2) Functions and Graphs
2) Functions and Graphs
2) Functions and Graphs
P 10 A student attempts to solve the equation |3x + 4| = x. The student writes the following working:
3x + 4 = x −(3x + 4) = x
4 = − 2x or −3x − 4 = x
x = −2 −4 = 4x
x= −1
Solutions are x = −2 and x = −1.
Challenge
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Chapter 2
__
If the domain were all of the real numbers, ℝ, then y = √ x would not be a function because values of
x less than 0 would not be mapped anywhere.
If you restrict the domain to x > 0, every element in the domain is mapped to exactly one element in
the range.
Notation You can also write this function as:
We can write this function
__
together with its __
√ f : x ↦ √ x , x ∈ ℝ, x > 0
domain as f(x) = x , x ∈ ℝ, x > 0.
Example 7
O x x
Example 8
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Functions and graphs
b g(x) = x2, {−5 < x < 5} The domain is the set of all the x-values that
y correspond to points on the graph. The range is
the set of y-values that correspond to points on
25
y =g(x) the graph.
–5 O 5 x
1
1 Calculate h(3) = __ to find the minimum value in
3 1
3 the range of h. As x approaches 0, __
x approaches
∞, so there is no maximum value in the range of h.
O 3 x
1
Range of h(x) is h(x) > __
3
h(x) is one-to-one.
Example 9
Notation This is an example of a piecewise-
The function f(x) is defined by
defined function. It consists of two parts: one
f: x ↦ { 2
5 − 2x, x < 1 linear (for x < 1) and one quadratic (for x > 1).
x + 3, x > 1
y
29
Chapter 2
Problem-solving
O x
The positive solution is where Use x2 + 3 = 19 to find the solution in the range
x2 + 3 = 19 x > 1 and use 5 − 2x = 19 to find the solution in
the range x , 1.
x2 = 16
x = ±4
x=4 Ignore x = −4 because the function is only equal
The negative solution is where to x2 + 3 for x > 1.
5 − 2x = 19
−2x = 14
x = −7
The solutions are x = 4 and x = −7.
Exercise 2B
1 For each of the following functions:
i draw the mapping diagram
ii state if the function is one-to-one or many-to-one
iii find the range of the function.
a f(x) = 5x − 3, domain {x = 3, 4, 5, 6}
b g(x) = x 2 − 3, domain {x = −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3}
7
c h(x) = _____ , domain {x = −1, 0, 1}
4 − 3x
30
Functions and graphs
O x O x O x
d y e y f y
O x O x
O x
6 The following mappings f and g are defined on all the real numbers by
f(x) = { 2 g(x) = { 2
4 − x, x , 4 4 − x, x , 4
x + 9, x > 4 x + 9, x . 4
a Explain why f(x) is a function and g(x) is not. b Sketch y = f(x).
c Find the values of: i f(3) ii f(10) d Find the solution of f(a) = 90.
31
Chapter 2
s(x) = {
x2 − 6, x , 0
10 − x, x > 0 Problem-solving
a Sketch y = s(x). The solutions of s(x) = x are the values in the
b Find the value(s) of a such that s(a) = 43. domain that get mapped to themselves in the
c Solve s(x) = x. range.
p(x) = { 3
e−x, −5 < x , 0
x + 4, 0 < x < 4
a Sketch y = p(x). (3 marks)
b Find the values of a, to 2 decimal places, such that p(a) = 50. (4 marks)
E/P 9 The function h has domain −10 < x < 6, and is linear from (−10, 14) to (−4, 2) and from
(−4, 2) to (6, 27).
a Sketch y = h(x). (2 marks) Problem-solving
b Write down the range of h(x). (1 mark) The graph of y = h(x) will consist of two
c Find the values of a, such that h(a) = 12. (4 marks) line segments which meet at (−4, 2).
P 11 The function f is defined by f(x) = ax3 + bx − 5 where a and b are constants to be found.
Given that f(1) = −4 and f(2) = 9, find the values of the constants a and b.
fg
Example 10
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