Math Grade 3

Addition and Subtraction

Chapter 2
of Whole numbers up to
10,000

Learning outcomes of the chapter, students after this chapter will be able to:

 Understand Addition and subtraction of whole numbers up to 10,000

 Solve word problems of addition and subtraction of whole numbers up to 10,000

Introducing Addition and Subtraction of Whole Numbers

Addition is a way to put things together. When you add two amounts, you're counting them together, as
one larger amount. Addition happens all the time in real life.

It is a mathematical operation that represents combining objects t into a larger collection. It is signified by
the plus sign (+).

Addition means summing up two or more numbers or values to get another number.

For example, if we add 2 and 3, we get 5 as the result.

2+3=5

Subtraction - A mathematical operation that represents process of finding the difference between
numbers or quantities. It is signified by the minus sign (-).

Subtraction means reducing a value from another value to get the required value.

For example, subtracting 3 from 5 gives 2 as the answer:

5–3=2

11
 Math Grade 3

There is a great deal of language related to the concepts of addition and subtraction.

Addition − and, add, plus, put together with, sum

Subtraction − take away, minus, subtract, difference

In your Grade 2 lesson you have learned how to add and subtract whole numbers up to 1000, in this
chapter you will learn addition and subtraction of whole numbers up to 10,000.

2.1 Adding whole numbers up to 10,000

Revision of whole numbers up to 1,000

Expanded form of a number is written as a sum showing the place values.

Example1: 35 = 30 + 5 = 3 x 10 + 5 Which is 3 tens and 5 ones.

Example 2: 2 x 10 + 7 = 20 + 7 = 27
Example 3: When 659 is written as a sum of multiples of 100, of 10 and
of unit, it becomes:

659 = 6 x 100 + 5 x 10 + 9 x 1
600 + 50 + 9 = 659

Exercise 2.1
I. Write the expanded form of the following numbers. Neatness counts.
1) 41 = ___________________
2) 87 = ___________________
3) 69 = ___________________
4) 745 = ___________________
5) 693 = ___________________

II. Do the following using the method in Example above. Neatness counts.
1) 4 x 10 + 3 = ___________________

2) 6 x 10 + 5 = ___________________

3) 2 x 10 + 8 = ___________________

12
 Math Grade 3
Order of Whole Numbers

Comparing Numbers by using ‘<’, ’>’, or ‘=’ symbols.

< Means “is less than” If two numbers are not equal when comparing
them, they are an equal. These comparisons
> Means “is greater than”
are called inequalities.
= Means “is equal to”

Example 1: Compare 964 and 975.

First look at the hundreds place. Since the hundreds place is
the same in both, look at the tens place 6 tens “is less than” 7
tens.
Therefore 964 < 975
Example 2: 305 > 272
Example 3: 946 = 946

Note: For any whole number m ≠o, m-1 is the predecessor of m. And
m + 1 is a successor of m.

Example 4: 943 is the predecessor of 944 and

945 is the successor of 944.

Exercise 2.2
I. Compare the following numbers by using “<”, “>” or “=” symbol. (Neatness counts.)
1) 654 ____________ 650

2) 387 ____________ 381

3) 401 ____________ 140

4) 809 ____________ 809

5) 305 694

13
II. For each following numbers write its predecessor and successor. Math Grade 3

(Neatness counts.)

1) 596 : Predecessor = __________________

Successor = ____________________

2) 305 : Predecessor = __________________

Successor = ____________________

3) 94 : Predecessor = __________________

Successor = ____________________

III. Solve each word problem. (Neatness counts.)

1) Use the digit 4, 5 and 9 to write the greatest and smallest number,

Greatest number = _____________________

Smallest number = ______________________

2) Sifen has 8 comic books. Heldana has 2 more comic books than Sifen. Nitsuh has 3 fewer comic books
than Sifen. Who has the most comic books?

Heldana has __________________ comic books.

Nitsuh has ____________________ comic books.

__________________ has the most comic books.

Finding whole numbers that make a sentence true.

Observe the following

Example:- m + 20 < 23

The whole numbers that can be placed for ’’ m” to make the

sentence true are: 0, 1 and 2. Therefore m = 0,1,2,

Exercise 2.3 Math Grade 3

14
 I. Find the whole numbers that make these sentence true. Neatness counts.
a)h + 10 < 13 b) 39 + f > 43 c) e + 22 < 26

h = _________ f = __________ e = ______________

d) 74 + K < 80 e) g + 25 < 40 f) h – 20 < 34

K = ________ g = __________ h = ______________

2.1.1 Adding two-digit and three-digit whole numbers without carrying

For example 1: 426 + 132
If you want to try solving this by yourself, go ahead and check your answer after to see if you got
it correct. Let’s begin!
First, I’ll write one number below the other so that the 1s places are lined up, as well as the 10s
places and the 100s places:
426
32
Now I have everything properly set up, so I just draw the line:
426
+ 32
And I’m almost done. I just need to add the numbers together. I need to add the numbers in each
column together:
1s place column: 6 + 2 = 8
42 6
+ 3 2
8
10s place column: 2 + 3 = 5
42 6
+ 3 2
5 8
100s place column: 4 + 0 = 4
4 2 6
+ 3 2
4 5 8
The final answer is 458
Example 2: Add the following numbers in row (horizontal).

a) 543 + 75 b) 846 + 39
Math Grade 3

15
543 + 75 = 500 + 40 + 3+ 70 + 5 846 + 39 = 800 + 40 + 6 + 30 + 9

= 500 + 110 + 8 = 800 + 70 + 15

= 500 + 100 + 10 + 8 = 800 + 70 + 10 + 5

= 600 + 18 = 618 = 800 + 80 + 5 = 885

Example 3: Add the following numbers in column (vertical).

a) 4 4 2 b) 312

+ 656 + 86
1,098 398

2.1.2 Adding two-digit and three-digit whole numbers with carrying

Example 1: Add 495 and 65.

Solution:

Step 1: Arrange the numbers vertically.

Step 2: Add the ones. 5 + 5 = 10 ones = 1 ten and 0 one. Write 0

in the ones column and carry over 1 to the tens column.

Step 3: Add the tens. 9 + 6 + 1 (carry over) = 16 tens = 1 hundred

and 6 tens. Write 6 in the tens column and carry over 1 to the
hundreds column.

Step 4: Add the hundreds. 4 +1 (carry over) = 5 hundreds. Write 5 in the hundreds column.

Thus, 495 + 65 = 560

Example 2: Add 379 and 558

Solution:

Step 1: Arrange the numbers vertically.

Step 2: Add the ones column. 9 + 8 = 17 ones = 1 ten and 7 ones. Write 7 in the ones
column and carry over 1 to the tens column.

Step 3: Add the tens column. 7 + 5 + 1 (carry over) = 13 tens = 1 hundred and 3 tens.
Write 3 in the tens column and carry over 1 to the hundreds column.
16
Step 4: Add the hundreds column. 3 + 5 + 1 (carry over) = 9
hundreds.

Thus 379 + 558 = 937

Exercise 2.4
I. Add the following numbers. (Neatness counts.)
1) 973 + 18

2) 536 + 69

3) 797 + 26

4) 479 + 32

5) 284 + 33

2.1.3 Adding three-digit and four-digit whole numbers with and without carrying
Example 1: Add the following numbers in row (horizontal).

a) 5,230 + 759 b) 8,446 + 379

5,230 + 759 = 5,200 + 30 + 6 + 700 + 50 + 9 8,446 + 379 = 8400 + 40 + 6 + 300 + 70 + 9

= 5,2000 + 700 + 80 + 15 = 8400 + 300 + 40 + 70 + 6 + 9

= 5,900 + 80 + 10 + 5 = 8400 + 300 + 110+ 15

= 5,995 = 8400 + 300 + 100 + 10 + 5= 8,815

Example 2: Add the following numbers in column (vertical).

a) 3 4 5 6 b) 6228

+ 480 + 456
3,936 6,684

Math Grade 3
Review problems on adding whole numbers up to 10,000
1) Add the following numbers in row. Neatness counts.
a) 4,481 + 234 c) 7,356 + 2,478
17
 b) 5,750 + 276 d) 6,297 + 2, 970

2) Add the following numbers in column. Neatness counts.

a) 236 b) 9 8 7 c) 6 0 9 d) 253 e) 5 2 5

+ 42 + 89 + 99 + 52 + 35

f) 6 2 9 6 g) 3 5 6 4 h) 2 1 2 5 i) 4 2 0 0 j) 9 4 8 4

+ 240 + 290 +800 +750 + 280

3) Do the following word problems. Neatness counts.

a) A car was driven 945 km in March and 45 km in April. Over how much distance was the car driven in the
two months?
b) There are 365 males, 35 females’ and 120 children in a town. Find the population of the town.
c) In a business Sami invests 7,500 birr and Ribeka 465 birr. Find the total amount invested by both partners
in the business.
d) In the year 2022, 4291 boys and 987 girls had appeared in an examination. Find the total number of
candidates that appeared for the examination.
2.2 Subtracting Whole numbers up to 10,000

2.2.1 Subtracting two-digit numbers from three-digit numbers

Note: There are two methods of subtracting two-digit numbers from three-digit numbers.

 By arranging the numbers in expand form and subtract

 By align the numbers in their place value and subtract

Example 1: Subtract 43 from 175 (short form) by arranging the numbers in expanded form.
Subtract 175 - 43 by arranging the numbers in expanded form
First the digits are arranged in columns; Math Grade 3

1 7 5 = 100 + 70 + 5
- 4 3 = - 40 + 3

18
 = 100 + 30 + 2
= 132
Example 2: Subtract 26 from 269 (long form) by arranging the numbers in expanded form.
Subtract 69 - 26 by arranging the numbers in expanded form
First the digits are arranged in columns;
2 6 9 = 2 hundreds + 6 tens + 9 ones
- 2 6 = - 2 tens + 6 ones
= 2 hundreds + 4 tens + 3 ones
Difference of digit of one’s place = 9 – 6 = 3 ones
Difference of digit of tens place = 6 – 2 = 4 tens
= 243

Example 3: Subtract 35 from 689.

689 First, set up the problem and align the numbers by place value.
– 53

689 Then, subtract the ones.

– 53
6

689 Next, subtract the tens.

– 53
36

689 Finally, subtract the hundreds.

– 53
636
Answer: 689 – 53 = 636

Math Grade 3

Note: For whole numbers a, b, and c a¿b and If a-b=c then a=minuend, b= subtrahend, and difference.

19
 The larger number from which smaller number is subtracted is called the minuend. The smaller number
which is subtracted is called subtrahend. The resulting number is called the difference.

Let us consider the subtraction equation 9 – 4 = 5.

9 is minuend

4 is subtrahend, and

5 is difference

Exercise 2.5

1. Subtract the following numbers in expand form and by align the numbers in their place value.
Neatness counts.
a) 152−41 b) 159−53 c) 176−60

d) 148−47 e) 181−61 f) 169−56

2. Subtract the following numbers. Neatness counts.

a) 6 6 5 b) 3 8 1 c) 4 8 4 d) 1 4 7 e) 6 3 9 f) 5 4 4

-13 -11 -12 -23 -29 -42

2.2.2 Subtracting three-digit numbers from three-digit numbers with regrouping

Example 1: Solved Examples on Subtraction of 3-Digit Numbers with Regrouping:

Subtract 674 – 458.

Step I: Arrange the numbers vertically. Math Grade 3
Step II: Subtract the ones column. Since, 8 > 4 and
we cannot subtract 8 from 4.
20
 Step III: Subtract the tens column. 6 – 5 = 1 tens.
Step IV: Subtract the hundreds column. 6 – 4 = 2 hundreds.
Thus, 674 – 458 = 216

Exercise 2.6

1. Subtract the following numbers. Neatness counts.

a) 625 - 566

b) 464 - 792

c) 552 - 882

d) 814 - 156

e) 732 – 163

2. Subtract the following three digit numbers. Neatness counts.

a) 254 b) 486 c) 921 d) 756

─ 198 ─ 249 ─ 798 ─ 189
________ _______ _______ _______

e) 400 f) 526 g) 200 h) 865

─ 199 ─ 305 ─ 175 ─ 165
________ _______ _______ _______

3. There are 705 birds living in the garden. During winters, 438 flew away. How many birds were left in

the garden?

4. A woman who owns a music store starts her week with 965 CDs. She sells 452 by the end of the week.

How many CDs does she have remaining?

Math Grade 3
2.2.3 Subtracting four-digit numbers from three-digit numbers
Example 1: Subtract the following numbers. Neatness counts.
21
 a) 8864 – 653
8864 – 653 = 8000 + 800 + 60 + 4 – (600 + 50 + 3)
= 8000 + (800 -600) + (60 -50) + (4 -3)
= 8000 + 200 + 10 + 1= 8,211
b) 4 5 6 3
+876
3687

Exercise 2.7

1. Subtract the following numbers. Neatness counts.

a) 4 6 9 3 b) 5, 5 3 0 c) 3, 9 6 2 d) 9, 0 7 3

–245 –829 –684 –521

e) 6, 7 8 2 f) 1, 8 4 3 g) 3, 1 5 6

–574 –157 –432

2.2.4 Subtracting four-digit numbers from four-digit numbers

a) 8420 – 6210
8864 – 653 = 8000 + 400 + 20 – 6000 - 200 - 10
= 2000 + 200 + 10

= 2210
b) Subtract 3678 from 8162.

Math Grade 3
Exercise 2.8
1) Subtract the following numbers. Neatness counts.
22
 a) 4,387 b) 8,385 c) 6,247 d) 8,173 e) 2,367

- 3,359 - 1,851 - 3,694 - 2,950 - 1,308

2) In a botanical garden, there are 5,626 varieties of native and exotic plants. If 2,290 of the plants are
exotic, what is the number of native plants?

3) If a restaurant uses 7,984 of the 9,151 eggs they had purchased during the month, how many eggs
were left unused?

2.3 Adding and subtracting of whole numbers in word problems

1) Mr. Bose spent $450 for petrol on Wednesday. He spent $125 more than that on Thursday. How much

did he spend on petrol on those two days?

2) In a factory there are 35,675 workers. 10,750 workers come in the first shift, 12,650 workers in the

second shift and the rest come in the third shift. How many workers come in the third shift?

3) Judy had 158 litres of paraffin to sell. She sold 33 litres. How many litres remained?

4) The total number of teachers and learners in a school is 265. There are 12 teachers. How many learners

are there in the school?

Summary of chapter two

 Adding two whole numbers increases the original number. Subtracting two whole numbers
decreases the original number.
 For adding large numbers vertically, we line up the numbers according to their place values.
 For subtracting large numbers in vertical form, we line up the numbers according to their place
values.
 The larger number from which smaller number is subtracted is called the minuend. The smaller
number which is subtracted is called subtrahend. The resulting number is called the difference.

Math Grade 3
Review Questions of the Chapter
I. Find the answers in vertical form.
23
1) 865+746 2) 4175+3658 3) 6073+3927 4) 525+913 5) 258+745 6) 483+517

II. Find the answers in vertical form.

1) 132−41 2) 109−53 3) 146−60 4) 132−47 5) 120−61 6) 106−59

III. Work out the following word problems.

1) You read 165 pages of a book with 240 pages in total. How many pages are left?

2) There are 2368 boys and 2356 girls in Elementary schools in Manus Province. How many elementary school

children are there in total? Also, which gender is more and by how many?

3) Juma had 468 party chairs. He bought 125 party chairs. How many party chairs does he have altogether?

4) Asha had 135 kg of flour. Fatuma gave her 180 kg. How many kg does she have altogether?

5) The school book fair wanted to raise 1500birr. It raised 2500birr. What is the difference in the amounts?

IV. Find the predecessor and successor.

1) Write the successor of: a) 2440701 b) 100199 c) 1099999 d) 2345670

2) Write the predecessor of: a) 94 b) 10000 c) 208090 d) 7654321

V. In each of the following pairs of numbers, state which whole number is on the left of the other

number on the number line. Also write them with the appropriate sign (>, <, or =) between them.

1) 530 503 2) 370 307 3) 98765 56789 4) 9830415 10023001

VI. Work out the following problems.

24