Program A uth 아s Dr. D o ro th y J. T.

Term an
Science C 니rr ic 니I니m D e ve lo p m e n t C o nsu ltant
Dr. J a y K. H ackett F o rm e r K-12 Science and M athe m atics C o o rd in a to r
P rofessor E m eritu s o f Earth Sciences Irvine U n ified School D istrict, CA
U n ive rsity o f N o rth e rn C o lora do
Irvine, CA
Greeley, CO
Dr. G erald F. W h e e le r
Dr. R ich a rd H. Moyer E xecutive D ire c to r
P rofessor o f Science Ed 니ca tio n and
N ational Science Teachers A sso cia tio n
N a t 니ral Sciences
U n ive rsity o f M ic h ig a n -D e a rb o rn B an k S tre e t C o lle g e of E d u catio n
D earborn, Ml N ew York, NY

Dr. J o A n n e V a sq u e z
E le m e n ta ry Science E du ca tio n C o nsu ltant Contributing Authors
NSTA Past P resident Dr. S a lly R id e
Mem ber, N a tio n a l Science Board Sally Ride Science
a nd N ASA E du ca tio n Board San Diego, CA

M ulugheta Teferi, M.A. L u cille V ille g a s B a rre ra ，

M .Ed.
P rincipal, G atew ay M id dle School E le m en ta ry Science S up ervisor
C e nter o f M ath, Science, and T echn ology H ouston In d e p e n d e n t School D is tric t
St. Louis P ub lic S chools H ouston, TX
St. Louis, MO
A m e rica n Museum A m e r ic a n
M u seu m s
D inah Z ik e, M .Ed. of Natural H istory Natu ra l
Dinah M ig h t A d v e n tu re s LP New York, NY H is t o r y

San A n to n io , TX

K ath ryn LeR o y, M.S. Contributing Writer

C h ie f O ffic e r E lle n C. G ra ce , M.S.
C u rricu lu m Services C o nsu ltant
Duval C o u n ty Schools, FL A lb 니q u e rq 니e，NM

R F B & D ^ S tu d e n nts
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Science A C loser Look Grade 2 U nit E

English A d a p ta tio n 2011

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Content Consultants Editorial Advisory Board
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A m e r ic a n The A m e ric a n M useum o f N atural H is to ry in N ew Y ork C ity is o n e o f th e w o rld 's p re e m in e n t s c ie n tific , e d u c a tio n a l, and
M u seu m s c u ltu ra l in s titu tio n s , w ith a g lo b a l m ission to e x p lo re a n d in te rp re t h u m a n c u ltu re s a n d th e n a tura l w o rld th ro u g h s c ie n tific
Na t u r a l
H is t o r y © research, e d u c a tio n , and e x h ib itio n s . Each yea r th e M useum w e lc o m e s a ro u n d 4 m illio n vis ito rs , in c lu d in g 5 0 0 ,0 0 0
s c h o o lc h ild re n in org a n iz e d fie ld trip s . It p ro vid e s p ro fe ssio n a l d e v e lo p m e n t a c tiv itie s fo r th o u s a n d s o f te a ch e rs; h u n d re d s
o f p u b lic p ro g ra m s th a t serve a u dience s ra nging fro m p re s ch o o le rs to seniors; and an a rra y o f le a rn in g and te a c h in g re source s fo r use in
hom es, schools, and c o m m 니n ity -b a s e d settin gs. V is it w w w .a m n h .o rg fo r o n lin e resources.
u n it e Matter
U nit L ite ra tu re Popcorn H o p ..........................................................290
CHAPTER 9
L o o kin g a t M a t t e r ...................................................292
Lesso n I Describing Mat1"er.............................................................294
Lesso n 2 S o lid s .........................................................................................300
Reading in Science..........................................................306
Le sso n 3 Liquids and G a s e s .............................................................308
• W riting in Science • Math in S c ie n c e 3 14
I Read to Review : M atter All A ro u n d ............................................ 3 I6
Chapter 9 Review and Test P re p aratio n ...................................... 320

CHAPTER 10
C hanges in M a t t e r ............................................. 322
Lesso n I M atter C h a n g e s ............................................................... 324
Le sso n 2 Changes of S ta te ................................................................330
⑥ Reading in S c ie n c e ..........................................................336
Lesso n 3 M ixtures................................................................................... 338
• W riting in Science • Math in S c ie n c e 346
I Read to Review : How Things C h a n g e ...................................... 3 나8
C hapter 10 Review and Test P re p a ra tio n ................................... 352
Careers in S c ie n c e .....................................................................354
 Literature
I

Poem
,

b by Stephanie Calmenson

9oPmm如
^

A 농나
t?

> vt
Put your popcorn
in a pot.
Wait till it gets
really hot.

When you start to

feel the heat,
Listen for the
popcorn beat:

Pop-pop-POP-pop
pop-pop-POP!
Come and do the
popcorn hop!

Talk About It
W h a t m ade th e pop corn
change? 囊 !
L o o K ij^
.... 属

설k£^발
What are different
@ types of matter?
Essential Questions

Lesson I
How can you describe
matter?
Lesson 2
What are the properties of
a solid?
Lesson 3
What are the properties of
liquids and gases?

빼 ! n
률/ 룰를!확^^^^」

선 !▲ ! i
X ^
 Big Idea Vocabulary
mass the a m o u n t o f
m a tte r in an o b je ct
(page 296)

solid m a tte r th a t has

a shape o f its ow n
(page 302)

liquid m a tte r th a t
takes the shape o f
the co n ta ine r it is in
(page 310)

gas m a tte r th a t
spreads to fill the
space it is in (page 312)

V is it www.macmillanmh.com fo r o n lin e re s o u rc e s .
H ow are th e th in g s you see in this
p ic tu re alike and d iffe re n t?
W hat to Do
◎ O bserve. Look a t each cracker.
T h in k a b o u t th e d iffe re n t w ays
you can describe th e crackers.
W h a t w o rd s can help you
describe each one?
Record D ata. M ake a c h a rt
like th e one show n. W rite y o u r
o b se rva tio n s on y o u r ch a rt.
C lassify. Use y o u r c h a rt to h elp
you so rt th e crackers. 써^ T
Read Together What is matter?
and Learn
M a tte r is a n y th in g t h a t ta k e s u p
►Essential Question space a n d has mass. M ass is th e
How can you describe a m o u n t o f m a tte r in an o b je c t. T he
matter? w a te r y o u d rin k is m a tte r. T he a ir

Vocabulary y o u b re a th e is m a tte r. M a tte r ca n

matter be n a tu ra l o r m a d e by p e o p le . W e
mass use m a tte r e ve ry day.
property

Using M atter )

'척
m변m

EXPLAIN
 D iffe r e n t o b je c ts h a ve d if fe r e n t
a m o u n ts o f mass. A tr u c k has a lo t o f
mass. A p e n c il has a lit t le mass. Does a
b o o k ha ve m o re mass th a n a flo w e r? Yes!
A b o o k fe e ls h e a v ie r if y o u t r y t o p ic k it
up. W e ca n use a b a la n c e to m e a s u re
a n d c o m p a re mass.

The larger shoe has

more m ass than the
sm aller shoe. ►

Sometimes a sm aller
object can have more
m ass than a larger
object. ►

What are some examples of matter

found in your desk?
297
E X P L A IN
 What are properties?
You ca n d e s c rib e m a tte r by
ta lk in g a b o u t its p ro p e rtie s . A
p r o p e r t y is h o w m a tte r lo o ks,
Classify six objects
fe e ls, sm ells, ta ste s, o r sounds.
in your desk by th e ir
M a tte r c a n fe e l s m o o th ,
shape. Then sort
ro u g h , s o ft, o r h a rd . M a tte r
them by th e ir size.
c a n be th ic k o r th in . M a tte r
c a n be liv in g o r n o n liv in g .

Real
T oucan
B ir d

car) fiy

298
E X P L A IN
 T h e re a re m a n y w a y s t o ta lk a b o u t
m a tte r. M a tte r c a n be so lid , liq u id , o r ga s.

o What are the properties of the things

in the room around you?

제 This mustard is
thick and gooey.

This skunk is
very smelly!

Thinkr Talkr and Write

1. Compare and Contrast. Choose tw o objects.
Make a list to com pare th e ir properties.

2. W h a t is matter?

/ 3. Essential Question. How can you describe

matter?

Art Lmk
Use d iffe re n t types o f m a tte r to make
a collage.

-R eview S 니 m m a rie s a n d q u iz z e s o n lin e a t w w w .m a c m illa n m h .c o m

299
EV A LU A T E
What are the properties You need
of these solids?
W hat to Do
o O bserve. Look a t each spoon.
W h a t are th e p ro p e rtie s o f
each? spoons

o P redict. W h ich spoons w ill

flo a t in w ater? W h ich w ill sink?
Try it out.
tub of w a te r
€ > Record D ata. M ake a c h a rt
to list w h a t you observe.

Explore M ore 1^ 30
o P redict. H ow w ill y o u r
list change if you use
d iffe re n t objects? H ow
can you fin d out?

EX P LO R E
 What is a solid?
W h a t k in d o f m a tte r d o y o u
투 Essential Question see a ro u n d you? A s o lid is a k in d
What are the properties o f m a tte r t h a t has a sh a p e o f its
of a solid? o w n . 니ke a ll m a tte r, solids have
V ocabulary p ro p e rtie s . Som e solids b e n d .
solid O th e rs te a r. Som e solids f lo a t in
w a te r. O th e r solids sink.

Some Properties of Solids

yarn

• smooth • soft
• breakable • colorful
• clear • long and thin

all solids are hard.

302
EXPLAIN
 Solids a re m a d e o f d if fe r e n t
m a te ria ls . Som e m e ta ls, w o o d s ,
a n d p la s tic s a re h a rd . M a te ria ls
ca n be s m o o th o r ro u g h w h e n
yo u to u c h th e m . The c h a r t
b e lo w sh o w s th e p ro p e rtie s
o f som e solids.

ᆻ What are some solids

you use every day?

■혁|ᄒ 气 - ■와

」시r - '

■ 摩 .시 -參
*- 책비 ..'二■시 ' .
^0,

- ...

toy sea sponge ■clay

• blue yellow • sticky

• pointy soft • bendable
• plastic scratchy • firm

EXPLAIN
How can we measure solids?
W e c a n use to o ls to m e a su re 땅Quicfc Lab
solids. A ru le r te lls h o w lo n g , w id e , Measure the mass
o r h ig h a s o lid is. Som e ru le rs o f things in your
m e a s u re le n g th in a u n it c a lle d a classroom w ith a
c e n tim e te r. O th e r ru le rs m e a su re in balance.
a u n it c a lle d a n in ch . M a n y ru le rs
g iv e b o th m e a s u re m e n ts .

A b a la n c e te lls h o w m u c h mass
s o m e th in g has. You c a n m e a su re
th e sam e o b je c t in d if fe r e n t w a ys.
You c a n m e a su re th e mass a n d th e
le n g th o f a p ie c e o f c h a lk .
Read a Photo

W h a t w ill ha p pe n to th e
Measuring S o iid s J balance if you add one m ore
pencil to th e le ft side?

癒 Science in Motion See h o w

a b a la n c e m e a s u re s m a tte r
a t www.macmillanmh.com
► The chalk is 10
centimeters, or
about 4 inches, Hirpwprpmprpmpr|
long.
CM 1 2 3 T [m {flll|tlll|l||||l||||m i|in!|lill|!ll!|l||!|!IH|||||||||||!H!{
16 17 18 19 20 21 3*2

iiiiin liiiliiilin liiiliiiliiitiu liiih iiiiiitiiiliiiliiiliiitiiiiiiiliiiiiiiliiiiiiiliiiiiiiliiiiiiiliiiiiiiliiiiitilin iiH lH iin ,!,!,!,!

M easure the distance

around the chalk with u ᅳ . ᅳ
빼
®I투빼빼 -

string.

► Then m easure the

string with a ruler.
liitiiiiih lilililiiilililililitilih lilH ilitittiilililiiililtfiiiliiiliiiliiif iiiliiih iiliiiliiiliiiliiiliiih iiliiiliiitiiiliiiliiiliiilitifiii

What tools can we use to measure solids?

Thinkr Talkr and Write

1. Summarize. W hat are some examples o f
solid matter?

2. How can you measure a solid?

, 3. Essential Question. W h a t are th e properties

o f a solid?

A rt itnk
Find solids around the classroom. Make a piece
o f a rt showing some o f th e ir properties.

울들혁 ) - Review S u m m a rie s a n d q u iz z e s o n lin e a t www.macmillanmh.com

305
EVALUATE
- : 너 剩
^^AB|Reacling in

N a + u ra l o r

M a d e b y P e o p le ?

This chair is made o f w ood. W ood is a

natural product. I t comes from trees. People cut
dow n the trees. Then they shape the w ood w ith
tools to make the chair.
W o o d can be p ainted or stained. Under
th e p a in t, th e w o o d is still its o rig in a l color.

306
EXTEN D
 Scien ce, Technology, and S o cie ty

This cha ir is made o f plastic. Plastic

is made by people. People com bine
chem icals to create plastic. Then th e y
shape it in molds.
There are m any d iffe re n t kinds
o f plastic. Plastic can be hard or
bendable. People can also add a co lo r
to th e chem icals in plastic. The p la s tic
th e n becomes th a t color.
W hich solids in your classroom are
natural? W hich are made by people?

Sum marize. W h a t is th e d iffe re n ce

C o n n e ct to
betw een n a tu ra l solids and solids A m e r ic a n

made by people? M useum s

Natural
H is t o r y © 307
at www.macmillanmh.com EXTEN D
Lesson
Explore Inquiry A ctiv ity

What happens to water in You need

different shaped containers?
W hat to Do
Put co n ta in e rs on a tray.
M easure one cup o f w a te r w ith
th e m easuring cup. Pour th e measuring
cup
w a te r in to th e firs t co n ta in e r.
M a rk w h e re th e w a te r stops.
P redict. H ow high w ill th e same
a m o u n t o f w a te r be in th e o th e r
containers?
Pour one cup o f w a te r in to th e containers

n e xt co n ta ine r. M a rk w h e re th e
w a te r stops. R epeat fo r each
co n ta in e r.
D ra w C onclusions. W ere y o u r
p re d ictio n s correct? Explain.

Explore M ore
< 0 In fe r. W o u ld th e a c tiv ity
ch an ge if you used ju ic e
instead o f w ate r? W h y or
w h y not?
 What is a liquid?
A liq u id is a k in d o f
►Essential Question m a tte r t h a t ta ke s th e
What are the properties sh a p e o f th e c o n ta in e r it
of liquids and gases? is in. W ith o u t a c o n ta in e r,

►Vocabulary liq u id s f lo w a n d have

liquid n o shape.
volume A ll liq u id s h ave mass.
gas
니q u id s c a n be th in like
m ilk o r th ic k like hon ey.

container

Even in nature, liquid takes the shape

of the sp ace it is in. This waterfall flows
and fills the shape of the lake.

310
E X P L A IN
 ᄂ
T h* e a m o u n t o f space s o m e th in g 1/ ᄋo ᄋ

ta k e s u p is c a lle d v o lu m e . You ca n
m e a su re th e v o lu m e o f a liq u id w it h a
m e a s u rin g cu p . 니q u id s a re m e a s u re d
in m illilite rs o r o u n ces.

T he m e a s u rin g cu ps in th e p ic tu re
ca n h o ld th e sam e a m o u n t. O ne c u p
is h o ld in g a g re a te r v o lu m e o f liq u id
th a n th e o th e r.
o What are some properties
of liquids?

M easuring V o lu m e )

- i f r r 250ml

1 2 5 -------------
L->... . ...

늑 :P
〜 사 놔 방 네 ᅵ "■ᅵ
쪼

Read a Photo
L_» ^ u . |
Ca ei.C> Ck< H o w m a ny m illilite rs
o f liq u id are in each

/ >
X x co n ta in e r?

X
Q Q ^ ^ S o lid s and gases also have volume.
_ _ 3II
E X P L A IN
What is a gas?
A g as is a k in d o f m a tte r t h a t
spreads to f ill th e space it is in. T he
a ir w e b re a th e is m a d e o f m a n y
gases. O xyg e n is o n e o f th e gases
w e b re a th e .

W e c a n n o t see th e gases in th e air,

b u t th e y a re a ll a ro u n d us. W e ca n
te ll gases a re th e re w h e n th e y f ill a
b a llo o n o r a b e a ch b a ll. W e c a n fe e l
a ir m o v in g o n a w in d y day.

G ases have no
shape of their own.

；
i '저 ^^^
 R e m e m b e r t h a t a n y th in g
t h a t ta k e s u p space is m a tte r.
j^Quic/c lab
A ll m a tte r has mass. H o w ca n Fill containers w ith
yo u te ll t h a t a ir has mass? d iffe re n t kinds o f
L o o k a t th e p ic tu re . m atter. Have a p a rtn e r
classify the m a tte r as
solid, liquid, or gas.

The stick acts a s a

balance. The balloon
filled with air has more
m ass than the one
without air.

o What are some properties of a gas?

Thinkr Talkr and Write

w

1. Classify. List some o f the items in your

refrigerator. Sort them as solid, liquid, or gas.

2. How is a gas d iffe re n t from a liquid?

/ 3. Essential Question. W ha t are the properties o f

liquids and gases?

*
Health Link
Make a list o f liquids th a t are good fo r you.

-R eview S u m m a rie s a n d q u iz z e s o n lin e a t w w w .m a c m illa n m h .c o m

313
EV A LU A T E
Writing in Science

Fun with Water

This girl is having fu n in th e w a te r! How
do you enjoy w ater?
if

병
醫
뼈
m tm M

*
,,
臟
f3
^ 驗 s.:
霧

v
#
^ .豐 ;

활 푝 灰
霄
t
sj：
r ' .J
^ f

•F
,#-
④ s.

/'
爾
興

산
*

r» -v
.

f:
.

j.

t：
；
r ■
, Write About It Remember
D etails help yo u r
Think o f tim es th a t you have had
re a d e r k n o w w h a t
fu n in w ater. D raw and w rite
h a p p e n e d an d h o w
a b o u t w h a t you did. Remember to
you fe lt.
add details to your story.

-Journal W rite a b o u t it o n lin e a t w w w .m acm illanm h.com

31나
EXTEN D
Hath in Science

Which Has More Volume?

M a tt p u t ju ic e in tw o m easuring cups.
W h a t can you te ll a b o u t th e tw o cups
o f juice? W hich has more volume?

H250 <250
225 V-
H200 175^-
4 200

•A 150 -4150
125 ►-
에100
A SO

Write a Number Sentence

Cup A has 200 m illiliters (mL) o f
Rem em ber
T h in k a b o u t
、
juice . Cup B has I00 mL o f juice . w h ic h o p e ra tio n
How m any more mL are in Cup A? to ch o o se .

W rite a num ber sentence to show

how you fo u n d th e answer.
 M atter is all around
you. The clothes you
w ear and the w ater you
drink are matter. Even
the air you breathe is
matter. M atter can be
solid, liquid, or gas.

지':
A

316
 A solid has a size and a shape.
You can talk about its feel and
color. Sometimes you can talk
about its sound, smell, or taste.
317
 니quids take the shape
of the container they are
in. When a liquid spills, it
has no shape of its own.
This girl is gliding on the
flowing water.
 Gases fill the spaces they
are in. Air fills up these rafts. The
rafts float on the water. Look at
the m atter you see all around you!

319
 Vocabulary
(JDOKJJ
Use each w o rd once fo r item s 1-6.
gas
I. Everything th a t takes up space liquid
and has mass is called
mass
2 . The a m o u n t o f m a tte r in
m a tte r
som ething is c a lle d _____
solid
3. Some m a tte r can n o t always be
volum e
seen. It spreads to fill th e space
it is in and is called a __________

나
.M a tte r th a t has a shape o f
its ow n is called a _________

5. M a tte r th a t flo w s and takes

th e shape o f th e co n ta in e r
it is in is called a __________

6 . The b o ttle on th e rig h t

can hold a la rg e r_______
o f w a te r th a n th e b o ttle
on th e left.

320 —G l o s s a r y W o rd s a n d d e fin itio n s o n lin e a t w w w .m a cm illan m h .co m

 Science Skills and Ideas ____________________________ __ ______ _______

CdOK2j

A nsw er th e questions below .

Record Data. How are th e tw o balls alike

and d iffe re n t? W hich ball has m ore mass?

8 . Summarize, W h a t tools can you use

to measure m a tte r in d iffe re n t ways?

W h a t typ e o f m a tte r has

fille d this balloon?

10. W h a t are d iffe re n t types o f

m atter?

^ 빠 - RevI0 W S 니 m m a rie s a n d q u iz z e s o n lin e a t w w w .m a c m illa n m h .c o m

 P e rfo rm a n c e A sse ssm e n t
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |r p O K 3 ^ ᅳ ᅭ _ ᅭ 쓰 ᅳ ᅭ

Matter oi Fact OarAs

H ow do w e measure d iffe re n t form s
o f m atter?

► W rite th e name o f each typ e o f m atter,

one on each sheet o f card stock paper.

► Draw an exam ple o f each fo rm o f

m a tte r on th e fro n t o f yo u r paper.

► On th e back, d ra w th e to o l you could

use to measure yo u r fo rm o f m a tte r
show n on th e fro n t.

► W rite a sentence te llin g w h a t you are

m easuring and h o w you w o u ld do it.

32IA
D Look a t th e ch a rt.

W h ich phrase belongs in

th e to p circle?

A Things we can n o t se e
B Types o f properties
C Things th a t flo w
D Types o f m atter
DOK I

W h ich o f these describes b o th a solid and a gas?

A I t spreads to fill the container it is in.

B You can measure it.
C You can bend it, fo ld it, or te a r it.
D I t can be rough or sm ooth w hen you touch it.
DOK 2

Look a t th e p ictu re s b e lo w .

balance ruler measuring cup scale

W h ich to o l measures volum e?

A a balance
B a ruler
C a measuring cup
D a scale
32IB
How can
matter change?
j Big Idea Vocabulary
physical change
a change in the size
or shape o f m a tte r
(page 326)

chem ical change

w hen m a tte r
changes in to
d iffe re n t m a tte r
(page 328)

m ix tu re tw o or
more things mixed
to g e th e r th a t keep
th e ir ow n properties
(page 340)

so lu tio n a kind o f
m ixture w ith parts
th a t do n o t easily
Separate (page 343)

Visit www.macmillanmh.com fo r online resources.

 ^ 鑛 巍 4
W h a t m a tte r is being cha n g e d here?
Explore Inquiry A ctiv ity

How can clay be changed? You need

W hat to Do
M easure. Find tw o pieces o f clay
th a t are th e same mass. Use a
b ala nce to show th e y are equal.
Squeeze and shape one piece modeling
o f clay in to a ball. Describe its clay

p ro pe rtie s.
상!활

^ P redict. Do you th in k th e mass

o f th e clay cha n ge d a fte r it w as
balance
m ade in to a ball? Place it back
on th e balance to fin d out.
Be C a re fu l! C ut th e clay ball plastic knife
in to tw o halves w ith a p lastic
knife . M ake th e tw o pieces
in to tw o figures.
@ D ra w C onclusions. H ow
did you ch ange th e clay?

Explore M ore
O In v e s tig a te . W h a t o th e r
w ays can you ch a n g e clay?
W ill th e mass change?

EXPLORE
M '
 What are physical changes?
Matter can change in different
ways. You can change the size or
►Essential Question shape of matter. This is called a
What changes matter? physical change.
►Vocabulary When you cut, bend, fold, or
physical change
tear matter, you cause a physical
chemical change
change. You can change the
shape or size of paper by cutting
or folding it. It is still paper.

Folding and writing

on paper are
physical changes.

When you only change the

shape of matter, its m ass
stays the sam e. ▼

326 r 뼈
E X P L A IN
 Sometimes, the temperature
of matter changes. On a cold
day, water can change
to ice. This is a physical
change.
Wetting and drying can
be physical changes too.
Wet mud looks and feels
different from dry mud. ▲ The w ater on this branch
has changed to ice.
What is a physical change you
could make to juice?

The color of dry mud is different from

the color of wet mud. Mud feels squishy
when it is wet and hard when it is dry.

EXPLAIN
 What are chemical changes?
Sometimes the properties of
，
슛 Vidb
matter can change. This is called Observe a slice o f
apple. In fe r w h a t
a chemical change. When matter
causes the apple
goes through a chemical change,
to go th ro u gh a
it is not easy to change it back. It
chemical change.
becomes a new kind of matter with
different properties.
When you burn paper, you can
not change it back. Seeing light
and feeling heat are clues that a
chemical change may be happening.
cxI
All matter does not change in the
same way.

Chem ical Changes \

Before After Cause

參 Heat causes the matchstick
to burn. The properties of the
matchstick have changed.

Water and air can cause metal

to rust. Rusting is a chem ical
change that happens slowly.

Water and air do not change

the properties of plastic.

Read a Chart J-

H ow did th e m etal nail change?

328
EXPLAIN
Heat causes the egg to go
through a chem ical change
you can see and smell.

o How can you tell if a chemical

change has happened?

Thinkr Talkr and Write

1. Problem and Solution. Describe how you
could keep a bicycle from rusting.

2. W hat are three examples o f physical changes?

3. Essential Question. W h a t changes m atter?

Math Lmk
Does the mass o f an object change w hen you
fo ld the object? How could you fin d out?

4 ^^-R e vie w S u m m a rie s a n d q u iz z e s o n lin e a t www.macmillanmh.com

329
EVALUATE
V olcanoes are so h o t th a t rocks
can m e lt and flo w like a liquid.
H o w else can heat ch a n g e things?
 청^ 텔 8 歎
M >^ — Bfe:.
Explore Inquiry A ctiv ity

How can heat You need

change matter?
W hat to Do
O P redict. W h a t do you th in k
w ill h appen to b u tte r and
c h o c o la te in sunlight?
O bserve. Place th e b u tte r
and c h o c o la te on tw o plates.
D raw h o w th e y look.
P redict. H ow w ill th e Sun's
h e a t cha n ge each th in g ?
Find a sunny spot. Leave th e
plates in th e sunlight.
O C o m m u n ic a te . W h a t
happens to each th in g
a fte r one hour? D raw
h o w th e y look. Com pare
y o u r pictures.

Explore M ore
N ow tr y a n o th e r item .
H ow w ill it change?

EXPLO RE
 How can heating change
matter?
►Essential Question Have you ever left a bar of
How does temperature chocolate in your pocket in
affect matter? summer? When you reached
►Vocabulary in to get it, it was probably
evaporate melting.
condense
Melting is a change from
a solid to a liquid. Some
solids, such as gold and glass,
will only melt when they are
very hot. Other solids, such as ice
and butter, melt at much lower
temperatures.

< When gold melts,

you can pour it
into molds. As the
gold cools, it will
harden.

332
E X P L A IN
 Solid ice cubes Water can change to a gas when it
melt when is heated. Evaporate means to change
left at room
temperature.
from liquid to gas and go into the air.
If enough heat is added to water, it
will boil. When water boils, you can see
bubbles. The bubbles show that the
water is changing to a gas called w ater
vapor. We can not see water vapor.

Adding Heat to Ice )

ice w ater w ater vapor

Adding heat to ice^ ^ m akes ice turn to a liq u id ^ and then to a g as

Read a Diagram ^

How does ice chancje when it is heated?

f^ ^ ^ S c ie n c e in Motion Watcf i w h a t h a p p e n s w h e n
h e a t m e lts ice a t www.m a c m illa n m h .c o m

o How can heat change solids?

EXPLAIN
How can cooling .
-
■r
稱 .
* v w . . -V

change matter?
Matter can also change by .二:
• ■

cooling, or taking away heat. Gases

condense when they are cooled.
Condense means to change from a
gas to a liquid.
Water vapor in the air condenses
when it touches cool objects. This
is why you see small drops of water
on the outside of a cold glass.
W ater vapor
condenses on the
outside of a bottle.
 When liquids cool, they can lab
freeze, or become solid. Wax
Classify pictures o f
and some other liquids will
w a te r fro m magazines
freeze at room temperature.
as solid, liquid, or gas.
Other liquids, such as water,
need to be much colder to
freeze.

How does water change

when it is cooled?

After a candle burns,

the wax will cool and
become solid. ►

I. Predict. W hat w ill happen to a puddle o f

w a te r on a sunny day?

2. W h a t happens w hen w a te r vapor condenses?

, 3. Essential Question. How does tem p eratu re

a ffe c t matter?

Math Link
Do you th in k the mass o f ice changes
when it melts? How could you fin d out?

Review S u m m a rie s a n d q u iz z e s o n lin e a t w w w .m a c m illa n m h .c o

EVALUATE
M flB|Reading in Science

Colorfu Creat ons

There are all kinds o f colors inside your crayon box
H ow w ere those crayons made?
 Scien ce, Technology, and S o cie ty

This m achine packs

the crayons into boxes.

This woman checks the

crayons by hand to make
; sure they are good.
◎ ip

피 ^
Talk About It
Predict. W h a t w ill happen
if th e m ixtu re o f w ax is le ft
o u t a t room tem perature? C o n n e c t to

t j A m e r ic a n
M useums
N atural
H is t o r y

a t www.macmillanmh.com EXTEN D
W h a t does a m ix tu re o f sand and
w a te r fe el like? H ow is it d iffe re n t
fro m d ry sand?
W hat to Do
( 0 M easure. A d d i cup salt
to one cup o f w ate r.
W h a t happens?
1 0 M easure. A d d >r cup sand
to a n o th e r cup o f w a te r.
Does th e sand change?
C om pare. STir boTh
m ixtures w ith a spoon.
Let th e m sit. W h a t
happens? H ow are th e
m ixtures d iffe re n t fro m
each other?

E X P LO R E
 What are mixtures?
When you put salt into water, you
make a mixture. A mixture is two or
►Essential Question
How can you make
more things put together. Mixtures
mixtures? can be any combination of solids,
liquids, and gases.
►Vocabulary
mixture When you glue different things
solution to paper, you make a mixture.
dissolve When you put pieces of clay
together, you also make a mixture.

Papier m ache is a
mixture of flour, water,
and newspaper. 看

翁
옹 f
X
.^

3
\
푝

.rc

You can cover items

with papier m ache
to make things.

340
EXPLAIN
 Sometimes when you mix things
together, it is easy to pick them apart
again. You can see the different parts
of the mixture. The things in the
mixture do not chanqe.

^0 What kinds of matter can be

used to make a mixture?
3m
EXPLAIN
Which mixtures stay mixed?
Sometimes when you mix things, it is
not easy to change them back. When
you make a shake or a smoothie, you
mix different foods together. It is hard
to take apart after it has been blended

Making a Smoothie J

Read a Photo
Which mixture is harder to take apart?

EXPLAIN
 A solution is a mixture that
is hard to take apart. Sugar
and water make a solution.
Sugar will dissolve, or stay
evenly mixed in the water.
Sand and water can be
mixed, but they do not make
a solution. The sand does not
stay mixed and sinks to the
bottom of the glass.

The soapy water is a solution.

The dishes are a mixture.

How is a solution a special kind of mixture?

3냐3
E X P L A IN
 How can you take
mixtures apart? 방 l« c ib
Have you ever picked the pretzels
Investigate how
out of a snack mix? You were evaporation
taking apart a mixture. Some helps take a
mixtures are harder to take apart. mixture apart.
Filters are screens that trap
solids but let liquids flow through.
Magnets can also help take some
mixtures apart. They can be used
to separate iron from a mixture.

A m agnet can help

take apart a mixture of
sand and iron filings.

A filter can help take

ap art a mixture of sand ^
and water.

344
 Some mixtures can be even
harder to take apart. Evaporation
can be used to take a solution
of salt water apart. If you leave
salt water out to dry, the water
evaporates. The salt is left behind.

W ater has evaporated

How do filters help from the ocean and
separate mixtures? left salt here.

Th in k r Ta lk r and Write
1. Main Idea and Details. Describe
different things mix with water.
2. How can you take apart a solution of salt
and water?
/ 3. Essential Question. How can you make
mixtures?

Health Link
What foods are mixtures? Look for food
mixtures in books, magazines, or at the
grocery store. Make a list.

용- Review S u m m a rie s a n d q u iz z e s o n lin e a t w w w .m a c m illa n m h .c o m

345
EVALUATE
Writing in Science

Writing a Recipe
A recipe is a set of T r ^ ilM /x
directions for making R e c ip e
something. The steps
are explained in order.
A recipe can tell you
^CUP peanuts oS
how to make a mixture
士 cup raisins
by adding things 1 ^ocolafechips 어스
together.
? cvp sunflower ^eds ^

/ Write About It Remember ^

You can write a recipe! W h e n you w rite
Explain how you would use some to e x p la in , you
of the fruit here to make a fruit tell h o w to do
salad. Tell why it is a mixture. so m e th in g . You
w rite th e steps in
order.

- jo u rn a l W rite a b o u t it o n lin e a t w w w .m acm illanm h.com

3나 6
EXTEND
Hath in Science
- - ............. .....................in n II.]-
y

Muffin Math
Maria and her dad are making muffins. They
want to know how much flour they need to buy.

ip：
y l o u r

NETWT5LB(2.26mg)

Solve a Problem Remember 거

The recipe says they will need 2 cups R ead c a re fu lly

of flour to make 12 muffins. to k n o w w h a t

in fo rm a tio n you
Maria and her dad want to make
n e e d . You c a n
24 muffins. How much flour will
d ra w a ske tch to
they need?
h e lp you so lve th e
p ro b le m .

익 " ,

^ 저
347
EXTEND
 How
Things
Change

All around me, m atter changes.

Cutting is a physical change. Even
though there are more pieces, this
is still an apple. Physical changes
do not change w hat something is.
__________________ r 거一 ^ ________________
 All around me, m atter changes.
Batter cooks in the oven and
becomes a m uffin. This is a
chemical change. The batter has
new properties now.

349
w '- '

청 m
grw顯*爾
요^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 탈^

' Jd f

All around me, matter

changes. I can make a
mixture of chocolate
powder and milk. The
chocolate milk stays mixed.
It is a solution.
 All around me,
m atter changes. I can
freeze juice. When
something freezes, it
changes to a solid.
 Vocabulary
\D O K IJ

Use each te rm once fo r item s 1-6.

chem ical change
1. When wood burns, there is condense
a __________
evaporate
2. Water in the air can__________
m ixture
or change into a liquid.
physical change
3. Sugar and water form a mixture solution
that will stay mixed. It is called
a __________

Lk Fruit salad is a kind o f__________

5. Tearing paper is a __________

6 . After the snowman melts,

the liquid water will turn into a
gas, o r__________

Glossary W o rd s a n d d e fin itio n s o n lin e a t w.macmiUaj

 Science Skills and Ideas
Took 2}

A n sw er th e questions below .

C om m unicate.Which photo shows a

physical change? Which shows a chemical
change? What are some other examples of
each kind of change?

8 . Predict. What will happen if ice is heated

at a high temperature for a long time?

9. Describe how a solution of sugar and

water is different from a mixture of sand
and water.

10. How can matter change?

S 니 m m a rie s a n d q u iz z e s o n lin e a t w w w .m a c m illa n m h .c o m 353

 P e rfo rm a n c e A sse ssm e n t
一 ^ 一 ^ D Q K 3J

Matter Changes
What are ways matter changes?
► Fold a sheet o f paper in half.

► On one side w rite th e w ords

Physical Changes. On th e
other side write the words
Chemical Changes. Physical Change

► Draw a t least th re e examples

of each type of change.

► W rite a sentence beneath each

of your pictures to explain the
change you drew.

Chem ical Change

353A
T e st P re p a ra tio n

W h ich o f these can change m a tte r in to

d iffe re n t m a tte r?

A fo ld in g
B tearing
C bending
D burning
DOK I

B Look a t th e p ictu re .

W h a t is th e fir s t th in g th a t
w ill happen if th is is le ft a t
room te m p e ra tu re ?

A The w a te r w ill evaporate.

B The ice w ill melt.
C The w a te r vapor w ill
condense.
D The w a te r w ill freeze.
DOK 2

W h ich item is a so lu tio n ?

A a fr u it salad
B a chicken taco
C a peanut butter and jelly sandwich
D a m ilk shake
DOK I

353B
Food Chemist
Would you like to make your
own cereal or flavor of juice?
You could become a food
chemist. Food chemists explore
ways to make new and more
delicious foods.
Food chemists learn how
to make yogurt smooth. They
find out how to keep cereal
crunchy. They might find a way
to freeze vegetables so they taste
fresher. Food chemists have to
understand the science of how
food products are made.

More Careers to Think About

"Careers at www.macmillanmh.com
354
 선^

Memo
 .
^
I

Its
olor
s
als.
Contents — —— --------------------------------

PH YSIC A L SCIENCE
Unit E L ite ra tu re........................................................................................................161
Chapter 9 L o o k in g at Matter
C h a p te r C o n c e p t M a p ........................................................................................... 162
Lesson 1 L e s s o n O 니t l i n e ......................................................................................163
L e s s o n V o c a b 니 l a r y ............................................................................ 165
L e s s o n C lo z e A c t i v i t y ....................................................................... 166
Lesson 2 L e s s o n O 니 t l i n e ......................................................................................167
L e s s o n V o c a b 니 l a r y ............................................................................ 169
L e s s o n C lo z e A c t i v i t y ........................................................................170
R e a d in g in S c ie n c e ............................................................................ 171
Lesson 3 L e s s o n O 니 t l i n e ...................................................................................... 173
L e s s o n V o c a b u la r y .............................................................................175
L e s s o n C lo z e A c t i v i t y ........................................................................176
W r itin g in S c ie n c e ...............................................................................177
C h a p t e r V o c a b u l a r y ............................................................................................. 179

C h a p t e r 10 C h a n g e s in Matter
C h a p t e r C o n c e p t M a p ...........................................................................................181
Lesson 1 L e s s o n O u t l i n e ......................................................................................182
L e s s o n V o c a b u la r y ............................................................................184
L e s s o n C lo z e A c t i v i t y ....................................................................... 185
Lesson 2 L e s s o n O 니 t l i n e ..................................................................................... 186
L e s s o n V o c a b u la r y ............................................................................ 188
L e s s o n C lo z e A c t i v i t y ....................................................................... 189
R e a d in g in S c ie n c e ............................................................................1 90
Lesson 3 L e s s o n O 니 t l i n e ..................................................................................... 192
L e s s o n V o c a b 니 l a r y ............................................................................194
L e sso n C lo z e A c t i v i t y ....................................................................... 195
W r itin g in S c ie n c e .............................................................................. 196
C h a p te r V o c a b u l a r y ............................................................................................. 198
Name Date U N IT
Lite ratu re

Popcorn Hop
by Stephanie Calmenson

R ead the Unit Literature p a g e s in yo ur book.

/ Write About It

Response to Literature
I . What makes the popcorn hop?

2. How do you think popcorn got its name?

3. How do living things use heat?

Unit E • Matter
Reading and Writing 161
CHAPTER Nam e__________________________________ Date___
Concept Hap

Looking at Matter
Fill in the im portant id e a s a s you read the chap ter. Write
three fa c ts about the properties of e a c h kind of matter.

Matter is ____________________________________________

What Are the Properties of Matter?

Solid Liquid Gas

1. 1. 1.

2. 2. 2.

(
3. 3. 3.
=H-iJ9o2/coll!EOD^◎

I Chapter 9 • Looking at Matter

Reading and Writing
Name Date LESSON
Outline

Describing Matter
Use your book to help you fill in the blanks.

W h a t is m a tte r?

1. M atter is anything that takes up

________________ and has mass.

2. Some matter can b e ________________

by people.
3. An object's mass is the am ount o f _________
it has.
Objects can be made o f ________________
amounts of matter.
5. A ________________ is used to m easure and
compare mass.

H ow c a n y o u d e s c rib e m a tte r?

6. Matter can be described by talking about its

7. A ________________is how matter looks, feels,

smells, tastes, or sounds.

Chapter 9 • Looking at Matter Use with Lesson 1 ■

Reading and Writing Describing Matter
 LESSO N Date
Outline

8. D iffe re n t________________of m atter have

different properties.

9. M atter can b e ________________ or nonliving.

10. There a r e ________________ main kinds of

matter: solids, liquids, and gases.

C ritic a l T h in k in g
11. W hat are some ways that m atter can be
described? W hat do these ways tell you
about matter?

I zm Chapter 9 • Looking at Matter Use with Lesson 1

Reading and Writing Describing Matter
 Name Date LESSON
V o ca b u la ry

Describing Matter
W hat is the se c re t a n s w e r ? Fill in the m issin g w o rd s
and then fill in the a n s w e r by u sin g the c ircle d letters.

1. Matter can be — (그 ) __________ or thin.

2. Anything that takes up space and has mass is

c a lle d ( ^ ) __________.

3. Matter can be a _________ ( ^ ) _ , liquid,

or gas.

4. M atter can be natural or made by _ ( ^ ) _________

5. The am ount of m atter in an object is called _ ( ^ )

6 丽A ___________________ ( ^ ) — describes how

m atter looks, feels, smells, tastes, or sounds.

Q: W hat did the doctor say to the scientist?

A: W a s th m
IH H - M D J9 3 IA I/U D II!E 3 D l/\ ◎
l

Chapter 9 • Looking at Matter Use with Lesson 1

Reading and Writing Describing Matter 165
LESSO N Nam e__________________________________ Date
Cloze Activity

Describing Matter
Fill in the b la n k s. U se the w o rd s from the box.

balance feel gas matter smaller

describe flexible mass property

Matter is everywhere. Matter can be a solid, a

liquid, or a ________________ . Anything that takes up

space and h a s ________________ is matter. The

amount o f_________________ inan object is called mass.

A ________________ can be used to measure and

compare the mass of objects. Sometimes, a _________

object has more mass than a larger object.

It is possible t o ________________ matter by

talking about its properties. A ________________ is a

way matter looks, feels, smells, tastes, or sounds.
Matter can be soft or it can be hard. Matter can be
= !H - M D J9 o l/\ l/U D = E o D l/\ ◎

or stiff. It can a ls o ________________

rough, smooth, or wet. Some matter is even invisible!
l

■x # Chapter 9 • Looking at Matter Use with Lesson 1

Reading and Writing Describing Matter
 Nam e__________________________________ Date______________ LESSO N
Outline

Solids
U se yo ur book to help you fill in the b la n k s.

W h a t is a s o lid ?

1. A _ _ is one of three kinds of

matter.

2. Solids have a ________________ of their own.

3. Like all matter, different solids h a v e ___________

properties.

4. Solids can be made fr o m _________________like

wood, plastic, and metal.

5. They can feel smooth, rough, soft, or hard

when y o u ________________ them.

H ow c a n w e m e a su re s o lid s ?

6. M a n y ________________ can be used to m easure

solids.
= H - M D J 9 0 l / \ l / U D I I ! E o D 2◎

7. A ________________ can be used to m easure the

width, length, or height of an object.

C h a p te r 9 • L o o k in g a t M a tte r U s e w it h Lesson 2 i xy
R e a d in g a n d W r i t i n g S o lid s
 LESSO N Date
Outline

8. Rulers can be used to measure the lengths of

objects in ________________ or inches.

9. A ________________ is used to tell how much

mass som ething has.

10. To tell the difference between two objects, their

m easurem ents can b e ________________ ■

C ritic a l T h in k in g

11. W hat will happen to a balance if you put a

brick on one side and a feather on the oTher?
W hy?

■z q Chapter 9 • Looking at Matter Use with Lesson 2

Reading and Writing Solids
 Name Date LESSON
V o ca b u lary

Solids
C irc le the b est a n sw e r.

I. W hich solid is longer?

2. W hich solid has less mass?

3. W hich is softer?

4. W hich is smoother?
ll ! H - M D J o 3 2 / U D = E 3 D I / \ J©

Chapter 9 • Looking at Matter Use with Lesson 2

Reading and Writing Solids
169
LESSO N Name Date
Cloze Activity

Solids
Fill in the b la n k s. U se the w o rd s from the box.

balance inches materials properties sink

centimeters mass measure rough

A solid is a kind of matter that has its own

shape. Like all matter, different solids can be

made of different________________ . Solids get

th e ir________________from the materials they are

made from. Solids can fe e l________________ ，

smooth, hard, or soft. Some solids float in water.

O thers________________ in water.

You can use tools to solids. A

ruler measures the length, width, and height of a
solid. A ruler is used to measure lengths in units

called or in units called

= ! H - M D J 9 o 2 / U D I I ! E o D 2◎

The amount of matter in a solid is called

A tells how much mass a solid

has. Both methods of measurement can be used
to form a more complete picture of objects.

I Chapter 9 • Looking at Matter Use with Lesson 2

Reading and Writing Solids
Name Date R e a d in g
in Science

Natural 아 Made by People? g

R ea d the R ead ing in S c ie n c e p a g e s in yo ur book.
A s you read, pay attention to im portant id e a s.
S u m m a rize them in the ch a rt below . R em em b er, w hen
you su m m a rize, you retell the m o st im portant id e a s in
the se le ctio n .

S u m m a ry
How are natural solids and hum anm ade solids
the same and different?

Id e a #2 Id e a #3

Chapter 9 • Looking at Matter Use with Lesson 2 iy ■

Reading and Writing Solids f 1
 R eading Name Date
in Science y

--S

/ Write About It
Summarize. How is a plastic chair made? Use
the chart you made to write your answer.

I . W hat are som e plastic things in your

classroom ?

■y o Chapter 9 • Looking at Matter Use with Lesson 2

Reading and Writing Solids
Name Date LESSO N
Outline

Liquids and Gases

U se your book to help you fill in the b la n k s.

What is a liquid?
1. The opposite o f ________________ m atter is
solid matter.

2. Unlike most solids, a liquid can take the shape

of th e ________________ it is in.

3. You can measure th e ________________ of a

liquid by using a measuring cup.

4. Volum e is a measure of the am ount o f _______

som ething takes up.

What is a gas?
5. A __________ is like a liquid in m any ways.

6. A gas has no o f its own.

7. A bubble is liquid with inside it.

Chapter 9 • Looking at Matter Use with Lesson 3

Reading and Writing Liquids and Gases
173
 LESSO N Date
Outline

8. You c a n ________________ the volum e or the

mass of a gas.

9. T h e ________________ around us is made of

many gases.

10. You can feel these gases moving on a

________________ day.

11. W e need a gas c a lle d ________________ to

survive.

C ritic a l T h in k in g

12. W hat solids, liquids, and gases do you use

every day?

■y n Chapter 9 • Looking at Matter Use with Lesson 3

Reading and Writing Liquids and Gases
Name LESSON
Date
Y o eab u lary

Liquids and Gases

C la s s ify the w o rd s in the box b a se d on their state
of matter.

air glass juice oxygen water

apple ice milk pencil water vapor

S o lid s L iq u id s G ases

Chapter 2 • Looking at Matter Use with Lesson 3

Reading and Writing Liquids and Gases
LESSON Date
Cloze Activity

Liquids and Gases

Fill in the b la n k s. U se the w o rd s from the box.

air containers liquid plants three

!
breathe gas oxygen solid

We use matter every day. Our clothes, shoes,

breakfast, and even th e ________________ we

breathe are kinds of matter. There a re _________

kinds of matter. A ________________is a kind of

matter that has its own shape. A ______________

is a kind of matter that does not have a shape of

its own. A ________________is another kind of

matter that does not have its own shape.

Gases and liquids take the shapes of th e ______

they are in.

The air w e ________________ is made of many

gases. One of these gases in the air is called

________________ . Animals a n d _______________

need oxygen to live. We cannot see gases but
they are all around us.

■y z Chapter 9 • Looking at Matter Use with Lesson 3

Reading and Writing Liquids and Gases
Name Date W ritin g
in Seienee

Fun with Water

/ Write About It
This girl is having fun in the water!
Think of times that you have had
fun in water. Draw and write about
w hat you did.

Getting Id eas
Lo o k at the sta rfish . W rite W ater
in the center. In the a rm s, write
th in g s you do to h ave fun in
the w ater.

Planning and Organizing

Put th e se s e n te n c e s in tim e order.

I jum ped into the water.

I put on my bathing suit and packed som e toys.

My m other and I walked to the beach.

Chapter 9 • Looking at Matter Use with Lesson 3 iyy

Reading and Writing Liquids and Gases
 W ritin g Date
in Science 니 .; 시 ，
分

Drafting
Write a se n te n c e to begin your sto ry. U se I to write
about yo u rself.

Now write your sto ry on a se p a ra te p iece of paper.

Tell abo ut fun that you h av e had in the w ater. Tell
how the w ater m ade you feel.

Revising and Proofreading

J u lia w rote so m e se n te n c e s. S h e m ade five m ista k e s.
Find the m ista k e s. Then co rre ct them .

Lucy and i walked to the ocean for a swim. His

dad went with us. We jum ped in the weaves. The

water felt cool. We through a beach ball back

and forth. We floated on an alligator raft. We got

tired after about a hour and sat on our towels.

Now re v ise and proofread your writing. A sk yo u rself:

► Did I write about w hat I did in the water?

► Did I tell how I felt?
► Did I correct all mistakes?

I 7 8 Chapter 9 • Looking at Matter Use with Lesson 3

Reading and Writing Liquids and Gases
Name CHAPTER
Date
V o cab u lan r

Looking at Matter
Fill in the b la n k s. U se the w o rd s in the box.

balance matter solid

mass property volume

1. Anything that takes up space and has mass

is ________________ .

2. The am ount of m atter in an object is called

3. A _______________ can be used to m easure and

com pare mass.

4. The am ount of space som ething takes up is

c a lle d ________________.

5. A _______________ has a shape o f its own.

6. A _______________ is how m atter looks, feels,

smells, sounds, o 「tastes.

Chapter 9 • Looking at Matter

Reading and Writing 179
CHAPTER Name Date
V ocabulary

Write w hether e a c h fact d e s c rib e s a so lid , a liquid, or

a g a s.

I . This kind of matter has a shape of its own.

2. It can not be seen, but it is everywhere.

3. W ater is an example of this kind of matter.

Oxygen is an example of this kind of matter.

5. This can be made of plastic, metal, or wood.

6 . This kind of matter can be measured by using

a m easuring cup.

■q q Chapter 9 • Looking at Matter

Reading and Writing
Nam e___________________________________Date CHAPTER
, Concept Map

Changes in Matter
U s in g w h a t y o u h a v e le a rn e d fro m th e c h a p t e r , fill
in th e b la n k s to tell h o w m a tte r c a n c h a n g e .

Chapter 10 • Changes in Matter

Reading and Writing
181
 LESSO N Date
Outline

Matter Changes
U se yo u r book to help you fill in the b lan k s.

W h a t a re p h y s ic a l c h a n g e s ?

1. Physical changes cause a ________________

in matter.

2. A physical change takes place when the size or

shape o f ________________ changes.

3. T h e ________________ o f m atter stays the same if

its shape is changed.

W hen a piece of paper is folded or torn, a

________________ change is taking place.

5. A change in ________________ can be a physical

change, too.

6. W hen som ething g e ts ________________ or dries,

it may look and feel different, but it is only a
physical change.

Chapter 10 • Changes in Matter Use with Lesson 1

182 Reading and Writing Matter Changes
Name Date LESSO N
Outline

W h a t a re c h e m ic a l c h a n g e s ?

7. During a ________________ change, one kind of

matter changes into a different kind of matter.

8. W h e n ________________ goes through a

chem ical change, it may not be possible to
change it back.

9. W hen wood is ________________ in a fireplace, a

chemical change is taking place.

10. O b se rvin g ________________ and feeling

________________ and cold are clues that a

chem ical change may be occuring.

C ritic a l T h in k in g

11. Think about a piece of bread. How can you

make a physical change to the bread? How can
you make a chem ical change?

Chapter 10 • Changes in Matter Use with Lesson 1 ■q o

Reading and Writing Matter Changes
LESSON Name Date
V ocabulary

Matter Changes
Identify e a c h d escrip tio n a s a p h y sic a l ch a n g e or
a c h e m ic a l ch a n g e .
I ■ An iron screw rusts in the rain.

2. A piece of paper is folded.

3. A rock breaks down into soil.

4. W ater freezes and turns into ice.

5. A peach turns brown.

6. A ball gets wet.

7. A slice of cheese melts.

8. An egg is fried.

I on Chapter 10 • Changes in Matter Use with Lesson 1

Reading and Writing Matter Changes
Name Date LESSO N
Cloze A ctivity

Matter Changes
Fill in the b la n k s. U se the w o rd s from the box.

burns mass rusts

chemical change matter temperature
fold physical change

Matter changes every day. A ________________

takes place when the size or shape of matter changes

but not the type of matter. When y o u ________________

paper, you are making a physical change. When only the

shape of an object changes, its ________________ stays

the same. When th e ________________ of water changes,

it can freeze or boil. These are physical changes, too.

You can also make a ___________________ to

matter. A chemical change happens w h e n _____________

changes into a different kind of matter. When matter

________________, it can not change back to its

original form. When iro n _________________, it changes

color and feels different. These are chemical
changes at work.

Chapter 10 • Changes in Matter Use with Lesson 1 i q c

Reading and Writing Matter Changes
 LESSON Date
Outline

Changes of State
U se yo ur book to help you fill in the b lan k s.

H ow c a n h e a tin g c h a n g e m a tte r?

1. Heat can c h a n g e ________________ in different

ways.

2. W hen a solid gets e n o u g h ________________ ，

it melts.

3. W hen som ething melts, it changes from a

________________ to a liquid.

4. W hen heat is added to ice, it turns into

________________ water.

5. Different solids c a n ________________at different

tem peratures.

6. Some liq u id s ________________when they get

enough heat.

7. W hen a liquid boils, i t ________________，or

changes into a gas.

8. This gas is c a lle d ________________ .

Chapter 10 • Changes in Matter Use with Lesson 2

186 Reading and Writing Changes of State
 LESSON
Name Date
Outline

H ow c a n c o o lin g c h a n g e m a tte r?

9. W hen y o u ________________ matter, you take

heat away from it.

10. A gas c a n ________________ when it is cooled.

11. W hen a ________________ condenses, it changes

into a liquid.

12. W h e n ________________ lose enough heat,

they freeze.

13. W hen m a tte r_________________，it changes from

a liquid to a solid.

C ritic a l T h in k in g
14. Explain how you can make an ice cube change
from a solid to gas.

Chapter 10 • Changes in Matter Use with Lesson 2 ■o y

Reading and Writing Changes of State
LESSON
Date
V ocabulary

Changes of State
S o lv e the rid d les an d fill in the puzzle.
Down
1. I keep my shape when I ， m cool.
If it gets too warm, I melt.
2. You can add me or take me away to
change matter.
4. This happens when liquids get very cold.
6. W hen I start out very hot arid then
becom e cool, I turn into liquid.
Across
3. This is w hat gas does when 6 Down
happens.
5. This is how solids turn into liquids.
7. This is how matter goes into the air
when it boils.

| gg Chapter 10 • Changes in Matter Use with Lesson 2

Reading and Writing Changes of State
 M LESSON
Nam e__________________________________ D ate______________
기 Cloze A ctivity

Changes of State
Fill in the b la n k s. U se the w o rd s from the box.

condense heat solid

evaporate liquid temperatures
freeze melt water vapor

There are three main states, or forms, of matter.

The three main states a re ________________ ，liquid,

and gas. Some solids________________ when they

get enough heat. When something melts, it

changes from a solid to a _________________. That is

what happens when an ice cube melts. Different solids

melt at different_________________. When water boils, it

w ill________________，or turn into a gas. This gas is

called________________ .

W hen________________is taken away from matter,

I I I H - M D J 9 o ! o l l ! E o D l / \ l◎

it can change. G ases________________ when they

are cooled. When y o u ________________ water, it

turns into a solid. Different liquids freeze at different
temperatures.

Chapter 10 • Changes in Matter Use with Lesson 2 i oq

Reading and W riting) Changes of State
 R eading Date
in Science

Colorful Creations
R ead the R ead in g in S c ie n c e p a g e s in your book.
W rite in fe re n ces b a sed on the statem e n ts in the
“W hat I K n o w ” colum n. Write your in fe re n ces on the
ch art.

W hat I Know W hat I Infer

Most crayons are made

of wax. Colored wax is
melted into a liquid.

The crayon mold is cooled

with cold water.

A machine packs the

crayons into boxes.

Ion Chapter 10 • Changes in Matter Use with Lesson 2

Reading and Writing Changes of State
Name Date f R e a d in g
in Scienee

/ Write About It
Predict. W hat do you think would happen if the
m ixt 니re of w ax was poured into a mold shaped like
a square? Explain your answer.

W hat two states of matter are used to make crayons?

How do you think different colored crayons are

made?

Chapter 10 • Changes in Matter Use with Lesson 2 |9|

Reading and Writing Changes of State
 LESSON Date
Outline

Mixtures
U se yo ur book to help you fill in the b lan k s.

W h a t a re m ix tu re s ?
1. W hen two or more things are put together, the

result is called a Mi l 스 .

2. M ixtures can have different 厂바니w 八''이 of

solids, liquids, and gases.

3. Some mixtures can be picked ; ' .______ .

W h ic h m ix tu re s s ta y m ix e d ?
4. A m ixture that is difficult to take apart is called a

5. W hen salt is added to water, the salt

rli and mixes with the water.

6. Sand and w a te r______ L_ 느

_____ make a
solution.

|9 2 Chapter 10 • Changes in Matter 、 Use with Lesson 3

Reading and Writing Mixtures
Name Date i LESSON
Outline

H ow c a n y o u ta k e m ix tu re s a p a rt?
7. Some mixtures a r e ________ ' ‘ - to take
apart. Other m ixtures are more difficult.

8. A _______ can be used to separate

sand from water.

9. A ; can be used to separate iron

from sand.

10. To take ᄋ니t salt from salt water, a process

called g!-; 8 ■ is used.

C ritic a l T h in k in g
11. Suppose you had a m ixture of w ater and
pebbles. How could you take apart the m ixture?

Chapter 10 • Changes in Matter Use with Lesson 3 i no

Reading and Writing Mixtures
LESSON Date
V ocabulary

Mixtures
W rite w hether you would need to u se a m agnet, a
filter, evap o ratio n , or your h a n d s in order to take
a p a rt e a c h m ixture listed below . S o m e m ixtures c a n
be taken a p a rt in m ore than one w ay.

I. salt water 6. pennies and nickels

2. w ater and sand 7. blue paper and white

paper

3. iron nails and sand

8. water and seashells

4. raisins and cornflakes

kt> S

5. iron screws and

plastic beads

I o i l Chapter 10 • Changes in Matter Use with Lesson 3

Reading and Writing Mixtures
Name Date LESSO N
Cloze A ctivity

Mixtures
Fill in the b la n k s. U se the w o rd s from the box.

dissolves filter magnet separate

evaporation liquids mixture solution

Have you ever made a collage? When you glue

pieces of paper together, you make a .

A mixture can be any combination of solids, a아 니 -

and/or gases. Some mixtures can b e _______

by their parts.

When salt and water are mixed together, a

1 is made. The salt can not be seen

because it 야 : 5< ^ᄂ色 " in the water. The mixture

>4

can be taken apart by using 作 - . The

water will evaporate and the salt will be left behind.

To separate water and sand, a 씨 u-______

can be used. To separate iron and sand, a 入^■ 심_______

can be used. You can separate some mixtures by

using your hands.

Chapter 10 • Changes in Matter Use with Lesson 3 iqc

Reading and Writing Mixtures
 W ritin g Date
in Science

Writing a Recipe
/ W rite A b o u t I t
You can write a recipe.
Explain how you would use
some of this fruit to make a
fruit salad. Explain why it is
a mixture.

Getting Id eas
Lo o k at the illustration. W hat kin d s of fruit do you
s e e ? T h in k ab o ut how you w ould m ake a fruit s a la d .

What kinds of fruit would you want to put in a fruit

salad? List them below.

Planning and Organizing

Put the ste p s in the co rrect order.

__________________ Mix the fruit together.

__________________ Wash the fruit and put it on the
cutting board.
__________________ Get a bowl and a cutting board.
__________________ Cut up each fruit. Put the fruit in
the bowl.

I O A Chapter 10 • Changes in Matter Use with Lesson 3

Reading and Writing Mixtures
Name Date Writing
in Science

Drafting
Write a se n te n ce to begin yo ur recip e. Tell w h at the
recip e is for.

Now write the recipe on a se p a ra te p ie ce of p ap er. Put

the ste p s in order. At the end, tell w h y it is a m ixture.

Revising and Proofreading

U se the w o rd s in the box to fill in the b la n k s.

Finally First Next Second Then

________________，I put a big bowl on the counter.

____________________________________________________________ , I got a spoon. ___________________________________________________________________,

I put cut-up apples and bananas in the b o w l.___________

I added grapes, blueberries, and strawberries.

________________，I mixed everything together.

Now revise and proofread your writing. Ask yourself:

► Did I write the steps in order?
► Did I explain w hy it is a mixture?
► Did I correct all m istakes?

Chapter 10 • Changes in Matter Use with Lesson 3 iny

Reading and Writing Mixtures
CHAPTER Date
V ocabulary

Changes in Matter
Fill in the b la n k s. U se the w o rd s in the box.

chemical change evaporation melts

condenses freezes solution

I ■ W hen m a tte r________________ ，it changes from

a solid to a liquid.
2. A process c a lle d ________________can be used
to separate salt from water.
3. A ________________ is a mixture that is difficult to
separate.
4. W hen m a tte r________________ ，it changes from
a gas to a liquid.
5. W hen w a te r________________，it changes from
a liquid to a solid.

6. W hen a slice of bread is toasted, a _______________

occurs.

■n o Chapter 10 • Changes in Matter

Reading and Writing
 Name CHAPTER
Date
V o cab u lary

D raw a line from e a ch picture to the se n te n c e that

d e s c rib e s it.

a. Salt dissolves in water to

make a solution.

b. When a physical change

takes place, matter
changes shape.

c. Evaporation is when
matter changes from a
liquid to a gas.

d. After a chemical change

takes place, matter may
look and smell different
than before.

e. When matter melts,

it changes from a solid
to a liquid.
l l! H - M D J 9 o ! D I I ! E o D l/ \ ◎
l

Chapter 10 • Changes in Matter

Reading and Writing
199
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(others) Ken Karp/MMH; 2 9 4 - 2 9 5 Paul Chesley/Getty Images; 2 9 5 MMH; 2 9 6 Ariel Skelley/ permission of Crayola LLC; 3 3 6 - 3 3 7 (b)Stockdisc/Punchstock; 3 3 7 (tl)Steve Rasmussen/
CORBIS; 2 9 7 Ken Karp/MMH; 2 9 8 (l)Kevin Schafer/zefa/CORBIS, (r)Ken Cavanagh/MMH; AP Images, (tr)William Thomas Cain/Getty Images, (b)Stockdisc/Punchstock, (br)Dave
2 9 8 - 2 9 9 Ken Karp/MMH; 2 9 9 (l)Ken Karp/MMH, (r)Digital Zoo/Getty Images; 3 0 0 - 3 0 1 Ken Mager/lndex Stock Imagery; 3 3 8 - 3 3 9 Garry Gay/Alamy; 3 3 9 (b)Ken Karp/MMH, (others)
Karp/MMH; 301 (b)Ken Karp/MMH, (others)MMH; 3 02 (l)Colin Keates/Courtesy of the Natural MMH; 3 4 0 -3 4 1 Ken Karp/MMH; 3 4 2 (td)CORBIS, (cl cr)Ken Karp/MMH, (bl)Stockbyte/
History Museum, Um d에/ [)K Images, (c)Ken Karp/MMH, (r)Nikreates/Alamy; 303 Ken Karp/ PunchStock,(br)CORBIS, (others)Stockdisc/PunchStock; 343 (t)Ken Karp/MMH, (b) 이ᄋMEDIA/
MMH; 3 0 4 (tc)Brand X Pictures/PictureQuest, (tr)Photodisc/Getty Images, (c)Ken Karp/MMH, Ala my; 3 4 4 (l)Ken Karp/MMH, (r)Charles D. Winters/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 3 4 6 (t)Ken Karp/
(b)MMH; 3 0 5 Ken Karp/MMH; 3 0 6 (c)Gary Braasch/CORBIS, (c)Ryan McVay/CORBIS, MMH, (d)Enigma/Alamy Images, (c)Greg Kuchik/Getty Images, (bl)Stockdisc/Punchstock, (br)
(others)C Squared Studios/Getty Images; 3 0 7 (t)V&A Images/Alamy, (c)Louie Psihoyos/Getty CORBIS; 3 4 7 (tc) Robert Hicks/Alamy, (b)Ken Cavanagfi/隱 H, (others)MMH; 3 4 8 (t)Stockdisc/
Images, (bkgd)CORBIS; 3 0 8 - 3 0 9 Ken Karp/MMH; 3 0 9 (b)Ken Karp/MMH, (others)MMH; PunchStock, (b)chris fotoman smith/Alamy; 3 4 9 (t)Ken Karp/MMH, (b)D. Hurst/Alamy;
3 1 0 (l)Digital Vision/Punchstock, (tr)Michel Tcherevkoff/Getty Images, (br)MarkViker/Getty 3 5 0 Brooke Slezak/Getty Images; 351 Deborah Jaffe/Photodisc/Getty Images; 352 Graham
Images; 311 The M cGraw -Hill Companies; 3 1 2 (l)Buzz Pictures/Alamy, (c)Ken Karp/MMH, Charles/age fotostock; 3 5 3 (l)imagebroker/Alamy, (r)Dorling Kindersley/Getty Images; 353 A
(r)Heka agence photo/Alamy; 3 13 (d)Keate/Masterfile, (cr)Stock Food/SuperStock, (others) (tc)CORBIS, (bl)Photodisc/Getty Images, (br)F. Schussler/Getty Images, (others)Ken Karp/
Ken Karp/MMH; 3 1 4 Shamn L. Jonz/Photis/PictureQuest; 315 Ken Karp/MMH; 3 1 6 (I) MMH; 3 5 4 (t)Ben Weaver/Getty Images, (bl)Jose Luis Pelaez, lnc./CORBIS, (br)Jeff Greenberg/
Steven May/Alamy, (inset)Ken Karp/MMH; 3 1 7 Ken Karp/MMH; 3 1 8 Jeff Greenberg/Alamy; PhotoEdit; 355 Lester Lefkowitz/Getty Images;