RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE OOP THROUGH JAVA
UNIT V Applet: Applet class, Applet structure, Applet life cycle, sample Applet programs.
Event handling: event delegation model, sources of event, Event Listeners, adapter classes, inner
classes. AWT: introduction, components and containers, Button, Label, Checkbox, Radio
Buttons, List Boxes, Choice Boxes, Container class, Layouts, Menu and Scrollbar.
Applets
Applet is a java program that runs on the web browser to generate the dynamic content
and will work on the client side.
Points to be remembered
1. Applets are designed to be embedded within an HTML page
2. JVM is required to view an applet
3. Use import java.applet.*; package
4. Web browser related code will write in the applet
5. Doesn’t use main() method and System.out.println() method
Advantage of Applets
1. It works at client side so less response time
2. Secured
3. It can be executed by browsers running under many platforms, including Linux, Windows,
Mac Os etc.
Disadvantages of applets
1. The client browser requires a plugin to run the applet.
2. The mobile browser on IOS or Android does not run any Java applets. Desktop browsers have
dropped support for Java applets along with the rise of mobile operating systems.
Hierarchy of Applet
As displayed in the diagram, Applet class extends Panel.
Panel class extends Container which is the subclass of
Component.
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RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE OOP THROUGH JAVA
Applet implementation can be done in 2 ways
1. Using HTML file
2. Using appletviewer tool
1. Using HTML file
To execute the applet by html file, create an applet and compile it. After that create an html
file and place the applet code in html file. Now click the html file.
Example: Applet Creation
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class AppletDemo extends Applet
{
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
g.drawString("WELCOME”,150,150);
}
}
Save
C:\>AppletDemo.java
Compile
C:\>javac AppletDemo.java
Html file Creation
<html>
<body>
<applet code="AppletDemo.class" width="300" height="300">
</applet>
</body>
</html>
Save
Applet.html
Execution using html
Double click on Applet.html
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RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE OOP THROUGH JAVA
Output:
Note: If there is a plug-in for the browser then only the applet will be displayed.
2. Using appletviewer tool
To execute the applet by appletviewer tool, create an applet that contains applet tag in
comment and compile it. After that run it by: appletviewer AppletDemo.java.
Note: Html file is not required
Example
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class AppletDemo extends Applet
{
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
g.drawString("welcome",150,150);
}
}
/*
<applet code="AppletDemo.class" width="300" height="300">
</applet>
*/
To execute the applet by appletviewer tool, write in command prompt:
c:\>javac AppletDemo.java
c:\>appletviewer AppletDemo.java
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RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE OOP THROUGH JAVA
Applet life cycle:
The applet life cycle can be defined as the process of how the object is created, started,
stopped, and destroyed during the entire execution of its application. It basically has five core
methods namely init(), start(), stop(), paint() and destroy().These methods are invoked by the
browser to execute.
1. init()
The init() method is the first method to run that initializes the applet. It can be invoked only
once at the time of initialization.
2. start()
The start() method contains the actual code of the applet and starts the applet.
It is invoked immediately after the init() method is invoked.
It is invoked whenever the applet is Every time the browser is loaded, refreshed,
maximized, restored, or moving from one tab to another in the browser.
3. paint()
The paint() method belongs to the Graphics class in Java. It is used to draw shapes like
circle, square etc., in the applet.
It is executed after the start() method and when the browser or applet windows are
resized.
4. stop()
The stop() method stops the execution of the applet.
The stop () method is invoked whenever the applet is stopped, minimized, or moving from
one tab to another in the browser
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RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE OOP THROUGH JAVA
5. destroy()
The destroy() method destroys the applet after its work is done.
It is invoked when the applet window is closed or the browser is closed.
It removes the applet object from memory and is executed only once.
We cannot start the applet once it is destroyed.
Note:
init(), start(), stop() and destroy() are available in java.applet.*;
paint(Graphics g()) will be available in java.awt.*;
As an applet starts working, the following methods are called in order:
init()
start()
paint()
As an applet’s operation is about to come to an end, the following methods are called in order:
stop()
destroy()
Syntax
class AppletLifeCycle extends Applet {
public void init() {
// initialized objects
}
public void start() {
// code to start the applet
}
public void paint(Graphics graphics) {
// draw the shapes
}
public void stop() {
// code to stop the applet
}
public void destroy() {
// code to destroy the applet
}
}
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RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE OOP THROUGH JAVA
Example
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
/*<applet code="AppletLifeCycle.class" width="350" height="150"> </applet>*/
public class AppletLifeCycle extends Applet
{
public void init()
{
setBackground(Color.CYAN);
System.out.println("init() called");
}
public void start(){ System.out.println("Start() called"); }
public void paint(Graphics g){ System.out.println("Paint() called"); }
public void stop() { System.out.println("Stop() Called"); }
public void destroy() { System.out.println("Destroy() Called"); }
}
Output
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RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE OOP THROUGH JAVA
AWT:
AWT stands for Abstract Window Toolkit
AWT is an API (Application Programming Interface) to develop GUI or window-based
applications
AWT components are platform dependent so their look and feel changes according to OS
AWT is heavyweight i.e. AWT components depends upon native code (current OS code) to
handle their functionality
The java.awt package provides classes for AWT api such as TextField, Label, Button,
TextArea, RadioButton, CheckBox, Choice, List etc.
AWT Hierarchy:
The hierarchy of Java AWT classes are given below.
Container
The Container is a component in AWT that can contain another components like buttons,
textfields, labels etc. The classes that extends Container class are known as container such
as Frame, Dialog and Panel.
It is basically a screen where the components are placed at their specific locations. Thus it
contains and controls the layout of components.
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RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE OOP THROUGH JAVA
Window
The window is the container that has no borders and menu bars. You must use frame,
dialog or another window for creating a window. We need to create an instance of Window class
to create this container.
Panel
The Panel is the container that doesn't contain title bar, border or menu bar. It is
generic container for holding the components. It can have other components like button, text field
etc. An instance of Panel class creates a container, in which we can add components.
Frame
The Frame is the container that contain title bar and border and can have menu bars. It
can have other components like button, text field, scrollbar etc. Frame is most widely used
container while developing an AWT application.
Label:
It is a passive control and is available in component class (awt package)
Used to display text i.e., read only text
Constructors:
1. Label() : creates an empty label
2. Label(String str) : creates a label with specified text, LEFT justified
3. Label(String str, Alignment) : possible alignments are LEFT, RIGHT, CENTER
Methods:
1. getText(); : returns the name of label
2. setText(String str); : assigning a text / name to the label
After this adding these components to container by add()
i.e., add(l1); add(l2); l1.setText("REC");
Program
import java.awt.*;
public class LabelDemo extends Frame{
LabelDemo()
{
Label l1=new Label();
Label l2=new Label("COLLEGE");
Label l3=new Label("Branch",Label.RIGHT);
l1.setText("REC");
l1.setBounds(50, 100, 100, 30);
l2.setBounds(50, 150, 100, 30);
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RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE OOP THROUGH JAVA
l3.setBounds(50, 200, 100, 30);
add(l1);
add(l2);
add(l3);
setSize(300,300);
setLayout(null);
setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new LabelDemo();
}
}
Output
Button:
Used to submit the form (form contains several components)
If you click on the button then some action / event will be perform
Constructors:
1. Button() : creates an empty button i.e., button with no label displayed on it
2. Button(String str) : creates a button with label as given string
Methods:
1. getLabel() : returns the name of button
2. setLabel(String str) : assigning a name to the button
actionListener actionPerformed()
After this adding these components to container by add()
i.e., add(b1); add(b2); b1.setLabel(“SUBMIT”);
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RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE OOP THROUGH JAVA
Program
import java.awt.*;
public class ButtonDemo
{
public static void main (String[] args)
{
// create instance of frame with the label
Frame f = new Frame("Button Demo");
// create instance of button with label
Button b = new Button("Click Here");
// set the position for the button in frame
b.setBounds(50,100,80,30);
// add button to the frame
f.add(b);
// set size, layout and visibility of frame
f.setSize(400,400);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
}
Output
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RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE OOP THROUGH JAVA
TextField:
Used to create a single line text box ( Can enter only one line of text in the text box)
Constructors:
1. TextField() : creates a textbox with no text is displayed on the corresponding
box
2. TextField(int col) : creates a textbox with the given column size
3. TextField(String str) : creates a checkbox and filled with the given string in the box
4. TextField(String str, int col) : creates a checkbox and filled with the given string in the
specified column size box
Ex: user id and password text boxes
Methods:
1. getText() : returns the name of the corresponding textbox
2. setText(String str) : assigning a name to the textbox
3. setEchoChar(char) : assigning a name to the textbox
After this adding these components to container by add();
i.e., add(t1); add(t2); add(t3);
Program
import java.awt.*;
public class TextFieldDemo {
public static void main(String args[]) {
Frame f = new Frame("TextField Demo");
TextField t1 = new TextField("Welcome to Java.");
t1.setBounds(50, 100, 200, 30);
f.add(t1);
f.setSize(400,400);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
}
Output
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RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE OOP THROUGH JAVA
CheckboxGroup:
Used to select single element (Creating Radio Buttons)
Constructor:
1. CheckboxGroup cbg=new CheckboxGroup();
Checkbox c=new Checkbox(string, cbg, boolean);
Ex: Gender Male Female
Methods:
1. getLabel() returns the label of the corresponding checkbox
2. setLabel(String str) assigning a name to the checkbox
3. getState() returns the state of the checkbox i.e., true / false (false, if it is
unchecked)
4. setState(boolean) sets the state to the corresponding checkbox
After this adding these components to container by add();
i.e., add(c1); add(c2); add(c3);
Program
import java.awt.*;
public class CheckboxGroupDemo
{
CheckboxGroupDemo()
{
Frame f= new Frame("CheckboxGroup Example");
CheckboxGroup cbg = new CheckboxGroup();
Checkbox checkBox1 = new Checkbox("C++",cbg, false);
checkBox1.setBounds(100,100, 50,50);
Checkbox checkBox2 = new Checkbox("Java",cbg, true);
checkBox2.setBounds(100,150, 50,50);
f.add(checkBox1);
f.add(checkBox2);
f.setSize(400,400);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
new CheckboxGroupDemo();
}
}
Output
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RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE OOP THROUGH JAVA
Checkbox:
Used to select multiple elements
State of checkbox will be changed for each selection
Constructors:
1. Checkbox() : creates a checkbox with empty label i.e., checkbox with no label displayed on it
2. Checkbox(String str): creates a checkbox with label as given string
3. Checkbox(String str, Boolean on): //2nd parameter will select by default if boolean is on
4. Checkbox(String str, Checkbox cbg, Boolean on): create no. of checkboxes in a group
Ex: Hobbies sports music reading
Methods:
1. getLabel() : returns the label associated with the corresponding checkbox
2. setLabel(String str) :assigning a name to the checkbox
3. getState() : returns the state of the checkbox i.e., true / false (false, if it is unchecked)
4. setState(boolean) : sets the state to the corresponding checkbox
After this adding these components to container by add()
i.e., add(c1); add(c2); add(c3);
Program:
import java.awt.*;
public class CheckboxDemo
{
CheckboxDemo()
{
Frame f = new Frame("Checkbox Example");
Checkbox checkbox1 = new Checkbox("C++");
checkbox1.setBounds(100, 100, 50, 50);
Checkbox checkbox2 = new Checkbox("Java", true);
checkbox2.setBounds(100, 150, 50, 50);
f.add(checkbox1);
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RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE OOP THROUGH JAVA
f.add(checkbox2);
f.setSize(400,400);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main (String args[])
{
new CheckboxDemo();
}
}
Output
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