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TRIANGLES

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81 views6 pages

TRIANGLES

Good excellent for preparation of boards will help to earn approximately 80+

Uploaded by

randombird45
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TRIANGLES

GRADE X
Conditions for Similarity of Two Triangles
Two triangles are said to be similar triangles,
• If their corresponding angles are equal.
• If their corresponding sides are in the same proportion/ratio.
The two triangles are said to be similar triangles, if
• ∠A = ∠D, ∠B = ∠E, ∠C = ∠F
• AB/DE = BC/EF = CA/FD
In this scenario, we can say that the two triangles ABC and DEF are similar.

AAA Similarity Criterion for Two Triangles


The Angle-Angle-Angle (AAA) criterion for the similarity of
triangles states that “If in two triangles, corresponding angles are
equal, then their corresponding sides are in the same ratio (or
proportion) and hence the two triangles are similar”.

Proof:
Consider two triangles ABC and DEF, such that ∠A = ∠D, ∠B = ∠E and
∠C = ∠F as shown in the figure.
AAA Similarity Criterion for Two Triangles Con…
Now, cut DP= AB and DQ= AC and join PQ.
Hence, we can say that a triangle ABC is congruent to the triangle DPQ.

(i.e) ∆ ABC ≅ ∆ DPQ, which gives ∠B = ∠P = ∠E and also, the line PQ is parallel to EF.

Therefore, by using the basic proportionality theorem, we can write


DP/PE = DQ/QF.

(i.e) AB/DE = AC/DF. …(1)

Similarly,
AB/DE = BC/EF …(2)

From (1) and (2), we can write:


AB/DE = BC/EF = AC/DF.

Therefore, the two triangles ∆ ABC and ∆ DEF are similar.


SSS Similarity Criterion for Two Triangles
The Side-Side-Side (SSS) criterion for similarity of two triangles states that “If in two
triangles, sides of one triangle are proportional to (i.e., in the same ratio of ) the sides of
the other triangle, then their corresponding angles are equal and hence the two triangles
are similar”.
Proof:
It is observed that DP/PE = DQ/QF and also in the triangle DEF, the line PQ is parallel to the
line EF.

So, ∠P = ∠E and ∠Q = ∠F.


Hence, we can write: DP/DE = DQ/DF= PQ/EF.
The above expression is written as
DP/DE = DQ/DF=BC/EF.
It means that PQ = BC.

Hence, the triangle ABC is congruent to the triangle DPQ.


(i.e) ∆ ABC ≅ ∆ DPQ.

Thus, by using the AAA criterion for similarity of the triangle, we can say that
∠A = ∠D, ∠B = ∠E and ∠C = ∠F.
Angle Bisector Theorem
Proof:
CD/DB = CA/AE (since AD//BE) —-(1)

∠4 = ∠1 [corresponding angles]
∠1 = ∠2 [AD bisects angle CAB]
∠2 = ∠3 [Alternate interior angles]
∠3 = ∠4 [By transitive property]

ΔABE is an isosceles triangle with AE=AB

Now if we replace AE by AB in equation 1, we get;


CD/DB = CA/AB

Hence proved.
Q1. In fig., if ∆ ABC ~ ∆ DEF and their sides are of the lengths(in cm)
as marked along their sides, then find the lengths of the sides of
each triangle?

Characteristic Properties
P1 – If two triangles are equiangular, then the ratio of the corresponding sides is same as
the ratio of the corresponding medians.
P2 – If two triangles are equiangular, then the ratio of the corresponding sides is same as
the ratio of the corresponding angle bisector segment.
P3 – If two triangles are equiangular, then the ratio of the corresponding sides is same as
the ratio of the corresponding altitudes.
P4 – If one angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of another triangle and the bisectors
of the equal angles divide the opposite sides in the same ratio, then the triangles are
similar.
P5 – If two sides and a median bisecting one of these sides of a triangle are respectively
proportional to the two sides and the corresponding median of another tringle, then the
triangles are similar.
P6 – If two sides and a median bisecting the third sides of a triangle are respectively
proportional to the corresponding sides and the median of another tringle, then the
triangles are similar.

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