Pharmaceutics-II MCQs

Industrial and Quality Control

1. Mixing is one of the most common pharmaceutical operations.
2. Equipment Used in Mixing Process Silverson Homogenizer-Type Mixer
3. Silverson Homogenizer is a mixer. With the help of this liquid mixture, suspensions, fluid emulsions, syrups can be
prepared.
4. V-Type mixer is used for large scale mixing of powder
5. Efficiency of V-type mixer largely depends on the speed of rotation.
6. V-Type mixer works on the principle of connective movement and shear mixing.
7. Size reduction is the process of reducing the particle size of a substance to a finer state
8. When the particle size of solids is reduced by mechanical means it is known as milling.
9. Equipments Used In Size Reduction Process hammer mill and ball mill.
10. Hammer mill is rapid in action, and is capable of grinding many different types of materials.
11. The ball mill is also known as a jar mill.
12. Most ball mills utilized in pharmacy are switch operated.
13. Drying is a mass transfer process consisting of the removal of water or another solvent by evaporation from a solid, semi-
solid or liquid.
14. Drying process is often used as a final production step before selling or packaging products.
15. Equipment Used In Drying Process belt dryer and vacuum tray dryer.
16. Belt dryer is especially suitable for drying raw materials that are good in breath-ability and in the shapes of piece, strip or
granules.
17. Belt dryer is also possible to dry the pasted raw material such as filter cake
18. Vacuum Tray Dryer is used mainly for drying of high grade, temperature and oxygen sensitive products.
19. Vacuum Tray Dryer is highly suitable for drying hygroscopic substances, which are dried to very low residual moisture,
content level.
20. The separation of solids from a liquid by means of porous medium or screen which retains the solids and allows the liquid to
pass is called filtration.
21. In the laboratory, filtration is often carried out using simple filtration apparatus or Buchner set.
22. Equipments Used In Filtration Process Vertical Pressure Leaf Filter and Tubular Centrifuge filter.
23. For filtration of liquids with suspended solid contents up to 7%. No filter clothe requirement.
24. Centrifugal force 20,000 times greater than gravity
25. In biological and pharmaceutical industries, TCF is used for capture of bacteria, retrieval of protein and recovery of cells and
removal of cell fractions.
26. During evaporation process the concentration, density, viscosity, and boiling point of the solution are raised.
27. In a supersaturated solution, the dissolved material precipitates out.
28. The boiling point of the solutions is always higher than the boiling point of the solvents
29. Equipments Used In Evaporation Process Falling Film Evaporator and Natural/Forced Circulation Evaporator
30. Falling Film Evaporator is generally made of long tubes (4–8 m or 13–26 ft in length), which are surrounded by steam
jackets.
31. The uniform distribution of the solution is important when using fallin film evaporator.
32. Falling Film evaporator is usually applied to highly viscous solutions,
33. In Natural/Forced Circulation Evaporator the amount of evaporation that takes place depends on the temperature difference
between the steam and the solution.
34. Rheology is the science concerned with the determination of material flow under the influence of stress,
35. Equipment Used In Rheology Process is Brookfield Viscometer
36. Brookfield Viscometer utilizes a spindle immersed in the sample and measure the resistance to movement of rotating part.
37. Various spindles and several rotational speeds are available for given viscosity range.
38. Pharmaceutical formulation, in pharmaceutics, is the process in which different chemical substances, including the active
drug, are combined to produce a final medicinal product.
39. The objective of the formulation project is to design and manufacture medicines that deliver the drug to the patient in the
required amount, to achieve the desired therapeutic benefit and better shelf life/ stability of the product.
40. Most common solid dosage forms are tablets and capsules.
41. Diluents (microcrystalline cellulose, lactose)
42. Lubricants (magnesium sterate, talc)
43. Disintegrants (MCC, Alginates)
44. Colorants (Titanium dioxide, Riboflavin)
45. Flavors and Sweeteners (sucrose, Mannitol, dextrose)
46. Wet granulation method widely employed method for the production of compressed tablets
47. . There is no use of solvent in dry granulation method
48. In dry granulation method granulation is formed not by moistening or adding a binding agent to the powdered mixture
49. Chemical substances occurring in granules form and having good adhesive properties can be compressed directly into tablets
without formation of granules
50. Capsules are dosage form containing unit doses of drugs
51. Hard gelatin capsule shells are manufactured in two sections, the capsule body and a shorter cap.
52. The non-medicated semi solid preparations are used for their physical effects as protectants
53. A wide range of raw materials is available for the preparation of a semisolid dosage form.
54. Semisolid dosage forms can exist as single-phase or multiple phase system
55. Most common semisolid dosage forms are ointments and creams
56. Ointments are greasy-semisolid preparation for application to the skin.
57. There are two most commonly used methods for the preparation of ointment Trituration or mechanical method and Fusion
method
58. In fusion method the ingredients are melted together in descending order of their melting points and stirred to ensure
homogeneity.
59. Creams are semi-solid emulsions usually for application to the skin.
60. Oil-in-water (O/W) creams which are composed of small droplets of oil dispersed in a continuous phase
61. Water-in-oil (W/O) creams which are composed of small droplets of water dispersed in a continuous oily phase
62. A primary emulsion can be prepared by various methods.
63. Liquid dosage form generally consists of drug (or drugs) together with a varying number of other substances called
excipients
64. Syrups are concentrated aqueous preparations of sugar or sugar substitute with or without flavoring agents and medicinal
agents.
65. Some syrups may also contain special solvents, solubilizing agents and thickeners
66. Parenteral dosage forms are free from contaminating microorganisms.
67. From the clinical point of view, all parenteral preparations must be pyrogen-free.
68. Sterilization is necessary for the complete destruction or removal of all microorganisms
69. The efficacy of any sterilization process will depend on the nature of the product
70. in the preparation of solutions, one or more solvents are used to dissolve the drug substance
71. flavors and sweeteners are used to make the product more attractive and acceptable
72. preservatives may be added to prevent microbial growth
73. stabilizers, such as antioxidants and chelating agents, may be used to prevent decomposition
74. lubricants to assist smooth tablet formation
75. disintegrating agents to promote tablet breakup after administration
76. coatings to improve stability, control disintegration, or enhance appearance.
77. A preservative is a naturally occurring or synthetically produced substance that is added to products to prevent or inhibit the
growth of microorganisms to avoid the degradation of the product/ medicinal product,
78. Common preservatives Benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, quaternary ammonium salts, Butylparaben, Methyl paraben,
Chlorobutanol
79. Oxidation is a chemical process that transfers electrons from one substance to another and can produce free radicals.
80. Free radicals can damage the body's cells or cause cell death
81. According to the National Cancer Institute, free radical cell damage may lead to cancer.
82. Antioxidants are used to reduce the oxidation of active substances and excipients in the finished product.
83. Common antioxidants are ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate and sodium bisulfate.
84. The excipients used to solubilize drugs in oral and inject able dosage forms are called solubilizers.
85. Solubilizer is used to improve the solubilization of hydrophobic substances and to increase bioavailability.
86. Suspending Agents used in pharmaceutical suspensions to increase viscosity.
87. Suspending agents also act as thickening agents
88. The stability of the suspensions depends on the types of suspending agents rather than the physical properties of the drugs.
89. Buffers are used to resist change in pH upon dilution or addition of acid or alkali
90. Buffer solutions are used in fermentation processes
91. Majority of biological samples that are used in research are made in buffers.
92. Stabilizer is a chemical, which tends to inhibit the reaction between two or more other chemicals.
93. In which product is placed is called container
94. Closure, which seals the container to exclude oxygen, carbon dioxide, moisture, bacteria
95. Carton or outer are used for secondary protection against mechanical and environmental hazards and also serves for display
of written information.
96. Packaging has a crucial (involving a big decision) impact on the efficiency of transport, handling and storage of goods.
97. The packaging should give clear identification of the product at all stages.
98. The use of paperboard materials (cellulose fiber) is very important part of pharmaceutical packaging.
99. Carton therefore tends to be a traditional of pharmaceutical packaging
100. Rubber components may be made from either natural or synthetic sources.
101. Natural rubber has got good resealing
102. The main types of rubber used for pharmaceutical products include natural rubber.
103. Rubber gaskets are also sound in aerosols and metered-dose pump systems.
104. Glass is commonly used in pharmaceutical packaging because it possesses superior protective qualities.
105. Metal allows high-speed automatic filling operations
106. The inner surface of the lead tubes is coated and is used for products like fluoride toothpaste.
107. In some industries quality control would mean that the end product should come up to certain standards of quality.
108. The main goal of quality control in pharmaceuticals is the assurance of safety in the use by the patients.
109. Drug manufacturers are primarily responsible to ensure quality, safety and efficacy of their products
110. Quality control of pharmaceuticals done at four stages…
111. The national drug regulatory authorities are responsible to ensure and supervise that manufacturers and importers fulfill their
responsibility in making standard medicine.