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Slides - Intro To ML

This provides the importance of Machine learning to give insights to clustering

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mofolukeakintayojo
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12 views7 pages

Slides - Intro To ML

This provides the importance of Machine learning to give insights to clustering

Uploaded by

mofolukeakintayojo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Machine Learning

Machine Learning

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Learning from Data

• Can we learn about the world around us using data?

• Model building from data

• Take data as input

• Find patterns in the data

• Summarize the pattern in a mathematically precise way

• Machine learning automates this model building.

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The Challenge

• Data unfortunately contains noise. If not, machine learning


would be trivial!

• Think of Data = Information + Noise

• The challenge is to identify the information content and


distill away the noise.

• To help do this, machine learning uses a train and test


approach.

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Over fitting Vs under fitting

• If the model we finish with ends up

• modeling the noise as well, we call it “over fitting” - bad


for prediction!

• not modeling all the information, we call it “under fitting” -


bad for prediction!

• The hope is that the model that does the best on testing
data manages to capture/model all the information but leave
out all the noise.

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Machine Learning tasks

1. Supervised learning: Building a mathematical model using


data that contains both the inputs and the desired outputs
(ground truth).

• Examples:

• Determining if an image has a horse. The data would


include images with and without the horse (the input),
and for each image we would have a label (the output)
indicating if there is a horse in that image.

• Determining is a client might default on a loan

• Determining if a call center employee is likely to quit

• Since we have desired outputs, model performance can


be evaluated by comparisons.

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Machine Learning Tasks

2. Unsupervised learning: Building a mathematical model


using data that contains only inputs and no desired outputs.

• Used to find structure in the data, like grouping or


clustering of data points. To discover patterns and group
the inputs into categories.

• Example: an advertising platform segments the


population into smaller groups with similar demographics
and purchasing habits. Helping advertisers reach their
target market with relevant ads.

• Since no labels are provided, there is no specific way to


compare model performance in most unsupervised
learning methods.

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Tools and techniques

• Supervised learning

• Regression: desired output is a continuous number

• Classification: desired output is a category

• Unsupervised learning

• Clustering: Grouping data

• Dimensionality reduction: Compressing data

• Association rule learning: If X then Y

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