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Lecture 5

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4 views

Lecture 5

Uploaded by

Srijani Goswami
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Technical document preparation with LaTeX?

With hands on experience

Kaushik Roy

West Bengal State University, Barasat


[email protected]

May 29, 2024

Kaushik Roy (WBSU) LaTeX May 29, 2024 1 / 17


Outline

1 Introduction to LATEX

2 Text formatting

3 Figure & Tables

4 Mathematics & Algorithm

5 Reference & Cross Reference

6 Advanced features of LATEX

7 Presentation using LATEX

8 Drawing Figures
Kaushik Roy (WBSU) LaTeX May 29, 2024 2 / 17
Symbols

• To use equation and other mathematical environments


mathematical symbols are needed.
• All mathematics must appear in maths mode
• For symbols to be used mathematical environment and names are
required.
• $$ is the mathematical environment
• \name, where name names the symbol
• \leq for ≤
• \pi for π
• \infty for ∞

Kaushik Roy (WBSU) LaTeX May 29, 2024 3 / 17


Math environment

The math environment may be specified, as with all environments, by

\beginmath
math equation
\endmath

However, it is used so often that it has two equivalent shorter forms:

\( math equation \) or just

$ math equation $

In LaTeX2e one can also use

\ensuremath{math equation}

Kaushik Roy (WBSU) LaTeX May 29, 2024 4 / 17


Inserting Equations & Mathematical Symbols

• If a mathematical expression appears in a line of normal text, use


a dollar symbol $ to start and to end the mathematics.

Kaushik Roy (WBSU) LaTeX May 29, 2024 5 / 17


Inserting Equations & Mathematical Symbols

• If a mathematical expression appears in a line of normal text, use


a dollar symbol $ to start and to end the mathematics.
• This ensures that the lines are kept as narrow as possible to avoid
LATEXhaving to change line spacing drastically.

Kaushik Roy (WBSU) LaTeX May 29, 2024 5 / 17


Inserting Equations & Mathematical Symbols

• If a mathematical expression appears in a line of normal text, use


a dollar symbol $ to start and to end the mathematics.
• This ensures that the lines are kept as narrow as possible to avoid
LATEXhaving to change line spacing drastically.

\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
Sample symbol $ α $ is as a equation in text
\end{document}

Kaushik Roy (WBSU) LaTeX May 29, 2024 5 / 17


Inserting Equations & Mathematical Symbols

• If a mathematical expression appears in a line of normal text, use


a dollar symbol $ to start and to end the mathematics.
• This ensures that the lines are kept as narrow as possible to avoid
LATEXhaving to change line spacing drastically.

\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
Sample symbol $ α $ is as a equation in text
\end{document}

Output
Sample symbol α is as a equation in text

Kaushik Roy (WBSU) LaTeX May 29, 2024 5 / 17


Equation
• Quite regularly, one needs equations with aligned equality signs.
The environment eqnarray is used for this.
• Separate lines using \\ and the left hand side, equality, and right
hand side of the equations using &.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}
Output
\begin{equation}
\label{tab:my label}
\begin{split} πr 2
A=
A & = \frac{\pi r2̂}{2} 2 (1)
& = \frac{1}{2} \pi r2̂ 1 2
= πr
\end{split} 2
\end{equation}
\end{document}
Kaushik Roy (WBSU) LaTeX May 29, 2024 6 / 17
Equation (contd.)

• Spacing is ignored in math mode – $x y$ gives the same result as


$xy$.
• If you need to escape from math mode to include normal text (eg
for the name of a function) use the command \mbox{text} (eg
$en̂+\mbox{fibonacci}(n+1)$)
• Never use math mode to emphasise text – because $different$
gives different , not different !

Kaushik Roy (WBSU) LaTeX May 29, 2024 7 / 17


Equation (contd.)
• Quite regularly, one needs equations with aligned equality signs.
The environment eqnarray is used for this.
• Separate lines using \\, and the left hand side, equality, and right
hand side of the equations using &.
\begin{eqnarray} a 0 &=& 1 \\ a {n+1} &=& 2\times a n
\end{eqnarray}

Output

a0 = 1 (2)
an+1 = 2 × an (3)

Output
Note that the equations are numbered. If you don’t want this feature,
use the eqnarray* environment instead
Kaushik Roy (WBSU) LaTeX May 29, 2024 8 / 17
Algorithm

To typeset algorithms or pseudocode in LATEXyou can use one of the


following options:
• Choose ONE of the (algpseudocode OR algcompatible OR
algorithmic) packages to typeset algorithm bodies, and the
algorithm package for captioning the algorithm.
• The algorithm2e package.

Kaushik Roy (WBSU) LaTeX May 29, 2024 9 / 17


Sample Algorithm

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{algpseudocode}
\begin{algorithmic}
Output
\State $ i \gets 10$ i ← 10
\If{$i \geq 5$} if i ≥ 5 then
i ←i −1
\State $ i \gets i-1$
else
\Else \If{$i \lq 3$} if i ≤ 3 then
i ←i +2
\State $ i \gets i+2$ end if
\Endif end if
\Endif
\end{algorithmic}

Kaushik Roy (WBSU) LaTeX May 29, 2024 10 / 17


Another algorithm with Caption

Kaushik Roy (WBSU) LaTeX May 29, 2024 11 / 17


Algorithm with line number

1: i ← 10
2: if i ≥ 5 then
3: i ←i −1
4: else ▷ This is a comment
5: if i ≤ 3 then
6: i ←i +2
7: end if
8: end if

Kaushik Roy (WBSU) LaTeX May 29, 2024 12 / 17


Outline

1 Introduction to LATEX

2 Text formatting

3 Figure & Tables

4 Mathematics & Algorithm


Equation

5 Reference & Cross Reference

6 Advanced features of LATEX

7 Presentation using LATEX

8 Drawing Figures

Kaushik Roy (WBSU) LaTeX May 29, 2024 13 / 17


Outline

1 Introduction to LATEX

2 Text formatting

3 Figure & Tables

4 Mathematics & Algorithm


Equation

5 Reference & Cross Reference

6 Advanced features of LATEX

7 Presentation using LATEX

8 Drawing Figures

Kaushik Roy (WBSU) LaTeX May 29, 2024 14 / 17


Outline

1 Introduction to LATEX

2 Text formatting

3 Figure & Tables

4 Mathematics & Algorithm


Equation

5 Reference & Cross Reference

6 Advanced features of LATEX

7 Presentation using LATEX

8 Drawing Figures

Kaushik Roy (WBSU) LaTeX May 29, 2024 15 / 17


Outline

1 Introduction to LATEX

2 Text formatting

3 Figure & Tables

4 Mathematics & Algorithm


Equation

5 Reference & Cross Reference

6 Advanced features of LATEX

7 Presentation using LATEX

8 Drawing Figures

Kaushik Roy (WBSU) LaTeX May 29, 2024 16 / 17


Exercise

1 Show use of equation both in line and using equation number


2 show an example algorith

Kaushik Roy (WBSU) LaTeX May 29, 2024 17 / 17

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