1.

#include <stdio.h>

void main() {

int arr1[] = {1, 3, 4, 5, 7};

int arr2[] = {2, 3, 5, 6};

int n = sizeof(arr1) / sizeof(arr1[0]);

int m = sizeof(arr2) / sizeof(arr2[0]);

int i = 0, j = 0;

printf("Union: ");

while (i < n && j < m) {

if (arr1[i] < arr2[j]) {

printf("%d ", arr1[i++]);

} else if (arr2[j] < arr1[i]) {

printf("%d ", arr2[j++]);

} else {

printf("%d ", arr2[j++]);

i++;

while (i < n) {

printf("%d ", arr1[i++]);

while (j < m) {

printf("%d ", arr2[j++]);

printf("\n");

i = 0, j = 0;

printf("Intersection: ");

while (i < n && j < m) {

if (arr1[i] < arr2[j]) {

i++;

} else if (arr2[j] < arr1[i]) {

j++;
 } else {

printf("%d ", arr2[j++]);

i++;

printf("\n");

}
2.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int i, j, rows, columns, a[10][10], Flag = 1;

printf("\nPlease Enter Number of rows and columns : ");

scanf("%d %d", &i, &j);

printf("\nPlease Enter the Matrix Elements\n");

for (rows = 0; rows < i; rows++) {

for (columns = 0; columns < j; columns++) {

scanf("%d", &a[rows][columns]);

for (rows = 0; rows < i; rows++) {

for (columns = 0; columns < j; columns++) {

if (a[rows][columns] != 1 && a[columns][rows] != 0) {

Flag = 0;

break;

if (Flag == 1) {

printf("\nThe Matrix that you entered is an Identity Matrix\n");

} else {

printf("\nThe Matrix that you entered is Not an Identity Matrix\n");

return 0;

}
3.

#include <stdio.h>

#define ROW 10

#define COL 10

void sort_rows(int arr[][COL], int n) {

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

for (int j = 0; j < COL; j++) {

for (int k = j + 1; k < COL; k++) {

if (arr[i][j] > arr[i][k]) {

int temp = arr[i][j];

arr[i][j] = arr[i][k];

arr[i][k] = temp;

int main() {

int n;

printf("Enter the order of the matrix: ");

scanf("%d", &n);

int arr[ROW][COL];

printf("Enter the matrix elements:\n");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {

scanf("%d", &arr[i][j]);

sort_rows(arr, n);

printf("Matrix after sorting row elements in ascending order:\n");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {

 printf("%d ", arr[i][j]);

printf("\n");

return 0;

}
4.
5.
6.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct node {

int data;

struct node *left;

struct node *right;

};

struct node *new_node(int data) {

struct node *node = (struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node));

node->data = data;

node->left = NULL;

node->right = NULL;

return node;

struct node *insert(struct node *node, int data) {

if (node == NULL) {

return new_node(data);

} else {

if (data <= node->data) {

node->left = insert(node->left, data);

} else {

node->right = insert(node->right, data);

return node;

struct node *search(struct node *node, int data) {

if (node == NULL || node->data == data) {

return node;

} else if (data < node->data) {

return search(node->left, data);

} else {

return search(node->right, data);

}
}

int main() {

struct node *root = NULL;

root = insert(root, 50);

insert(root, 30);

insert(root, 20);

insert(root, 40);

insert(root, 70);

insert(root, 60);

insert(root, 80);

int x;

printf("Enter the element to search: ");

scanf("%d", &x);

struct node *result = search(root, x);

if (result == NULL) {

printf("Element not found\n");

} else {

printf("Element found\n");

return 0;

}
7.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int length_of_longest_substring(char *str) {

int n = strlen(str);

int longest_str_len = 1;

int current_substr_len = 1;

int previous_index, i;

int temp[256];

memset(temp, -1, sizeof(int) * 256);

temp[str[0]] = 0;

for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {

previous_index = temp[str[i]];

if (previous_index == -1 || i - current_substr_len > previous_index) {

current_substr_len++;

} else {

if (current_substr_len > longest_str_len) {

longest_str_len = current_substr_len;

}
current_substr_len = i - previous_index;
}
temp[str[i]] = i;
}
if (current_substr_len > longest_str_len) {

longest_str_len = current_substr_len;

}
return longest_str_len;
}

int main() {

char str[] = "xyzwwepppw";

printf("Input string: \"%s\"\n", str);

printf("Longest substring without repeating characters: %d\n", length_of_longest_substring(str));

return 0;
}
8.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

struct Employee {

char name[50];

char department[50];

int eid;

float salary;

};

int main() {

int n;

printf("Enter the number of employees: ");

scanf("%d", &n);

struct Employee *employees = (struct Employee *)malloc(n * sizeof(struct Employee));

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

printf("Enter details of employee %d:\n", i + 1);

printf("Name: ");

scanf("%s", employees[i].name);

printf("Department: ");

scanf("%s", employees[i].department);

printf("Employee ID: ");

scanf("%d", &employees[i].eid);

printf("Salary: ");

scanf("%f", &employees[i].salary);

printf("\nEmployee details:\n");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

printf("Name: %s\n", employees[i].name);

printf("Department: %s\n", employees[i].department);

printf("Employee ID: %d\n", employees[i].eid);

printf("Salary: %.2f\n", employees[i].salary);

printf("\n");

}
 free(employees);

return 0;

}
9.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define MAX_SIZE 100

struct Student {

char name[50];

int rollno;

float marks;

};

void insert(struct Student *students, int *n) {

printf("Enter the details of the student:\n");

printf("Name: ");

scanf("%s", students[*n].name);

printf("Roll number: ");

scanf("%d", &students[*n].rollno);

printf("Marks: ");

scanf("%f", &students[*n].marks);

(*n)++;

void display(struct Student *students, int n) {

printf("Student details:\n");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

printf("Name: %s\n", students[i].name);

printf("Roll number: %d\n", students[i].rollno);

printf("Marks: %.2f\n", students[i].marks);

printf("\n");

void delete(struct Student *students, int *n) {

int rollno;

printf("Enter the roll number of the student to delete: ");

scanf("%d", &rollno);

int i;

for (i = 0; i < *n; i++) {

 if (students[i].rollno == rollno) {

break;

if (i == *n) {

printf("Student with roll number %d not found\n", rollno);

} else {

for (int j = i; j < *n - 1; j++) {

students[j] = students[j + 1];

(*n)--;

printf("Student with roll number %d deleted successfully\n", rollno);

void search(struct Student *students, int n) {

int rollno;

printf("Enter the roll number of the student to search: ");

scanf("%d", &rollno);

int i;

for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {

if (students[i].rollno == rollno) {

printf("Student details:\n");

printf("Name: %s\n", students[i].name);

printf("Roll number: %d\n", students[i].rollno);

printf("Marks: %.2f\n", students[i].marks);

printf("\n");

break;

if (i == n) {

printf("Student with roll number %d not found\n", rollno);

}
int main() {

struct Student students[MAX_SIZE];

int n = 0;

int choice;

do {

printf("Menu:\n");

printf("1. Insert\n");

printf("2. Display\n");

printf("3. Delete\n");

printf("4. Search\n");

printf("5. Exit\n");

printf("Enter your choice: ");

scanf("%d", &choice);

switch (choice) {

case 1:

insert(students, &n);

break;

case 2:

display(students, n);

break;

case 3:

delete(students, &n);

break;

case 4:

search(students, n);

break;

case 5:

printf("Exiting...\n");

break;

default:

printf("Invalid choice\n");

} while (choice != 5);

 return 0;

}
11.

#include <stdio.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <ctype.h>

int main() {

FILE *fptr;

char filename[] = "c:\\myfile.txt";

char ch;

int alphabets = 0, digits = 0, whitespace = 0, special_chars = 0, lines = 0;

if ((fptr = fopen(filename, "w")) == NULL) {

printf("Error opening file\n");

exit(EXIT_FAILURE);

printf("Enter some text: ");

while ((ch = getchar()) != EOF) {

fputc(ch, fptr);

fclose(fptr);

if ((fptr = fopen(filename, "r")) == NULL) {

printf("Error opening file\n");

exit(EXIT_FAILURE);

while ((ch = fgetc(fptr)) != EOF) {

if (isalpha(ch)) {

alphabets++;

} else if (isdigit(ch)) {

digits++;

} else if (isspace(ch)) {

whitespace++;

} else {

special_chars++;

if (ch == '\n') {
 lines++;

printf("File contents:\n");

rewind(fptr);

while ((ch = fgetc(fptr)) != EOF) {

putchar(ch);

printf("\n");

printf("Total alphabets: %d\n", alphabets);

printf("Total digits: %d\n", digits);

printf("Total whitespace characters: %d\n", whitespace);

printf("Total special characters: %d\n", special_chars);

printf("Total lines: %d\n", lines);

fclose(fptr);

return 0;

}
12.

#include <stdio.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

struct Car {

char model[50];

int year;

float engine_cap;

char colour[50];

float price;

};

int main() {

struct Car car;

FILE *fptr;

char filename[] = "d:\\mycar\\car.dat";

if ((fptr = fopen(filename, "wb")) == NULL) {

printf("Error opening file\n");

exit(EXIT_FAILURE);

printf("Enter car details:\n");

printf("Model: ");

scanf("%s", car.model);

printf("Year: ");

scanf("%d", &car.year);

printf("Engine capacity: ");

scanf("%f", &car.engine_cap);

printf("Colour: ");

scanf("%s", car.colour);

printf("Price: ");

scanf("%f", &car.price);

fwrite(&car, sizeof(struct Car), 1, fptr);

fclose(fptr);
 if ((fptr = fopen(filename, "rb")) == NULL) {

printf("Error opening file\n");

exit(EXIT_FAILURE);

fread(&car, sizeof(struct Car), 1, fptr);

printf("Car details:\n");

printf("Model: %s\n", car.model);

printf("Year: %d\n", car.year);

printf("Engine capacity: %.2f\n", car.engine_cap);

printf("Colour: %s\n", car.colour);

printf("Price: %.2f\n", car.price);

fclose(fptr);

return 0;

}
13.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

FILE *fptr;

char filename[100], ch;

char *substring;

int count = 0;

if (argc != 3) {

printf("Usage: %s filename substring\n", argv[0]);

exit(EXIT_FAILURE);

strcpy(filename, argv[1]);

substring = argv[2];

if ((fptr = fopen(filename, "r")) == NULL) {

printf("Error opening file\n");

exit(EXIT_FAILURE);

while ((ch = fgetc(fptr)) != EOF) {

if (strstr(&ch, substring) != NULL) {

count++;

printf("The substring \"%s\" occurs %d times in the file \"%s\"\n", substring, count, filename);

fclose(fptr);

return 0;