Growth of India

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 Growth of India

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is a pivotal driver of economic growth, fostering development and
innovation worldwide. Likewise, FDI in India plays an instrumental role in shaping the country’s
economic landscape.

 India remains a favoured destination for global investors, as per the United Nations
Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) World Investment Report. The report for
2023 disclosed that India secured the third-highest foreign direct investment (FDI) for new
greenfield projects in 2022.
 In this post, we discuss the significance of FDI in India in detail.
 FDI regulations in India

India offers an automatic route for FDI in several sectors, simplifying the investment process for
foreign investors in India. However, certain sectors require government approval, and FDI caps
and conditions vary from one industry to another. Strict reporting requirements, in line with the
Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA), are in place to ensure transparency in foreign
investments in India.

 Government bodies regulating FDI

FDI in India are subject to regulation and oversight by various government bodies, such as

 Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT)- DPIIT formulates and
implements policies to promote and regulate foreign investment in India across sectors.
 Reserve Bank of India (RBI)- RBI manages the monetary aspects of foreign investments in
India.
 Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)- SEBI regulates FDI in the capital market.

 Key policy changes and reforms

The Startup India program offers incentives and tax benefits to startups, helping in their
momentous growth. This makes the tech and innovation sector an appealing investment for
foreign investors in India. Moreover, simplified processes, like single-window clearance and the
Goods and Services Tax (GST) implementation, have eased the bureaucratic burden on
businesses and foreign investors in India, thereby enhancing the ease of business in the country.

FDI routes in India

There are two FDI routes in India designed to safeguard India’s security and national interests.
The government employs these routes as a means to promote foreign investment in India in
particular sectors, and these FDI routes in India also empower foreign investors in India to
choose the pathway that aligns with their business objectives and ensures compliance with
India’s regulations.

Automatic route

The automatic route allows foreign investors in India to invest in sectors without requiring prior
approval from Indian authorities. Under this route, investors are only required to notify the
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) within a specified time frame.

This route is designed to promote ease of doing business and attract foreign capital, making it
particularly attractive for sectors open to higher FDI limits or do not have specific security
concerns.

Government route

The government route necessitates prior approval from the Indian government or relevant
ministries for foreign investors in India. This route is typically reserved for sectors that involve
national security, strategic interests, or have specific regulatory concerns.

This route helps the government maintain control over sensitive areas of the economy while still
allowing foreign investments in India on a case-by-case basis.

 FDI in India inflows over the last ten years

The table below provides the FDI in India inflows over the past decade, with data sourced from
UNCTAD

Financial year Total FDI inflow

(April-March) (US $) %of GDP

2013. 28.19B 1.52%

2014 34.58B. 1.70%

2015. 44.06B 2.09%

2016 44.48B 1.94%

2017 39.90B 1.51%

2018. 42.15B 1.56%

2019 50.55B 1.78%

2020 64.07B. 2.41%

2021. 44.73B 1.42%

2022 49.35B 1.47%

India’s foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows have increased over the years:

2013-14: $36 billion


2014-15: $45.15 billion

2016-17: $60.22 billion

2021-22: $85 billion

2022-23: $71 billion (provisional figure)

2023: Rs 49.93 lakh crore

Factors affecting FDI inflows

Factors influencing FDI inflows are essential considerations for any nation seeking to attract and
optimise foreign capital. The key factors affecting inflows of foreign investments in India include-

1. Economic stability
2. Regulatory environment
3. Sectoral policies
4. Political stability
5. Infrastructure

Summary

Foreign direct investment in India is a major monetary source for economic development in
India. Foreign companies invest directly in fast growing private auspicious businesses to take
benefits of cheaper wages and changing business environment of India.

Foreign direct investments (FDIs) are substantial, lasting investments made by a company or
government into a foreign concern. FDI investors typically take controlling positions in domestic
firms or joint ventures and are actively involved in their management.

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