Biology

LIFE PROCESSES
Answer in Brief
1. Why are plants called producers and animals consumers?
2. What is phagocytosis?
3. Name the steps in holozoic nutrition in the correct sequence.
4. Define ingestion. How does ingestion occur in Amoeba?
5. Why is food in alimentary canal made first acidic and then alkaline
when most of digestion is completed in
alkaline medium?
6. What sources of energy are used by autotrophs?
7. Name the enzymes present in pancreatic juice.
8. Which part of the alimentary canal is specially modified for
absorption? What are these modifications?
9. Differentiate between assimilation and absorption.
10. Define fermentation.
11. How do different parts of a flowering plant exchange gases with
the atmosphere?
12. Why do green plants not take oxygen for respiration during
daytime?
13. Give reason why more energy is released in aerobic respiration
than in anaerobic respiration.
14. Although both food and oxygen are necessary for life, man can
live without food for a number of days, but he
dies without oxygen within a few minutes. Why?
15. Why do we feel fatigue after a strenuous exercise or after a long
walk?
16. Why is ATP called the energy currency of a cell?
17. What happens during external respiration?
18. Give two differences in the anaerobic respiration in fungi and in
animals.
19. Name the factor responsible for the ascent of sap.
20. How is food transported in plants?
21. Why do veins have valves but not arteries?
22. How do leaves of plants help in excretion?
23. Point out two main differences between an artery and a vein.
24. Why is it essential to keep separate completely oxygenated and
deoxygenated blood circulation in mammals
and birds?
25. Explain how lymph acts as a middle man in exchanging materials
between blood and tissue cells.
26. Discuss the role of blood platelets in clotting of blood and
bleeding at the point of injury.
27. Where and what happens to glucose that comes out of blood into
nephric filtrate?
28. What is osmoregulation? How is osmoregulation achieved in
Amoeba?
29. Why are proteins not filtered from blood during ultrafiltration in
glomerulus?
Answer the following questions
1.Through bile juice contains no digestive enzymes, but is important

for the digestion of food. Explain.
2. Write down the functions of the stomach.
3. Name the enzymes secreted by pancreas and write their functions.
4. (a) Give a complete equation to represent the chemistry of
photosynthesis.
(b) Give the materials needed for this process.
(c) Mention main events that occur during photosynthesis.
5. Give differences between ectoparasites and endoparasites with two
examples each.
6. In case the stomach starts functioning as an absorptive organ,
what modifications would be expected in its structure?
7. Give functions of nasal passages.
8. Name three steps of aerobic respiration and what happens at each
step?
9. Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
10. Define respiratory surface and give its essential features.
11. Explain in detail the process of breathing in man.
12. What are stomata and lenticels? Discuss their role in exchange of
gases in plants.
13. How are alveoli designed to maximise the diffusion of respiratory
gases?
14. Describe the process of ascent of sap in plants. How is it
explained by transpiration pull?
15. Where are bicuspid and tricuspid valves present and what is their
role?
16. What do you mean by double circulation? Explain it with reference
to the human heart.
17. Define the process of excretion and discuss the role of kidneys in
osmoregulation.
18. What is an artificial kidney?
CONTROL AND COORDINATION
Answer in Brief
1.Define stimulus and response.
2. Give one important difference between phytochrome and
phytohormone.
3. What do you mean by roots that show positive hydrotropism and
negative phototropism?
4. Give one example each of thigmonasty and thigmotropism and also
give one difference between the two.
5. Where are auxins produced?
6. Name two functions common to both auxins and gibberellins.
7. Name the phytohormones produced by plants.
8. How is the direction of nerve impulse conduction controlled?
9. Why is conduction of nerve impulse through nerve fibre described
as an electrochemical phenomenon?
10. Differentiate between the following pairs with reference to the
aspect given in brackets.
(a) Cerebrum and cerebellum (function)
(b) Medulla oblongata and cerebellum (function)
(c) Dendrite and axon (structure)
(d)Sensory Nerve and motor nerve (direction of impulse carried)
(e) Conditioned and unconditioned reflexes (nature)
What is a synapse? Describe transmission of nerve impulse at the
synapse.
Name the hormones which lead to the following conditions:
(a) Myxoedema
(c) Diabetes mellitus
(b) Exophthalmic goitre
(d) Gigantism

1. Give one example of plant hormone for each of the following:
(a) Promotes cell division
(b) Inhibits growth
(c) Induces phototropism
(d) Shows apical dominance
2. (a) Name the plant growth hormone which is synthesised at the
tips of shoot and root.
(b) Why do roots always grow downwards and shoots grow
upwards?
3. (a) Why is thigmonasty a non-directional movement?
(b) Describe the mechanism of this type of movement.
(c) Name the plant which exhibits thigmonasty.
4. (a) How does our nervous system detect information/stimuli from
external and internal environment
(b) Name the important receptors and their functions.
5. Describe the structure of a neuron and function of its different
parts.
6. You have touched a hot object. Schematically describe the path
travelled by the stimulus and the immediate
response generated. Give a suitable diagrammatic pathway.
7. Give location of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
in the body.
8. Differentiate cerebrum and cerebellum.
Answer in Brief
1. Define reproduction.
2 What are the characteristics of asexual reproduction?
3. Explain the process of budding in Hydra.
4. List any two advantages of vegetative propagation.
5. What is the common method of reproduction in sugarcane and rose
plants? Explain the process.
6. What is the mode of reproduction in Yeast and Jasmine?
7. What is meant by regeneration? Name two animals which can
regenerate fully from their cut body parts.
8. (a) What is meant by the term 'artificial propagation in plants'?
(b) Name three common methods which are used for the artificial
propagation of plants.
9. (a) What is a tuber? Name one stem tuber and one root tuber.
(b) Why does bread mould grow profusely on a moist slice of
bread but not on a dry slice of bread?
10. Differentiate between binary fission and multiple fission.
11. Define sexual reproduction.
12. Mention any two functions of the human ovary.
13. Differentiate between external and internal fertilisation.
14. Explain why scrotum remains outside the body of human males.
15. Mention the methods used for regulation of child birth.
16, What are menarche and menopause?
17. Why does menstruation occur?
18. Name surgical methods for the prevention of pregnancy.

1. Justify the statement "DNA contains the blueprint of the next
generation."
2. What are scion and stock with reference to grafting?
3. What is tissue culture?
4. (a) What is meant by the term fission?
(b) Name one organism which reproduces by binary fission and one
by multiple fission.
5. Describe in short the methodology and significance of tissue
culture technique.
6. Give any two advantages and disadvantages of vegetative
reproduction.
7. Describe the mechanism of fertilisation in plants.
8. Describe the post-fertilisation changes in flowers.
9. Define barrier methods of birth control.
10. Name the hormones secreted from testes and ovaries and also
mention their functions.
11. What are sexually transmitted diseases and their causative agents?
HEREDITY
Answer in Brief
1. Name the various methods that are responsible for introducing
variations in sexually reproducing populations.
2. In Mendel's cross what do the letters P, F and F2 represent?
3. Give two differences between autosomes and sex chromosomes.
4. Define the terms homologous pair, heterozygous and homozygous.
5. What is allele?
6. Differentiate between monohybrid and dihybrid cross.
7.Which fossil is described as the connecting link between reptiles
and birds?
8. Name any two vestigial organs found in the human body.
9. Define phylogeny.
10. What is the significance of Archaeopteryx in the study of organic
evolution?
11. How do you explain the presence of a nonfunctional appendix in
man?
12. Give an example of each of the characters inherited and acquired
in humans.
13. What is the significance of the occurrence of homologous and
analogous organs?
14. Give one example each of divergent and convergent evolution.
15. Name the tools used to trace evolutionary history of man.

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LIFE PROCESSES

Answer the following questions

1.Through bile juice contains no digestive enzymes, but is important

CONTROL AND COORDINATION

Answer the following questions

Answer the following questions

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