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UNIT 1 Part 2-CS

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30 views3 pages

UNIT 1 Part 2-CS

Uploaded by

Sulja Siraj2026
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNIT 1

COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND ORGANISATION


CHAPTER 1
COMPUTER SYSTEM

Computer Architecture

Computer System:
All of the components of a computer system can be summarized with the simple
equations. COMPUTER SYSTEM = HARDWARE + SOFTWARE+ USER

Hardware: Hardware refers to a tangible device that is physically connected to the


computer system. Hardware components are connected to the computer both externally
and internally.
Devices that you can see outside your computer are called external hardware, such
keyboard, mouse, printer, etc. Devices that are located inside the CPU cabinet are called
internal hardware, such as motherboard, hard drive, RAM, etc.

Software: Software is a set of programs, which is designed for a well-defined function.


Software is a non-tangible component of a computer.
Hardware Concepts
Input Devices: The devices which help to enter data into computer system. These devices
accept input from the user and convert it into a form that can be understood by the
computer i.e., binary code.

1. Keyboard: - This is the most commonly used input device which directly enters data
into computer in the form of letters, digits and commands.
a) Alphanumeric keys
b) Direction keys
c) Function keys
d) Special keys
e) Number keys
2. Mouse - A mouse is a pointing device used for moving a pointer on a computer
monitor. It was developed by Douglas Engelbart in 1963.
3. Light Pen- It is a pointing device and light sensitive stylus attached to a video
terminal to draw pictures or to select menu options.
4. Microphone - It is used to input audio data into the computer. They are mainly
used for sound recording.
5. O C R (Optical Character Reader) - It is used to convert images of text into machine
editable text. It is widely used to convert books and documents into electronic
files.
6. Barcode Reader- A barcode reader is an input device that is used to read the
information from the barcode pasted on the product and decode the information
in a human-readable format. It consists of a lens, light sensors and light source to
translate the optical data and impulses into the electrical signals.
7. Biometric Sensors- It is used to recognize individuals based on physical or
behavioral traits. Biometric sensor is used to mark attendance of
employees/students in organizations /institutions. It is also popular as a security
device to provide restricted entry for secured areas.
8. Web Camera- This capture still pictures as well as videos and, with the help of
software, can transmit them in real time. It is commonly used for Web Chats.
9. O M R (Optical Mark Reader): An OMR is capable of recognizing a pre-specified
type of mark made with a dark pencil or ink.
10. QR Code Reader (Quick Response Code): It is a special kind of two-dimensional
matrix barcode that anybody can scan with a smartphone app that usually directs
the user to a website.

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