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MINTSTRY OF HIGHER AND TERTIARY EDUCATION

HIGHER EDUCATION EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

(HExco)
NATIONAL DIPLOMA

IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SUBJECT: Civil Engineering PAPER NO: 578/SO3
- Construction

NOVEMBER/DECEMBER ?OLO EXAMTNATTON

REQUIREMENTS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATE
1. Answer All questions
2. All questions carry equal marks.
3. Start each question on a new page.

SECTION A

This paper consists o;f I printed pages.

MS/2O7O
PAPER NO: 578/S03 - CIVIL ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION

EARTHWORKS

OUtrSTION 1

a) You are required to carry out the planning of a dam construction

project in Gokwe. The area consists of builders, trees, expansive
soils in some sections to a depth of Ztm. A link road is also
proposed for access to the dam. On the link road site there are
sections with expansive soil.

i) List the earthmoving plant that will be required for the

project. (3 marks)
ii) Highlight the specific problems the contractor might face and
how these can be overcome. (4 marks)

b) The volumes between sections along a 900m long road are shown.
Cut volume is a positive and fill volume is negative.

il Calculate tlre aggregate volumes for each change.

ii) Plot the mass haui diagram.
iii) Determine suitable balancing lines positions so that there 1S
an equal surplus at drainage zero and drainage 900.
- a surplus at drainage 9OO but name at drainage zeto.
- a surplus drainage zero but name at drainage 90O.
iv) Calculate the cost of each removal for the case where there is
a surplus at drainage 600 and none at drainage zero based
on the following prizes and a free haul built of 300m.
Excavate, cart and fill (freehaul) = $5/ms.
Excavate, cart and fill (overhaui) = $07ms.
Removal of surpius to tip from chainage zero = $A7ms
Removal of surplus to tip from chainage 9OO = $9/mz
(13 marks)

Chainage (m) 0 75 150

Volumes between sections (m3) +525 +700

150 225 300 J/J 450 52s

+400 -225 -500 -1150 - 1175

52s 600 675 750 825 900

-600 +275 +975 +87 5 +700

SECTION B

2
PAPER NO: 578/S03 - CIVIL ENGINEERING COIVSTRUCTION

PAVEMENT CONSTRUCION AND QUARRYING

OUESTION 2

a) Discuss the critical factors you consider when designing a road to

Iink two cities. The road will be a dual carriage way and the total
road reserve being 40m. (4 marks)

b) trxplain the following terms:

i) Critical length of grade.

ii) Safe stopping sight distance.
iii) Equivalency factor. (3 marks)

c) You have been asked to be a consultant for a company wishing to

establish a quarry in Mutare. There are tleree sites which might be
suitable. Discuss the factors yon would consider to come up with
the best site. (4 marks)

d) Explain the following terms commonly used in drilling rock.

i) Jack hammer.
ii) Wagon drill. (2 marks)

e) The traffic data for a proposed road is as follows:

Average daily traffic = 2000 vehicles per day of which 3O%

are heavy vehicles.
Number of axsles per heavy vehicle = 2,6.
Mean 80kN equivalency factor per axle = O,256.
Annual growth rate of traffic = B%
The road is to be constructed in the Eastern Highlands.

Calculate the design traffrc for a design life of:

i) 10 years (growth factor = 5 300).

ii) 20 years (growth factor = 16 700). (7 marks)

3
PAPER NO: 578/S03 - CIViL trNGINEERING CONSTRUCTION

SECTION C

CONCRETE

OUESTION 3

a) You have realised that concrete has developed some cracks on the
surface 7 days after mixing and that there are also voids. Suggest
the causes for these problems and the remedial solutions.
(4 marks)

b) A set of 10 concrete cubes were tested for strength with the

following results given in Nf mmz 27;26;25;26;24;28;25;23;27 and
29.

i) Calculate the target mean strength and standard deviation.

iil Calculate the target mean strength if a characteristic
strength of 25MPa was specified and the current margin is
1,64 times the standard deviation. (4 marks)

c) A concrete mix is to be designed for the columns and pad footings

of a building. The specified characteristic strength is 30 MPa.
Quality control is good and the standard deviation is 1.4MPa. The
required slump is 50mm. The following data is given:

i) Ordinary Portland cement density = 3140kg/m3.

ii) Moisture content of aggregates = 2ok.
iii) Coarse aggregate density = 26 7OOkglm3.
i,r) Fine aggregate density = 2 6OOkglrn3.
v) Stone size = 20mm.
vi) Fineness modulus of sand = 3,0.
vii) Concrete is mechanically vibrated.
viii) Air content = O,4ok.

Using the design charts attached calculate the quantities of each

material per m3 of concrete. Batching is by both volume and mass.
(12 marks)

4
PAPtrR NO: 578/S03 - CIVIL ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION

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PAPtrR NO: 578/S03 - CIVIL ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

OUESTION 4

a) You are required to develop a Solid Waste Management Plan for the
City of Muramba. Discuss the information you will include under:

il Objectives of the solid waste management system.

ii) The design of a communai container's transfer status and
sanitary handfills.
iii) Planning of collection routes.
ir) Pertinent problems encountered and solutions.
v) Factors that affect the generation rates of solid waste.
vi) Advantages and disadvantages of each collection system.
vii) Capacity buiiding. (15 marks)

b) Discuss the role of wastepapers in the re-cycling of constituency of

municipal solid wastes. (1 mark)

c) Draw a well labelled schematic diagram showing the

interrelationships of the various functional elements comprising a
solid waste management system. (4 marks)

6
 I
PAPER NO: 578/S03 - CIVIL ENGINETRiNG CONSTRUCTION

SECTION E

CIVIL ENGINEERTNG QUANTITIES

OUtrSTION 5

a) Explain the foilowing terms:

i) Security deposit.
ii) Tender.
iii) Prime cost.
iv) Schedule of rates contract. (4 marks)

b) i) Define a bill of Quantities.

ii) Discuss any three uses of a Biil of Quantities. (4 marks)

Fig QSC shows a screen wall. Prepare a "take off sheet" and a bill
of quantities for the project. The wall is 4m long. All dimensions
are in millimetres. (12 marks)

7
 PAPER NO: 57BlS03 - CIVIL ENGINEtrRING CONSTRUCTION

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PSPSR I!Q: 5?$1S0, CIY1,t &NQ1I{EEEING CoNSrSUCrioN

ou"EsTlor.{ i
a) 12 concrete cubes were tested lor crushing strenglh at 28 days after
casting. Tbre cubes are of dimensionsl50mm. The follou'ing loacis rvere
r:ecrirded at failure : 600 kN; 680kN; B00kN; 820 kN; 69OkN; 640kN;
650kN; 690kN; 625kN; 70fikN; 600kN a:rc1 620kN

ii Calculate the mean streng*r and standard deviaticn-

iii Calculate the targe t mean st.rer:gth if the characteristic strength of

, 28fu1Pa u,as specified ancl the currer:t margin is 1,64 times rhe
standard deviation. (5 marks)

b) $tare the uses of Lhe foift:wilg cortcrete gracies: 7; 15; 20 antl 5{J'
(2 marks)

c) i) Define the term admixture in concrete technerlogv*.

iii) Discues the application of anli tr*'o qdrnixtures in cont:rsle v;ork'

(3 rnarksi

d) You have been assigoed to design a trial concr€te anix for a proposed
Supermarkei in Har-are. Quality contml is good and the standard
- deviation is t,6MPa. The specified characteristic srength at28 dais is
3OIvIPa. The following data is given'

. Ordinarv Portland cement densiq.' = 3140kg/nT3

lv{oisture content of aggregates = 0,6&
water cement ratio = 0.68
j'n:'t -:r. :rr!-r:ir:i
- _ bi)^ t f. tlt,nSitl * 2700k9/m3
!:i n e irgr:: cg.r tt: clcnsi13' = 2600kg/m:
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\.rt {.r-Jr1lr.- LL =i.,1/o

Siont culrt(-rlt - i 130 kgf rn:i

\Yater ;'equirener:1: = 2l0lilreslm3
13a.tching is b-v br:LLr vr:1'*rne atrd rxtl$s pel SLlkg bag ol ir1neil1.
i 10 nr arl<s)

2
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'ihe vr;lurnes of cut anrcl fii1 fo: the Mu1-are to Chladz:a'a Ciamond mine is as
follows:

QHATHAGE I vol,umn UHIT vOtUME $,,ILL i BULK/SHRIT'IK

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100 700 2

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(listanc(' :s 2ir0;n
and
a) Cr:rnputc the aggregal-e yolurnes of earth invoivccl ;ij- e;ich chairiagc
' pLcrt a nrarss-]-rau1 diagi;:nl. i15 m:rrksi

bl Sirircte the areas in<lir::atir:6i i'reehaul a.nd r''verhaul {3 rnarks}

CJ l'i l:or,r' d ireci"i on o t haui lt n d clu atrti ties i nvoh'ed' {2 marks}

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A concret.r: ig t<; be batchecl b'y r';eight and the de:t-irils of quar,Llies

irrvr:1ved are a.s fclloi.vs:

i M*letia"l $/eieht 1 $peci-fic &ravi

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lii-13c .aggleg;tc , ?iU ?,6?
Crlij:cii'L 125 :.jl0

The fine aggregale has a rrrrrislure conteilt af Sbla calculate as a percerrtage ol

tire ,xeight and is ir"rcluded in the 250k9.

Ca.lculate the following:

a) the actual weight of water presellt in the ccncrete nrix {3 mark*i

b) the actual u,eight of fme aggregate (3 nrarks]

c) the yield in m3 if the concrete is thoroughly raixed and 100 perceni

compacticn is obtained.. {3 marks)

rlt the density of the wet concrete. {3 marksi

(:l
. *te densi{v of the dry concrete if a O.25 water/cement ratio iu r:cc*s*ary
for cornplete hydration assumilg t]-at all excess u,ater sYitporate$.
(4 marksi
,
E Technc,logically describe ,,ajhy anrl how desig:r:r mix concrete is cur*d.
(4 r::arksi

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ZIMBABWE

MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND TERTIARY EDUCATION

HIGHER EDUCATION EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL
(HExco)

NATIONAL DIPLOMA
IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING

SUBJECT: Civil Engineering Construction PAPER NO: 578/SO3

ocToBER/ NOVEMBER 2OL2 EXAMINATION

REQUIREMENTS

L. Answer booklet
2. Scientific calculator
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATE
1. Answer all questions.
2. AII questions carry equal marks.
3. Start each question on a fresh page.

This paper consists of 4 printed pdges.

EARTHWORKS

QUtrSTION 1

a) You have been asked to carry out earthworks using modern

machinery along the Mutare to chiad zwa road, construction
project.

i) calculate the output per hour of a scraper with a bowl

capacity of 2,5m3, operating time factor of O.g, swell 12%o,
and cycle time is 7min. (5 marks)
ii) what is the scraper's production output per day of gyz hours
if it can be loaded on to 85% of bulk capacity? (5 marks)
b) Calculate the output per hour of a bulldozer with a mould board of
3m wide x 1m high. Assume that the bulldozer has a cycle time per
trip of 2.3 minutes and actualry operates for 50 min. Assume that
the loose material infront of blade slopes at 1,5m and swell is2Oyo.
(5 marks)

c) Describe the followrng earthwork terms:

i) Consolidation (1 mark)
ii) Stockpiling (1 mark)
iii) Waste (1 mark)
ir) Bank voiume (1 mark)
v) Winch (1 mark)
PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION AND QUARRYING

QUtrSTION 2

a) Yor-r are to give a lecture on pavement construction.

use sl<etches in cross section to illustrate the difference between

flexible pavement and rigid pavement. (10 marks)

b) Give your understanding of the following terms:

i) Super elevation (2 marks)

ii) Camber (2 marks)
iii) Safe sight stopping distance (2 marks)

c) The traffic data for a proposed road is as follows:

- Total weighted annual traffic 2.9Smsa

- Yo of vehicles in heaviest traffic lane (p) 86%
- Design per-rod 2O years

Calculate the design traffic (T) for 20 years. (4 marks)

2
CONCRETE

OUtrSTiON 3

a) i) Scientificaily discuss why we cure design mix concrete under

very hot weather conditions (6 marks)

ii) why are civil works such as bridges and dam wal1s
constructed with a "factor of safety of 3,,? (4 marks)

b) Discuss at least two factors affecting each of the following in

concrete:

i) Strength (2 marks)
ii) Durabiiity (2 marks)
iii) Economy (2 marks)

c) Describe workability of concrete from an engineer,s point of view.

(4 marks)

CryIL ENGINEERING QUANTITIES

OUES'IION 4

a) Discuss the distinct stages undertaken when making up a priced

bill of quantities (9 marks)

b) Describe iive points which illustrate the signilicance of a B.o.e in

the construction industry. (5 marks)

c) Discuss the difference between a measured bill and a day work bill.
(6 marks)

3
SOLID WAS?E MANAGEMENT

OUESTION 5

a) suggest in outline form a waste management system which can be

recommended for Marange Diamond rown. (10 marks)
b) You as a city engineer has Lreen visited by National Diploma civil
Engineering students on attachment. How wouid you explain the
following common terms?

i) Garbage (1 mark)
ii) Deblis (1 mark)
iii) Leachate (1 mark)
ir) Incineration (1 mark)
v) Commingled waste (1 mark)
c) Identify any five factors considered for the final location of a
sanitary landfill. (5 marks)

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4
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ZIMBABWE

MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND TERTIARY EDUCATION

HIGHER EDUCATION EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL
(HExco)

NATIONAL DIPLOMA
IN

CIVIL ENGINEERING

SUBJECT: Civil Engineering Construction II PAPER NO; 578/SO3

MARCH/APRIL 2O1 3 EXAMINATION

REQUIREMENTS
1. Answer hooklet.
2. Scientilic Calculator.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATE
L. Answer ALL questions.

2. AII questions carxy equal marks.

3. Start each question on a fresh page.

This paper consists of 5 printed pages,

PAPER NO: 578/503 - CIVIL ENGINEERiNG CONSTRUCTION

OUESTION 1

EARTHWORKS

a) Describe the uses of the followrng machines:

i) Bulldozer (1 mark)
ii) Grader (1 mark)
iii) Wi.nch (1 mark)
iv) Sheepsfoot (1 mark)
v) Dragline (1 mark)

b) Volumes of cut and fill for a proposed road are as follows:

Chainage Vol cut (ms) Volflll (ms) Bulking factor

50 360
100 180
150 220
200 200 BO l.t
250 320 1.1
300 300 1.1
350 250 1.1
400 194 1.1
450 200 1.1
500 50 40 1.1
550 70
600 350
650 215
700 150

Compute the aggregate volumes of earthworks involved at

each chainage point. (9 marks)

Plot a mass haul diagram. (4 marks)

iii) Show directions of haul and quantities involved. (2 marks)

2
 OUESTIOIV 2

PAVEIIIENT CONSTRUCTION AND QUARRYING

a) The traffic data for a proposed road is as follows:

Average daily traffic 3 000

ok age of heavy vehicles
35%
Average number of axles/hear,y vehicies 2.s
lvlean 80kN eqr_rivalency factor 0.256
Regional climatic factor O.B

Determine the design traffic for a design life of:

i) 10 years (5 marks)
ii) 20 years (5 marks)

b) Define the following quarrying terms:

i) Pre-splitting (1 mark)
ii) Explosive ratio (1 mark)
iii) Overburden (1 mark)
iv) Quarry face (1 rnark)
v) Cordex (1 mark)

c) Discuss five cardinal factors considered when locating a quarry

sire. (5 marks)
 q

PAPER NO: 578/S03 - CIVIL ENGINEERiNG CONSTRUCTION

OUESTION 3

CONCRETE

a) Calculate the actuai weight of water and fine aggregate present in

the concrete design mix given the follor,ving data.

Course aggregate 600kg

Fine aggregate 300kg
Cement 15Okg
Water 50kg

N. B. Fine aggregate has a moisture content of.7.Soh calculated as a

percentage of the wet weight and is included in the 300kg,
(9 marks)

b) The terminologr of designlng concrete for a specified purpose is

concrete mix design. Describe any five points to remember when
r,vorking on concrete mix design. (5 marks)

c) i) Describe in detail how the cube test is conducted at a

construction site. (4 marks)

ii) What is the significance of the cube test results?

(2 marks)

OUESTION 4

CIVIL ENGINEERING QUANTITIES

a) il Define a bill of quantities. (4 marks)

ii) Discr-rss any three uses of a bill of quantities. (6 marks)

b) A site agent puts in a claim for extra expense and delays resulting
from negligent work by one of his subcontractors. What would be
the result of this claim? (6 marks)

c) Explain the difference between provisional quantities and

provisional sums. (4 marks)

+A
 T
PAPER NO: 578/S03 - Ci\iIL ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION

OUEST]ON 5

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

a) Describe r,vith examples the difference among trash, refuse, garbage

and rubbish. (6 marks)

b) Flarare City Council is taking a stance to ruthlessly deal with solid

waste collection and disposal backlog. Describe any three
characteristics of an optimum route to be observed. (9 marks)

c) Complete the follor,ving solid waste management abbreviations:

i) NISW (1 mark)
ii) MWlVI (1 mark)
iii) MSWLF {1 mark)
ir) C & D Waste (1 mark)
v) TSDF (1 mark)

... liL