Reference Description Output

1.0 GENERAL DETAILS

GA Via-duct / Bridge No. :
Drawing Chainage :

General arrangement drawing of V13 was approved by Letter

No.12394/3.03(3) and issued Geometric design from Letter No.7164/3.03(1)
reffered for the following calculations.

2.0 SURFACE DRAINAGE DESIGN

This document preparedof
U.S. Department based on:
Transportation Publication No. FHWA-NH1-10-009
1 Hydraulic Engineering Circular No.22, Third Edition
2
3 Guide to Road Design Part 5A: Drainage – Road Surface, Networks, Basins
and Subsurface (Austroads)

2.1 Design Criteria

AIP for Surface drainage submitted with 02.03-890-2495 dated on 30th May 2019 and
accepted by Engineer with TL/RDA/CEP1/03/2019-2543 dated on 04th July 2019.

2.2 Design Return Period

Design return period of 10 years proposed for surface drainage design.

2.3 Design Discharge

The design discharge Qd will be computed based on the Rational Method one of the
most commonly used equation for the calculation of peak flow from small areas.
Qd = CIA/(3.6X106)

Qd = Flow Discharge (m3/s)

C = Dimension less runoff coefficient
The run-off coefficient C = 0.9 for road surfaces and embankment/cut slopes.
A = Drainage area,
I = Rainfall intensity, mm/hr

Dunamale Gauging station covers a major part of the road profile. Therefore use IDF
relationship for Dunamale calculations.
I = 3269(10 + 23.15511)-0.7609 = 227.7mm/hr

Sample Calculation for inlet at 22+693.673 RHS Shoulder

Assumed inlet spacing = 10.000 m
Width of the road = 30.000 m
Qd = 0.9x227.73x10X30 = 0.0171 m3/s
3.6x106
Design Discharge with maintenance factor Qa=
Q = Qd/0.8 = 0.0171/0.8 = 0.0213 m3/s 0.0213m

Bypass flow from inlet at Ch.22+682.852 (Qa-Qi) = 0.0000 m3/s

Design discharge, Qa = 0.0213 m3/s

2.4 Flow Width in Gutter

Gutter Flow calculations are necessary to establish the spread of water on the shoulder,
parking lane, or pavement section. The width of flow (T) in the gutter is based on equation
4-2 in FHWA-NH1-10-009;
Q = Ku Sx1.67 SL0.5 T2.67
n

In terms of T;
T= Qxn ^0.375

Ku x SX1.67 x SL0.5
Where:
Q = Flow, m3/s
KU = 0.376
n = Manning’s coefficient (Table 4-3 of FHWA-NH1-10-009)
Reference Description Output

Generally, the value of “n” to be adopted will be 0.013 for smooth asphalt pavement
unless the longitudinal slope is less than 0.3% where the value will be increased
to 0.015.
T = Width of flow (spread), m
SX = Cross slope, m/m
SL = Longitudinal slope, m/m

The following ponded widths considered as allowable;

Viaduct (LHS Shoulder) – 1.75 m (=2.5-0.75)
Viaduct (RHS Shoulder) – 0.75m (=1-0.25)

Note 1: Curve widening width will added to the allowable ponded width if curve
widening available.

Note 2:When attempting to use the above formula for calculating spread widths at
sag or crest locations, the longitudinal grade tends to zero, and therefore the
Guide to Road
Design Part
spread width tends to infinity. Increasing spread widths are in turn met with a
5A: Drainage corresponding decrease in captured flows, theoretically approaching zero, as the
– Road longitudinal grade falls below 0.1%. In reality the presence of an inlet on an
Surface, otherwise flat section of road will induce flow. It is recommended that a minimum
Networks, longitudinal grade of 0.1% be used for all capture calculations.
Basins and
Subsurface
Section 5.5.1
Page 74
Sample Calculation for inlet at 22+693.673 RHS Shoulder

Longitudinal slope, SL = 0.0149

Cross slope, SX = 0.0250

Flow width in gutter:
Shoulder width = 2.500 m
Allowable ponded width = 2.5-0.75 = 1.750 m
T= 0.0213x0.013 ^0.375
= 1.484 m < 1.75 m T=
0.376 x 0.025^1.67 x 0.0149^0.05 1.484m
Hence ok

The depth of flow at the curb can be calculated by the following formula;
d = T SX Equation 4-3 in FHWA-NH1-10-009
Where,
d = Depth of flow at the curb, m

Therefore recommended to introduce composite Gutter section with width of

depression (W=0.300m) and Gutter depression (a=0.075m) as shown in the figure
below which is same as the gutter depression considered in the depressed Curb
inlets.

Figure 01: Depressed curb opening inlet

Reference Description Output

2.5 Curb Opening Inlet Capacity

It considered following use of depressed curb-opening inlets similar to what was used on
other highway projects. The efficiency of this type of inlet reduces when the longitudinal
slope is greater than 3%.
The length of the curb-opening inlet required for total interception of gutter flow on a
pavement section with a uniform cross slope is expressed based on equation 4-22 in
FHWA-NH1-10-009;

LT = KT Q0.42 SL0.3 1 0.6

n Se
Where,
LT = Length of curb-opening inlet, m
Q = Gutter flow, m3/s
KT = 0.817
n = Manning’s coefficient (Table 4-3 of FHWA-NH1-10-009)
T = Width of flow (spread), m
Sx = Equivalent cross slope, m/m
SL = Longitudinal slope, m/m

The equivalent cross slope Se can be calculated based on equation 4-24 in

FHWA-NH1-10-009;
Se = SX + S'WE0

Where,
S’W = cross slope of gutter measured from cross slope of pavement, m/m
= a / [W] for W in m
a = Gutter depression, mm
W = Width of depressed section of the gutter, m
E0 = Ratio of flow in a chosen width of gutter to total gutter flow (Qw /Q)
QW = Flow rate in the depressed section of the gutter, m3/s
Q = Gutter flow rate, m3/s

SW = SX + a/W = SX+ S’W

The ratio of flow (E0) can be calculated based on equation 4-4 in FHWA-NH1-10-009

E0 = 1 / 1 + Sw / SX
1+ Sw / SX 2.67
-1
T/W - 1

Considered to adopt a curb inlet length (LT) equal to 1.0m and the gutter depression (a)
of 75mm.

Sample Calculation for inlet at 22+693.673 RHS Shoulder

Gutter Depression, a = 0.075 m
Gutter Width, W = 0.300 m
S’W = 0.075/0.3 = 0.250
SW= SX+ a/W
SW = 0.025+0.25 = 0.275
SW/SX = 0.275/0.025 = 11.000
T/W = 1.484/0.3 = 4.948

E0 = (1/(1+(11/((1+11/(4.948-1))^2.67-1))))
= 0.755

Se = 0.025+0.25x0.755
Reference Description Output
0.214

LT,Req = 0.817*0.0213^0.42*0.0149^0.3*(1/(0.013*0.214))^0.6

= 1.570 m > LT,Provided = 1 m Hence NOT OK

An inlet length of 1m not enough for the capture 100% flow from the gutter
although flow width T is much lower than the allowable flow width. Therefore by-
pass flow considered in next inlet for the calculation.
Check inlet capacity

Qi = 0.0073 m3/s

By-pass flow from the inlet = 0.0213-0.0073

0.0141 m3/s
This by-pass flow will be added to the next inlet (Ch.22+700.713).

2.6 Down Pipe Capacity

It has been considered to use concrete scupper for the discharge from the curb-inlet and
160mm dia. PVC inlet outlet pipes considered to use.
The following orifice equation shall be used to calculate the flow discharge capacity;
Qp = Cp x Ap x (2gH)0.5

Where,
Qp = Discharge into pipe, m3/s
C = Constant, =0.6
A = Area of inlet outlet pipe, m2
g = Gravity, = 9.81m2/s
H = Head above pipe, m - taken as 0.075m

Sample Calculation for inlet at 22+693.673 RHS Shoulder

Outlet pipe diameter (outer)= 0.160 m
Outlet pipe diameter (Inner)= 0.148 m
QP = 0.0125 m3/s > Qa Hence OK

2.7 Aquaplanning
For checking aquaplaning considered following the Road Research Laboratory Report
No. LR 236 (1968) for the calculation of surface water depth.
d = 0.046 x (Lf I)0.5
Sf0.2

Where,
d = depth of flow at the end of the flow path, mm
I = Rainfall intensity, mm/hr
Sf = Flow path slope Sf = (SL2 + SX2)0.5
Lf = Length of flow path, m Lf = W (Sf /Sx)
Where,
Lf = Length of flow path, m
W = Width of pavement contributing to the flow, m
Sf = Flow path slope
SX = Cross fall of the pavement

Sample Calculation for inlet at 22+693.673 RHS Shoulder

Sf = (0.0149^2+0.025^2)^0.5 = 0.029

Lf = (30-0.45*2)*(0.029/0.025)
= 33.861 m

Rainfall intensity - Aquaplaning considered to be calculated using 2 years rainfall intensity

of design return period.
According to the - Letter No TL/RDA/CEP1/03/2020-4253 -10th March 2020
Reference Description Output
I = 2491(T + 20.39436)-0.7809
I = 2491(10+20.39436)-0.7809 = 173.2 mm/hr
Therefore,
d = 0.046x(33.861X173.165)^0.5/(0.029)^0.2
d = 7.146 mm < 5 mm Hence OK

Refer following tables for detailed calculations.

Refer Attachment-01 for contour map & inlet positions.
 Central Expressway Section 1 - Package 2
0
Reference Description Output

SUMMARY & RECOMMENDATION

01. An inlet length of 1m not enough for the capture 100% flow from the gutter
although flow width T is much lower than the allowable flow width in some inlets.
Therefore by-pass flow considered in next inlet for the calculation.

02. Water film thickness for the following segment slightly above the permissible 5mm
limit from Ch.22+730.465 to Ch.22+793.458 (Both sides).
However, according to the approved AIP, the maximum depth of flow for the main
viaduct is 5mm, with flexibility for up to 6.5mm.
As a result, the aquaplanning requirements for this part can be considered met.