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CHN 2 Chapter 7

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300 views22 pages

CHN 2 Chapter 7

Uploaded by

kwon nana
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Nursing Care of the Community

CHAPTER 7: THE NURSING PROCESS IN THE CARE OF THE


COMMUNITY
Topic : WEEK 4,5,6
Prepared by: Janet J Gui RN MN
References : Famorca,Nies, Mc Ewen 2019
Chapter Outline

• Principles of Community Health Care


• Conditions in the Community Affecting
Health
• Characteristics of a Healthy Community
• Nursing Process in Community Health Care
– Community Assessment
– Community Diagnosis
– Community Health Planning and
Implementation
– Evaluation of Community Health Interventions
Objectives

• Upon completion of this chapter, the reader


will be able to do the following:
• Illustrate the principles of community
health nursing.
• Describe conditions affecting the health of a
given community.
• Recognize characteristics of a healthy
community.
• Utilize the nursing process in managing
community health concerns.
Principles of Community Health Nursing
Adapted from the 8 Principles of Public Health by the American Nurses Association (2007)

1. Focus on the community as the unit of


care.
2. Give priority to community needs.
3. Work with the community as an equal
partner of the health team.
4. In selecting appropriate activities, focus on
primary prevention.
5. Promote a healthful physical and
psychosocial environment.
Principles of Community Health Nursing
Adapted from the 8 Principles of Public Health by the American Nurses Association (2007)

6. Reach out to all who may benefit from a


specific service.
7. Promote optimum use of resources.
8. Collaborate with others working in the
community.
Conditions in the Community Affecting Health

1. People
▪ include size, density, composition, rate of
growth or decline, cultural characteristics,
mobility, social class and educational level
2. Location
▪ Including natural (i.e., geographic features,
flora & fauna) and man-made variables
3. Social System
▪ include the family, economic, educational,
communication, political, legal, religious,
recreational, and the health systems (Allender,
et al., 2009)
Characteristics of a Healthy Community
Adapted from Hunt, 1997 and Duhl, 2002

▪ A shared sense of being a community


based on history and values
▪ A general feeling of empowerment and
control over matters that affect the
community as a whole
▪ Existing structures that allow subgroups to
participate in decision-making in
community matters
▪ The ability to cope with change, solve
problems, and manage conflicts within
acceptable means
Characteristics of a Healthy Community
Adapted from Hunt, 1997 and Duhl, 2002

▪ Open channels of communication and


cooperation among the members of the
community
▪ Equitable and efficient use of community
resources, with the view towards sustaining
natural resources.

A healthy community is in fact,


“The process of enabling people to increase
control over, and to improve, their health”.
- Ottawa Charter (WHO, 1986)
NURSING PROCESS IN COMMUNITY
HEALTH CARE
Assessing community health

Community Assessment is an essential


process for understanding the
community, identifying its needs or
weakness, and assets or strengths that
is useful to achieve healthy
communities.
Community Health Assessment –
termed as community health needs
assessment
Assessing community health

Community Health Assessment

Collect data on the three


categories of community
health determinants:
people, place, and social
system
Community Assessment

Planned Approach to Community Health


(PATCH) is a community health planning
model that builds on a set of quantitative and
qualitative data for profiling.
▪ Approaches:
1. Comprehensive needs assessment -
2. Problem-oriented assessment – focused
Tools for Community Assessment

Primary Data Collection Secondary Data


Data that have not been gathered before What is already known; Taken from
and are collected by the nurse existing data sources

Observation Vital registries- birth,marriage


• Ocular/ Windshield Survey and deaths
• Participant Observation

Survey Health records and reports-


FHSIS
Informant Interview Disease registries
Community Forum Publications
• Print & Electronic
Focus Group Discussion Census Data
Community Diagnosis

▪ As a finding: A quantitative and qualitative


description of the health of citizens and the
factors which influence their health
▪ As a process: Determining a community’s
a) health status and factors responsible for it.
b) resources, and
c) health action potential or the likelihood that
the community will act to meet health needs
or resolve health problems
The Omaha System

Problem Classification Scheme

▪ Environment • Areas of • Identify • Cluster


al Concern if problem is: of signs
▪ Psychosocial under • Promotio and
▪ Physiological the 4 n sympto
▪ Health- domains • Potential ms that
related • Actual describe
behaviors • Level of the
clientele problem
Intervention Scheme

Problem Rating Scale for Outcomes


Planning Community Health Interventions

Planning is a logical process of decision-


making involving:

1. Priority-setting
2. Formulating goals and objectives
3. Deciding on community interventions
Priority-Setting

• Criteria
1. Significance of the problem
2. Level of community awareness
3. Ability to reduce risk
4. Cost of reducing risk
5. Ability to identify the target population
6. Availability of resources

• requires the joint effort of the community, the


nurse, and other stakeholders, such as other
members of the health team
Formulating Goals and Objectives
Deciding on Interventions

• GOAL
– desired outcome at the end of interventions

• OBJECTIVE
– short-term changes in the community that are
observed
– serve as instructions
– must be SMART

• CONSIDERATIONS
– demographic, psychological, social, cultural, and
economic characteristics of the target population VS.
health resources
Implementation

• Remember: process is intended to enhance


the community’s capability in dealing with
common health conditions/problems

• Implementation entails:
– Facilitating the process
– Coordinating the plan with the community
– Collaboration with other sectors and agencies
Evaluation

• Structure
– manpower and physical resources
• Process
– activities undertaken (assessment, diagnosis,
planning, implementation, and evaluation)
• Outcome
– degree of attainment of goals and objectives
• Standards
1. Utility 3. Propriety
2. Feasibility 4. Accuracy
Summary

• Community health work requires a


systematic process of ADPIE
• The ultimate goal of this process is a healthy
and empowered community.
• A nurse must work with the community as
an equal partner
• The nurse oversees the efficient use of
resources through the entire community
health process
Thank You
GOD BLESS YOU ALL

END OF CHAPTER

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