the sensor could detect depends on the
sensing material present inside the sensor. Normally
these sensors are available as modules with comparators
as shown above. These comparators can be set for a
particular threshold value of gas concentration. When the
concentration of the gas exceeds this threshold the digital
pin goes high. The Analog pin can be used to measure
the concentration of the gas.

WI-FI MODULE

ESP8266 was designed by the Chinese company

Espressif Systems for uses in Internet of Things (IoT)
systems. ESP8266 is a complete WIFI system on chip
that incorporates a 32-bit processor, some RAM and
depending on the vendor between 512KB and 4MB of
flash memory. This allows the chip to either function as
a wireless adapter that can extend other systems with
WIFI functionality, or as a standalone unit that can by
itself execute simple applications. Depending on the
specific module variant (ESP-1 to ESP-12 at the time of
this thesis) between 0 and 7 General Purpose
Input/Output (GPIO) pins are available, in addition to Rx
and Tx pins of the UART, making the module very
suitable for IoT applications. The Software Development
Kit (SDK) provided by Espressif contains a
lightweight implementation of a TCP/IP control stack
(IWIP) for WIFI communication. The modules house
libraries for optional services such as Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol (DHCP),

Domain Name System (DNS), JavaScript Object Notation

(JSON) and Secure Socket Layer (SSL) libraries for
Application Level programming. It incorporates 802.11
MAC extensions such as 802.11b/g/n/d/e/h/i/k/r that
manage signal transmission, encapsulation, encryption,
collision management and roaming functionality. The chip
generally comes as part of a module, soldered to a Printed
Circuit Board (PCB), however it is possible to purchase SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION
only the chip itself in order to create a truly custom ARDUINO IDE
module. The module variants currently available on the The Arduino Integrated Development Environment - or Arduino
market may include an antenna (PCB or ceramic) or a U- Software (IDE) - contains a text editor for writing code, a
FL connector, a hardware component for serial message area, a text console, a toolbar with buttons for common
communication and a myriad of other auxiliary functions and a series of menus. It connects to the Arduino and
components such as resistors, capacitors and LEDs. Genuino hardware to upload programs and communicate with
them.

ARDUINO IDE INTIAL SETUP

This is the Arduino IDE once it’s been opened. It opens into a
blank sketch where you can start programming immediately.
First, we should configure the board and port settings to allow us
to upload code. Connect your Arduino board to the PC via the
USB cable.

SERIAL COMMUNICATION

ESP8266 has multiple peripherals through which it can

interface with other modules in a classic embedded
fashion. In this section only the setup of the
communication link will be presented, since the exact flow
of bits to achieve such communication was handled
automatically by the module and is therefore deemed of no
immediate interest for this thesis. In this case classical
UART was used to decode output and encoding data to be
sent to the sensor. Similarly, EM50 data logger has an
UART of its own and can do the same thing on its end.
Serial asynchronous communication does not require a
common clock, however in order for the data to be
processed correctly and at right intervals a common baud
rate (can be viewed as symbols per second) needs to be set
for both devices. The baud-rates supported by ESPs
UART component range from 9600 to 921600bps, while ThingSpeak IoT Platform
the EM50 is configured for 9600bps as default.

ThingSpeak is IoT platform for user to gather real-time data; for

instance, climate information, location data and other device microcontroller and esp8266-01 as a connectivity module. It
data. In different channels in ThingSpeak, you can summarize helps the user to control various appliances such as lights, fans,
information and visualize data online in charts and analyze and TVs and can make decisions based on the feedback of
useful information. sensors remotely.

ThingSpeak can integrate IOT: bit (micro: bit) and other Pooja N. Pawar (2018) et al designed a people prefer more
software/ hardware platforms. Through IOT:bit, you can upload automatic systems rather than manual systems. With the
sensors data to ThingSpeak (e.g. temperature, humidity, light influence of the Internet in people’s life lots of new technologies
intensity, noise, motion, raindrop, distance and other device are coming up. One of the latest, emerging, and trending
information). technologies is the ‘Internet of Things’. This technology is
expected to rule the world within a few years. Home Automation
System uses the technology of the Internet of Things for
monitoring and controlling the electrical and electronic
appliances at home from any remote location by simply using a
Smartphone. The implementation of a low-cost, flexible home
automation system is presented. It enhances the use of wireless
communication which provides the user with remote control of
various electronic and electrical appliances.

Shweta Singh (2017) et al proposed home automation with the

proliferation of IoT is becoming a reality now, and a variety of
players like, Apple, Amazon, Google, and Samsung, are all
converging into this space to provide the platform and solutions
for smart homes. In Light of this, the present study addresses IoT
concepts through a systematic review of scholarly research
papers, corporate white papers, professional discussions with
experts, and online databases. The main objective of this paper is
RELATED WORKS to provide an overview of the Internet of Things, architectures,
and vital technologies and their usages in our daily life
Vinay Sagar K N (2016) et al present a low-cost cost flexible
and reliable home automation system with additional security K. Saiteja (2017) et al develop a system that will provide remote

using an Arduino microcontroller, with IP connectivity through control of home appliances and also provide security against

local Wi-Fi for accessing and controlling devices by authorized mishaps when the host is not at home. This paper is mainly

users remotely using a Smart smartphone application. The concerned with the automatic control of light or any other home

proposed system is server-independent and uses the Internet of appliances using the internet. It is meant to save the electric

Things to control human-desired appliances starting from power and human energy. This application is made with the help

industrial machines to consumer goods. The user can also use of the Internet of Things and Raspberry Pi. The various

different devices for controlling with the help of a web browser, appliances connected to the Raspberry Pi is using the wireless

smartphone, or IR remote module. To demonstrate the network.

effectiveness and feasibility of this system, in this paper, we

Priyanka Zambare (2018) et al designed an IoT that has nowadays
present a home automation system using Arduino UNO
become an emerging and trending technology.
It is a system of physical things embedded with sensors, Shweta
software, electronics, and connectivity to allow it to perform
better by exchanging information with other connected devices,
the operator, or the manufacturer. Home automation based on
IoT allows users to access and control various home
applications remotely using smartphones. It is mainly useful for
physically disabled people and also to provide security to our
house. It improves the standard and quality of people’s lives.
And also make our home and life safer.

RESULT

[3] Singh, Kishore Kumar Ray, 2017, “home automation

FUTURE SCOPE OF THE POWER THEFT DETECTION

SYSTEM INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING:
The future scope of wireless device monitoring and control
using IoT and Arduino includes the potential for expanded
automation, improved energy efficiency, and enhanced
connectivity for a wide range of applications, from smart homes
to industrial processes

References:

] Vinay sagar K N, Kusuma S M, Jan-2016, “Home Automation

Using Internet of Things”, International Research Journal of
Engineering and Technology, vol. 02, no. 03, pp. 01-10..

[2] Pooja N.Pawar, Shruti Ramachandran, Nisha P.Singh,

Varsha V.Wagh, April 2018, “A Home Automation System
using Internet of Things”, International Journal of Innovative
Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, vol. 4,
no. 4, pp. 54-63.