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ELECTROCHEMISTRY

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abhay krishna singh
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10 views10 pages

ELECTROCHEMISTRY

Uploaded by

abhay krishna singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION

Electrochemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the


relationship between electrical energy and chemical changes. It
encompasses a wide range of phenomena, including the behavior of ions
in solutions, the processes of oxidation and reduction, and the operation
of devices like batteries and electrolysis cells.
Electro Chemical Cell Whenever a redox reaction is allowed to take
place directly in a single beaker, it is found that the solution becomes hot.
For example, when zinc is placed in a copper solution, the solution is
found to be warmer as the reaction proceeds according to the equation.
Zn(s) +Cu (aq) ZnSo4 (aq) +Cu(s)
Similar results are observed when a rod of copper is placed in silver
solution. The reaction taking place as follows:
Cu(s) +2AgNo3+2Ag
Thus, we conclude that whenever a redox takes place directly in a single
in a single beaker, chemical energy in the form of heat is produced. By
suitable means it is possible to bring out the redox reaction indirectly so
as to convert the chemical energy into the Electrical energy.
Objectives
1. To understand the fundamental concepts of electrochemistry.
2. To explore the principles of oxidation and reduction.
3. To investigate the working principles of galvanic and electrolytic
cells.
4. To study the applications of electrochemistry in real-world
scenarios.
THEORY
Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions:
Oxidation: Loss of electrons.
Reduction: Gain of electrons.
Oxidizing Agent: The substance that gets reduced.
Reducing Agent: The substance that gets oxidized.
Electrochemical Cells:
Galvanic (Voltaic) Cells: Convert chemical energy into electrical energy.
Example: Daniell Cell.
Electrolytic Cells: Use electrical energy to drive non-spontaneous
chemical reactions.
Example: Electrolysis of water.
Electrode Potentials:
Standard Electrode Potential (E°): The potential of a half-cell under
standard conditions (25°C, 1 M concentration, 1 atm pressure).
Nernst Equation:
Used to calculate the cell potential at any conditions.
E=E°−RT/nF lnQ .
Where E is the cell potential, E° is the standard cell potential, RRR is the
gas constant, Tis the temperature, n is the number of moles of electrons,
F is the Faraday constant, and Q is the reaction quotient.
Experiment 2: Electrolysis of Water
Material Required :-
Water
Sulfuric acid (to increase conductivity)
Electrolytic cell
Power supply
Electrodes (inert, e.g., platinum)
Procedure:
Fill the electrolytic cell with acidified water.
Insert the electrodes and connect them to the power supply.
Turn on the power and observe the gas bubbles forming at each
electrode.
Observations:
Hydrogen gas forms at the cathode
Reduction: 2H2O + 2e− → H2 + 2OH−
Oxygen gas forms at the anode
Oxidation: 2H2O → O2 + 4H + +4e−
Applications of
Electrochemistry
1->Batteries:
Example: Lithium-ion batteries used in smartphones and electric
vehicles.
Working principle: Electrochemical cells converting chemical energy to
electrical energy.
Corrosion:
Electrochemical process where metals deteriorate.
Prevention: Galvanization, cathodic protection.
Electroplating:
Using electrolysis to deposit a layer of metal on an object.
Applications: Jewelry, corrosion protection.
Industrial Processes:
Electrolytic production of aluminum, chlorine, and sodium hydroxide.
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
EXPERIMENT 1: Constructing a Daniel
Cell

Material Required:
Copper sulfate solution (CuSO₄)
Zinc sulfate solution (ZnSO₄)
Copper electrode
Zinc electrode
Salt bridge
Voltmeter
Procedure:
1->Set up the copper and zinc half-cells.
2->Connect the electrodes using a salt bridge.
3->Connect the electrodes to a voltmeter.
4->Record the voltage and observe the reactions occurring at each
electrode.
Observations:
Copper electrode gains mass:-
Reduction: Cu2+ + 2e− → Cu
Zinc electrode loses mass: Oxidation: Zn → Zn2+ + 2e−
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all those who have
supported and guided me in completing this project on
"Electrochemistry".
I extend my heartfelt thanks to my Chemistry teacher, Mr. Anirudh
Singh for their expert guidance, valuable feedback, and constant support
throughout the project. Their deep understanding of the subject and
patient instruction made the learning process enriching and enjoyable.
I would like to express my appreciation to my family and friends for
their encouragement, understanding, and moral support, which were
crucial for the completion of this project.
Thank you all for your invaluable contributions and support.
SAKSHAM MISHRA
Class XII

Date: ________________
CERTIFICATE
RAMANUJAN PUBLIC SCHOOL

Certificate of Completion

This is to certify that

SAKSHAM MISHRA

of Class XII has successfully completed the project titled

"Electrochemistry"

as part of the Chemistry curriculum for the academic year 2024-25.

The project work embodies the student's dedication, thorough


understanding, and practical application of the principles of
electrochemistry. The student has conducted experiments, analyzed data,
and demonstrated the fundamental concepts with clarity and precision.

Subject Teacher: Mr. Anirudh Singh

Principal

Date: ________________

BIBILIOGRAPHY:
I Have Researched about the Topic using following sites and refrences:
*wikipedia.in
*Class XII NCERT
*google assistant
*Internet Browser

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